1
|
Galletta L, Craven MJ, Meillère A, Crowley TM, Buchanan KL, Mariette MM. Acute exposure to high temperature affects expression of heat shock proteins in altricial avian embryos. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103347. [PMID: 36462856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As the world warms, understanding the fundamental mechanisms available to organisms to protect themselves from thermal stress is becoming ever more important. Heat shock proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones which serve to maintain cellular processes during stress, including thermal extremes. Developing animals may be particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures, but the relevance of heat shock proteins for developing altricial birds exposed to a thermal stressor has never been investigated. Here, we sought to test whether three stress-induced genes - HSPD1, HSPA2, HSP90AA1 - and two constitutively expressed genes - HSPA8, HSP90B1 - are upregulated in response to acute thermal shock in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) embryos half-way through incubation. Tested on a gradient from 37.5 °C (control) to 45 °C, we found that all genes, except HSPD1, were upregulated. However, not all genes initiated upregulation at the same temperature. For all genes, the best fitting model included a correlate of developmental stage that, although it was never significant after multiple-test correction, hints that heat shock protein upregulation might increase through embryonic development. Together, these results show that altricial avian embryos are capable of upregulating a known protective mechanism against thermal stress, and suggest that these highly conserved cellular mechanisms may be a vital component of early developmental protection under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galletta
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia.
| | - Meagan J Craven
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alizée Meillère
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tamsyn M Crowley
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia; Poultry Hub Australia, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mylene M Mariette
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanlon C, Takeshima K, Kiarie EG, Bédécarrats GY. Bone and eggshell quality throughout an extended laying cycle in three strains of layers spanning 50 years of selection. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101672. [PMID: 35074590 PMCID: PMC8789532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of intensive genetic selection in commercial layers has resulted in earlier maturation, while sustaining high production rates to 100 wks of age (woa). To support eggshell formation while maintaining a healthy skeletal frame, substantial adaptations of calcium metabolism in the hen are necessary. Thus, skeletal growth, bone density, and egg quality were compared in 3 strains of layers, with the Lohmann LSL-lite as the current commercial strain, the heritage Shaver white leghorn as the mid-2000s strain, and the white-leghorn derived Smoky Joes as the non-selected 1960s strain. Tibia and Femur (n = 4/strain) were collected at 12, 17, 20, 25, 45, 60, 75, and 100 woa. Bones were measured and weighed, with bone mineral density assessed within medullary (mBMD) and cortical (cBMD) regions of the tibia using micro-Computed Tomography. Egg analyses including weight, eggshell thickness (EST) and eggshell breaking strength (EBS), were conducted throughout lay. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma calcium immediately prior to lay (18 woa) and periodically throughout the laying cycle. Femur and tibia weight, or size, did not increase beyond 12 woa, indicating that all hens reached maximum skeletal size by this time. An interaction (P = 0.005) was observed between strain and tibia mBMD, as all three strains demonstrated an accumulation of medullary bone from 12 to 100 woa. Regarding egg weight, while Lohmann hen eggs displayed the highest quality at 26 woa, an elevation in egg weight in Lohmann and Shaver hens (P < 0.001) resulted in a decline in EST and EBS over time (P < 0.01). Yet, at 100 woa, no strain differed in EST or EBS, despite larger variations in cumulative egg numbers (P < 0.001). Plasma calcium levels were significantly elevated between the immature state and peak of lay but remained unchanged throughout lay in all strains. In conclusion, our results show that although genetic selection of layer hens resulted in tremendous improvement in productivity, no detrimental effects on cBMD or mBMD were observed throughout an extended laying period up to 100 woa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
| | - Kayo Takeshima
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Grégoy Y Bédécarrats
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miri B, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Khaltabadi Farahani AH. Effects of low eggshell temperatures during incubation, in ovo feeding of L-arginine, and post-hatch dietary guanidinoacetic acid on hatching traits, performance, and physiological responses of broilers reared at low ambient temperature. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101548. [PMID: 34823169 PMCID: PMC8626698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of eggshell temperature (ET) manipulations during incubation, in ovo feeding (IOF) of arginine, and post-hatch dietary supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on hatching traits and subsequent growth and physiological performance of hatched broiler chicks reared under subnormal temperature. In experiment 1, from d 8 of incubation onward, a total of 2,160 hatching eggs were randomly arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design, in which the eggs were exposed to 2 ET (37.8°C or periodically low ET), and 3 IOF treatments (noninjected, diluent-injected, and 1% arginine solution-injected). In experiment 2, a total of 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks from 2 temperature conditions and 2 IOF treatment groups (noninjected and Arg-injected) were reared for 42 d with or without GAA supplementation in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. A subnormal ambient temperature (17°C) was applied from 15 d onward to induce ascites. Results from experiment 1 showed a 2-way interaction between ET and IOF for embryonic mortality rate during 19 to 21 d of incubation and residual yolk weight at hatch (P < 0.05). A periodically low ET significantly increased yolk free body mass, first-grade chicks, and relative heart weight than an ET of 37.8°C. In the second experiment, overall average daily gain (ADG) was increased, but feed conversion ratio (FCR), ascites mortality, and serum thyroid hormones and corticosterone were reduced in the low ET group (P < 0.05). There were also IOF × GAA interactions for ADG and FCR (P < 0.05). IOF of arginine or dietary GAA increased serum nitric oxide concentration and jejunal villus height, but decreased ascites mortality (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a periodically low ET accompanied by IOF of arginine during incubation and posthatch dietary supplementation with GAA could be a useful strategy for improving the chick quality at hatch and subsequent improvements in post-hatch performance and ascites indices in cold-stressed broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Miri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Costa B, Lopes T, Mesquita M, Lara L, Araújo I. Thermal manipulations of birds during embryogenesis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1823302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.T.A. Costa
- Graduate Student, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T.S.B. Lopes
- Graduate Student, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M.A. Mesquita
- Poultry Science Research, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - L.J.C. Lara
- Poultry Science Group, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - I.C.S. Araújo
- Poultry Science Group, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi L, Sun Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Li Y, Huang Z, Ni A, Chen C, Li D, Wang P, Fan J, Ma H, Chen J. Effect of age at photostimulation on sexual maturation and egg-laying performance of layer breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 99:812-819. [PMID: 32029163 PMCID: PMC7587730 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of age at photostimulation on sexual maturity and performance of layer breeders. A total of 192 fourteen-wk-old White Leghorn (WL) breeder hens were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 48 birds each, with 2 replicates per treatment. The birds were photostimulated at 16 (PS16), 18 (PS18), 20 (PS20), and 22 (PS22) wk of age. Four birds per treatment were randomly selected to evaluate sexual organ development at 1 D before photostimulation and 2, 4, and 6 wk after photostimulation. The ovary weight, large yellow follicles number (LYF), oviduct weight, and oviduct length of PS18 increased sharply after photostimulation. Conversely, the increase in PS16 was not observed until 2 wk after photostimulation. There was no difference in age at sexual maturity between treatments (P > 0.05). The PS16 had the longest interval (28 D) from photostimulation to 5% egg production, while PS22 reached 5% egg production 7 D before photostimulation. The PS22 had lower peak production (P = 0.02) and less egg production (P = 0.02) than other treatments. The PS16 had more broken and abnormal eggs (P = 0.01) and lower hatchability (P = 0.04) than other treatments. In conclusion, photostimulation at 16 and 22 wk of age decreases hatchability and egg production, respectively, and photostimulation at 18 wk is appreciated for the WL breeder hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongli Li
- Beijing Bainianliyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., LTD, Beijing 101500, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|