1
|
Naeem M, Burton EJ, Scholey DV, Alkhtib A, Broadberry S. Efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets fed to broilers from day 1 to 21 of age. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38787391 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets on performance, the digestive tract and litter characteristics in broilers. Four dietary treatments; control commercial diet with a typical crude protein content 22.50% (CON); CON + 20% maize with particle size 350 µm (M350), crude protein 19.90%; CON + 20% maize with particle size 2600 µm (M2600), crude protein 19.90%); CON + 20% whole maize (WM), crude protein 19.90%, were fed ad libitum to broiler chicks up to 21 d of age.2. No differences in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were found between the WM and CON. WM increased body weight gain compared to M350 and M2600. M350, M2600 and WM increased (p = 0.004) gizzard relative weight compared with CON on day 14. Both WM and M2600 reduced (p = 0.001) gastric isthmus diameter on d 14 and 21 compared with CON and M350.3. No differences were seen in mucosa for the Lamina propria and the extent of Tunica muscularis of gizzard on d 21 and ileum mucosal depth on d 14 between WM and CON diets. However, WM reduced villus-to-crypt ratio compared with CON on d 21. The M350 reduced (p < 0.05) gizzard digesta particle size compared with CON, M2600 and WM on d 14.4. Both WM and M350 decreased (p < 0.05) nitrogen excretion compared to birds fed CON. Feeding WM increased nitrogen efficiency compared with M350 and M2600 diets, but was similar to birds fed CON. Feeding M350, M2600 or WM decreased (p < 0.05) litter moisture and footpad dermatitis (FPD) scores compared with results from birds fed CON.5. Overall, diluting the protein level in broiler diets with whole maize appeared better than fine or coarse maize in terms of growth performance, digestive tract development, nitrogen excretion and litter parameters. This may lead to economic benefits by reducing grinding costs and dependence on rich protein resources contributing to sustainable meat production and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Naeem
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - D V Scholey
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - A Alkhtib
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| | - S Broadberry
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghasemi-Aghgonbad A, Olyayee M, Janmohammadi H, Abdollahi MR, Kianfar R. The Interactive Impacts of Corn Particle Size and Conditioning Temperature on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:818. [PMID: 38473202 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interactions between corn particle size (PS) and conditioning temperature (CT) on the performance, carcass traits, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. A total of 360 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two corn PS (finely ground with geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 357 µm (PSF) vs. coarsely ground corn with GMD of 737 µm (PSC), and three CT [unconditioned (CTU), conditioned at 75 °C (CT75) and 90 °C (CT90)]. Birds were accommodated in 30 pens with five replicates and 12 chicks per each pen. There was no interaction between corn PS and CT on the growth performance and immune response of broilers at any growth phases. However, during the starter (0-10 days) period, the average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of PSF-fed birds were significantly improved compared to those fed PSC (p < 0.05). During the starter (0-10 days) and grower (11-24 days) periods, increasing the conditioning temperature of corn increased the ADWG, while in the starter phase only the CT75 caused a lower FCR (p < 0.05). Broilers fed PSF corn showed the lowest FCR during the finisher (25-42 days) period compared to those fed PSC (p < 0.05). Conditioning corn at 75 °C reduced FCR during the finisher (25-42 days) period compared to the birds fed CTU and CT90 corn (p < 0.05). In whole experimental periods (1-42 days), PSF and CT75 treatment increased the ADWG compared to the PSC and CTU (p < 0.05). The CT75 treatment improved primary total anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBCs) titer (IgT) and IgM and secondary IgT and IgG responses compared to the other experimental groups (CTU and CT90) (p < 0.05). No significant PS × CT interaction was found on the Newcastle disease (ND) antibody titer of broiler chickens (p > 0.05). Feeding CT75 corn reduced duodenum and jejunum relative lengths compared to the birds fed diets containing CTU corn. Significant PS × CT interactions (p < 0.05) were observed for villus height, villus height to crypt depth, crypt depth, muscle thickness, and absorption surface area of the jejunum. The highest carcass yield was observed in the PSF-CT75 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of finely ground corn (PSF) conditioned at 75 °C (CT75) was beneficial to growth performance, development of the digestive tract, jejunum histomorphometry and the immune responses of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Olyayee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Ruhollah Kianfar
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pourazadi Z, Salari S, Tabandeh MR, Abdollahi MR. Insoluble fibre and enzyme supplementation in mash or pellets diets on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed barley containing diets. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1399. [PMID: 38419291 PMCID: PMC10902562 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme supplementation and the inclusion of fibre in the barley-based diets have been some of the alternatives proposed to improve productivity in the absence of growth promoters. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effect of adding sunflower hulls (SFH), a multi-enzyme carbohydrate, and feed forms (mash and pellet) on performance and some physiological parameters in broiler chickens fed barley containing diets. METHODS Treatments were two feed forms (mash vs. pelleted), and four diets consisted of a barley-based diet (control, CTL) or test diets which contained either SFH at 30 g/kg, enzyme (ENZ; 0.2 g/kg) or combination of SFH and enzyme (SFH + ENZ). RESULTS The results showed that average daily feed intake and average daily gain were significantly increased in chickens that were fed ENZ (p < 0.05). The highest digestibility of ether extract (EE) was observed in the treatment containing SFH and SFH + ENZ (p < 0.05). The highest population of Lactobacillus spp. was observed in the treatment containing SFH (p < 0.05). The villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratios of duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in broilers fed pellet diets compared to the mash. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that pellet diets reduce digesta viscosity and harmful microorganisms (Escherichia coli), increase growth performance, and improve intestinal morphology in barley-based diets. Moreover, SFH and ENZ had favourable effects on EE digestibility and caecal microbial population of broilers fed with barley containing diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Pourazadi
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology FacultyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanAhvazIran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology FacultyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Veterinary Medicine FacultyShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZVilleurbanneFrance
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rueda MS, Bonilla S, de Souza C, Starkey JD, Starkey CW, Mejia L, Pacheco WJ. Evaluation of particle size and feed form on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers at 39 d of age. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103437. [PMID: 38290341 PMCID: PMC10840342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate combined effects of corn particle size and feed form on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers from 1 to 39 d of age. A total of 1,800 days old, male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to 9 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens (25 birds/pen). The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of 3 corn particle sizes (750, 1,150, and 1,550 μm) and 3 feed forms (mash, 3- and 4-mm pellets) provided from 1 to 39 d. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added as an indigestible marker (0.5%) during the finisher phase (27-39 d) to determine nutrient digestibility. Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined at 17, 27, and 39 d of age, with FCR adjusted for mortality. On d 40, 10 birds/pen were randomly selected and processed for meat yield determination. Data were analyzed as a 3×3 factorial (particle size x feed form) arrangement of treatments. Broilers fed 3- and 4-mm pellets had increased (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and lower FCR than broilers fed mash diets at 39 d of age. At 39 d of age, broilers fed diets with 750 µm corn particle size had heavier (P < 0.05) BW and increased FI than broilers fed diets with corn particle sizes of 1,150 and 1,550 µm. At 39 d of age FCR was unaffected by corn particle size. Heavier (P < 0.05) carcass and breast weights were observed for broilers fed 3-mm pellets. Broilers fed diets with corn particle size of 750 µm had heavier (P < 0.05) carcass and breast weight than broilers fed diets with 1,550 µm. Digestibility of nutrients was higher (P < 0.05) in pelleted diets, particularly when corn particle size was increased from 750 to 1,550 µm. Breast myopathies such as wooden breast (WB) and spaghetti meat (SM), were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers fed 3-mm pellets compared to mash diets. In conclusion, broilers fed 3- and 4-mm pelleted diets had greater nutrient digestibility and improved broiler performance compared to broilers fed mash diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Rueda
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - S Bonilla
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - C de Souza
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - J D Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - C W Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - L Mejia
- Cobb Vantress, Siloam Springs, AR 72761, USA
| | - W J Pacheco
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Carvalho Maquiné L, Rufino JPF, Dos Santos Almeida Coelho KW, Filho GBV, de Lima Chaves FA, Cruz FGG, de Queiroz Costa Neto P. Effects of particle size of corn and stocking densities on the performance, carcass traits and gastrointestinal tract development of Muscovy ducks in housing. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:10. [PMID: 38093117 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation was conducted to investigate the effects of different particle sizes of corn and stocking densities on performance, carcass traits and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development of Muscovy ducks in housing. 200 Muscovy ducks were distributed in a factorial scheme (2 × 2) where the treatments were constituted by two stocking densities (2 or 3 birds/m2) and two particle sizes of corn (6 or 8 mm), with five replicates of 10 birds each. At 1, 35, 70, and 90 days old, Muscovy ducks were slaughtered to evaluate the development of heart and GIT. Muscovy ducks managed in the density of 3 birds/m2 presented higher (P < 0.05) GIT development, performance and carcass traits regardless of age evaluated. In the same way, Muscovy ducks fed diets using a particle size of corn of 6 mm (Mean Geometric Diameter (MGD) = 781 μm) presented higher (P < 0.05) GIT development, performance and carcass traits regardless of age evaluated. Conclusively, the stocking density of 3 birds/m2 and the particle size of corn of 6 mm (MGD = 781 μm) were considered ideal recommendations for Muscovy ducks, providing higher GIT development, which resulted in better performance and carcass traits.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Liang S, Qin K, Jia B, Ren Z, Yang X, Yang X. Acer truncatum leaves extract modulates gut microbiota, improves antioxidant capacity, and alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102951. [PMID: 37562124 PMCID: PMC10432845 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the appropriate way of dietary Acer truncatum leaves (ATL) addition, the effect of disease prevention and its mechanism of action. In experiment 1, 192 Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to 4 treatment groups, fed with basal diets containing 2% bran, replacing it with primary and fermented ATL, and additional 0.3% ATL extract to the basal diet for 42 d, respectively. In experiment 2, 144 broilers were assigned to 3 treatment groups for 21-d trial: (1) C-N group, basal diets, and injected with 0.9% (w/v) sterile saline; (2) C-L group, basal diets, and injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (3) T-L group, ATL diets and injected with LPS. In experiment 1, ATL significantly decreased the index of abdominal fat at 42 d (P < 0.05). ATL extract had a better ability to improve antioxidant capacity and reduce inflammatory levels among all treatment groups, which significantly decreased the content of MDA in the liver and ileum mucosa at 21 d, and increased the expression of IL-10 and Occludin in jejunal mucosa at 42 d (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, ATL significantly increased the level of T-AOC in the liver, decreased the expression of NF-κB in the jejunal mucosa and ileum mucosa (P < 0.05), and restored LPS-induced the changed level of CAT in jejunal mucosa, the expression of IL-6, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa and IL-1β in ileum mucosa (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that ATL enhanced the abundances of Bacteroidota and reduced the proportion of Firmicutes (P < 0.05), and the changed levels of T-AOC in body, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and NF-κB in jejunum mucosa and propionic acid in cecal were associated with gut microbiota. Collectively, our data showed that the extract of ATL had a better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than primality and fermented. Extraction of ATL modulated intestinal microbiota, and had a protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in broilers challenged with LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Kailong Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Bingzheng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Novotný J, Horáková L, Řiháček M, Zálešáková D, Šťastník O, Mrkvicová E, Kumbár V, Pavlata L. Effect of Different Feed Particle Size on Gastrointestinal Tract Morphology, Ileal Digesta Viscosity, and Blood Biochemical Parameters as Markers of Health Status in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2532. [PMID: 37570340 PMCID: PMC10417443 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study is focused on how the physical structure of the feed affects the health status of broiler chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of feed particle size in broiler diets on gastrointestinal tract morphology, digesta viscosity, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 90 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into three different experimental groups (with five replicates per pen), with 6 birds per cage. The first experimental group (Coarse) was fed with the coarsest particle size, with feed with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 1111.26 µm, the next group (Medium) was fed with a less coarse feed size of GMD 959.89 µm, and the last group (Fine) was fed a diet with a fine feed particle size of GMD 730.48 µm. The use of coarse feed particle size in the diet had a positive effect on the gizzard weight and small intestinal villi height and crypt depth, which increased the surface area intended for digesting nutrients. The use of finely ground particles in the feed increased the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase and at the same time, decreased the level of urea, which could indicate adverse changes in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotný
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Lucie Horáková
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Michal Řiháček
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Dana Zálešáková
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Ondřej Šťastník
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Eva Mrkvicová
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| | - Vojtěch Kumbár
- Department of Technology and Automobile Transport, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Leoš Pavlata
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (L.H.); (M.Ř.); (D.Z.); (O.Š.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahasic EM, Utterback PL, Parsons CM. Nutritional evaluation of soybean meals varying in particle size. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102708. [PMID: 37148573 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying soybean meal (SBM) particle sizes on nutritional value of the SBM. Seven samples of dehulled solvent-extracted SBM from the same batch were ground to varying mean particles of <386, 466, 809, 1,174, 1,577, 2,026, and 2,321 μm. Two precision-fed rooster assays (crop intubation with 25 g of SBM followed by 48 h total excreta collection) were performed to determine TMEn and standardized amino acid (AA) digestibility. There were no significant differences for TMEn among SBM samples, and there was also no consistent significant effect of particle size on standardized AA digestibility. In addition to the 2 precision-fed rooster assays, a 21 d broiler chick trial was conducted using corn-SBM based diets using 4 diets that differed only in the mean particle size of SBM (466, 809, 1,174, or 1,577 μm), being fed from 2 to 23 d of age. Chicks fed diets containing 809 or 1,174 μm SBM had increased (P < 0.05) weight gain compared with chicks fed the diet containing 466 μm SBM, and chicks fed diets containing 1,174 or 1,577 μm SBM had increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency compared with chicks fed the diet containing 466 μm SBM. The diet containing 466 μm SBM yielded the highest (P < 0.05) AMEn and total tract P retention. Ileal P digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities did not differ among treatments. Relative gizzard weight (percent of body weight) was increased (P < 0.05) by the 2 largest SBM particle sizes. The results from these 3 experiments showed that increasing SBM particle size may be beneficial to broiler growth performance and may increase gizzard size but had no consistent significant effect on ME, AA digestibility, or P digestibility/retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Ahasic
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - P L Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vargas JI, Gulizia JP, Bonilla SM, Sasia S, Pacheco WJ. Effect of Corn Origin on Broiler Performance, Processing Yield, and Nutrient Digestibility from 1 to 35 Days of Age. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071248. [PMID: 37048504 PMCID: PMC10092958 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment studied the effect of feeding corn from the United States (USA), Argentina (ARG), and Brazil (BRA) on broiler performance, processing yield, and nutrient digestibility from 1 to 35 d of age. A total of 900-day old YPM × Ross 708 male broilers were randomly sorted in 36 floor pens, each containing 25 chicks and subjected to three experimental diets, resulting in 12 replications per dietary treatment. Starter, grower, and finisher diets were formulated to be only different in corn origin. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA and means were separated using Tukey’s HSD test, with statistical significance considered at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in body weight, body weight gain, and feed intake from 1 to 35 d of age among the treatments. However, broilers fed diets with the inclusion of corn from the USA and BRA had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with broilers fed diets with corn from ARG from to 1 to 35 d of age (1.434 and 1.434 vs. 1.452 g:g; p = 0.002). Broilers fed diets with the inclusion of corn from BRA had a higher breast weight compared with broilers fed diets with the inclusion of corn from ARG (575 vs. 553 g; p = 0.036), but did not differ in breast weight of broilers fed diets with corn from the USA (575 vs. 556 g; p > 0.05). Corn origin did not influence (p > 0.05) crude protein and fat digestibility. However, broilers fed diets with corn from the USA and BRA had greater phosphorus (P) (63.37, 62.23 vs. 55.26%; p = 0.0003), calcium (Ca) (41.59, 43.85 vs. 30.23%; p = 0.0003), and potassium (K) (88.98, 87.97 vs. 86.04%; p = 0.001) digestibility compared with broilers fed diets with corn from ARG. Overall, corn origin influenced FCR, breast weight, and P, Ca, and K digestibility of broilers from 1 to 35 d of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose I. Vargas
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joseph P. Gulizia
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Susan M. Bonilla
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Santiago Sasia
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wilmer J. Pacheco
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of pellet diameter and crumble size on the growth performance and relative gizzard weight of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2023.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
11
|
Downs K, Gulizia J, Harder G, Stafford E, Sasia S, Pacheco W. Corn particle size variation effects on broiler performance, organ weights, and nutrient digestibility during the early growout period (day 1 to 21). J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
12
|
Effects of corn particle size on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102205. [PMID: 36370669 PMCID: PMC9664518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different corn particle sizes on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass processing yields and intestinal microbiota of caged broilers. One-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 8 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment and 30 birds per replicate pen. The experiment lasted 37 d. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results showed as follows: birds fed diets with the FG corn between d 1 and 13 and CG corn between d14 to 37 had increased body weight, daily gain, and feed intake (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with CG corn between d 24 to 37 had a heavier relative weight of gizzard at d 38 (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with FG corn from d 1 to 13 and the CG corn from d 14 to 37 had a higher carcass yield and a relative thigh weight at d 38 (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was significantly affected by different corn particle sizes. The relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly decreased, whereas that of Peptostreptococcaceae was increased (P < 0.05) in birds fed with the CG corn between d1 to 37. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly increased in birds fed the FG corn between d1 to 37 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FG corn in the starter phase and CG corn in the grower and finisher phases was beneficial to growth performance, gastrointestinal development and intestinal microbial structure of broilers reared in cages.
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of corn particle size distributions and formic acid on productive and processing performance of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
14
|
Brink M, Janssens GP, Demeyer P, Bağci Ö, Delezie E. Reduction of dietary crude protein and feed form: Impact on broiler litter quality, ammonia concentrations, excreta composition, performance, welfare, and meat quality. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:291-303. [PMID: 35600550 PMCID: PMC9097624 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) excreted by poultry is converted to ammonia (NH3), presenting an environmental risk and a health risk to the farmer and animals. A study was performed to investigate the effect of reduced CP and feed form on broiler performance and welfare, meat and litter quality, N utilization, and NH3 concentrations at litter level. A total of 2,232 Ross 308 male broilers was divided into 6 treatments and 6 replicates, which was fed diets in both pellet and mash forms with different CP levels of 205.0 g/kg (H, high), 187.5 g/kg (M, intermediate) and 175.0 g/kg (L, low) in the grower phase and 195.0 g/kg (H), 180.0 g/kg (M) and 165.6 g/kg (L) in the finisher phase. Individual amino acids (AA) were supplemented to maintain digestible AA-to-digestible lysine ratios. Decreasing dietary CP content to 187.5 g/kg in the grower phase and 180.0 g/kg in the finisher phase reduced NH3 concentrations at litter level (P < 0.001), but a further reduction in dietary CP had no additional effect. Mash treatments had better litter qualities and lower incidences of foot and hock lesions than pellet treatments at d 38 (P < 0.001). In addition, treatments with reduced CP had lower incidence of foot lesions at d 38 (P < 0.001). Broilers fed pelleted diets had higher ADFI, ADG, and final BW, improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), and heavier carcasses (P < 0.001) than those fed mash diets over a production period of 39 d. Performance could not be maintained when birds were fed L CP pelleted diets. This study demonstrated that, with the supplementation of AA to meet requirements, the concentration of dietary CP can be reduced to 187.5 and 180.0 g/kg in the grower and finisher phases respectively, without impairing broiler performance, meat yield and quality. Mash diets were favorable when considering the overall litter quality and welfare of the birds. However, they could not maintain the same broiler performance and slaughter yield as pelleted diets. Results from the present study may assist the poultry sector towards a socially acceptable low-emission farming system.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lyons A, Patterson P, Boney J. Hammermill screen selection for soybean processing: Soybean meal particle size and pullet performance effects. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
16
|
Gomez-Garcia J, Chavez-Carbajal A, Segundo-Arizmendi N, Baron-Pichardo MG, Mendoza-Elvira SE, Hernandez-Baltazar E, Hynes AP, Torres-Angeles O. Efficacy of Salmonella Bacteriophage S1 Delivered and Released by Alginate Beads in a Chicken Model of Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101932. [PMID: 34696362 PMCID: PMC8539449 DOI: 10.3390/v13101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern bacteriophage encapsulation methods based on polymers such as alginate have been developed recently for their use in phage therapy for veterinary purposes. In birds, it has been proven that using this delivery system allows the release of the bacteriophage in the small intestine, the site of infection by Salmonella spp. This work designed an approach for phage therapy using encapsulation by ionotropic gelation of the lytic bacteriophage S1 for Salmonella enterica in 2% w/v alginate beads using 2% w/v calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. This formulation resulted in beads with an average size of 3.73 ± 0.04 mm and an encapsulation efficiency of 70%. In vitro, the beads protected the bacteriophages from pH 3 and released them at higher pH. To confirm that this would protect the bacteriophages from gastrointestinal pH changes, we tested the phage infectivity in vivo assay. Using a model chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, we confirmed that after 3 h of the beads delivery, infective phages were present in the chicken’s duodenal and caecal sections. This study demonstrates that our phage formulation is an effective system for release and delivery of bacteriophage S1 against Salmonella Enteritidis with potential use in the poultry sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Gomez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, 1001 University Avenue, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (J.G.-G.); (N.S.-A.); (M.G.B.-P.); (E.H.-B.)
| | | | - Nallelyt Segundo-Arizmendi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, 1001 University Avenue, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (J.G.-G.); (N.S.-A.); (M.G.B.-P.); (E.H.-B.)
| | - Miriam G. Baron-Pichardo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, 1001 University Avenue, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (J.G.-G.); (N.S.-A.); (M.G.B.-P.); (E.H.-B.)
| | - Susana E. Mendoza-Elvira
- Laboratory of Virology Postgraduate Field 1, Cuautitlán School of Higher Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 1st May Avenue, Sta María Guadalupe las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico;
| | - Efren Hernandez-Baltazar
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, 1001 University Avenue, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (J.G.-G.); (N.S.-A.); (M.G.B.-P.); (E.H.-B.)
| | - Alexander P. Hynes
- Departament of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.P.H.); (O.T.-A.); Tel.: +1-905-525-9140 (ext. 28155) (A.P.H.); +52-777-3-29-70-00 (ext. 3373) (O.T.-A.)
| | - Oscar Torres-Angeles
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, 1001 University Avenue, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (J.G.-G.); (N.S.-A.); (M.G.B.-P.); (E.H.-B.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.H.); (O.T.-A.); Tel.: +1-905-525-9140 (ext. 28155) (A.P.H.); +52-777-3-29-70-00 (ext. 3373) (O.T.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu Z, Yang H, Han H, Jia D, Xu L, Su G, Wang Z. Effect of whole-grain rice on pellet quality, geese performance, and economic benefits. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Marx F, Massuquetto A, Bassi L, Krabbe E, Rocha C, Oliveira S, Maiorka A. Different soybean meal particle sizes on growth performance, nutrient ileal digestibility, digestible energy, and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Ovi F, Hauck R, Grueber J, Mussini F, Pacheco W. Effects of prepelleting whole corn inclusion on feed particle size, pellet quality, growth performance, carcass yield, and digestive organ development and intestinal microbiome of broilers between 14 and 42 d of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
20
|
Córdova-Noboa HA, Oviedo-Rondón EO, Ortiz A, Matta Y, Hoyos S, Buitrago GD, Martinez JD, Yanquen J, Peñuela L, Sorbara JOB, Cowieson AJ. Corn drying temperature, particle size, and amylase supplementation influence growth performance, digestive tract development, and nutrient utilization of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5681-5696. [PMID: 33142486 PMCID: PMC7647712 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler live performance may be influenced by postharvest corn drying temperature, and results could depend on particle size after grinding. The supplementation with an exogenous amylase may improve performance parameters, but responses to enzymes are also affected by particle size. Two parallel experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hard-kernel corn dried at 2 temperatures (35°C and 120°C), ground at 2 particle sizes (coarse or fine), and 3 supplementation levels (0, 133, and 266 g ton-1) of an exogenous amylase on live performance, gastrointestinal organ development, energy utilization, and nutrient digestibility. Twelve dietary treatments resulting from a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of drying temperature, particle size, and amylase supplementation were evaluated in both experiments. A total of 1,920 day-old male chicks were randomly allocated to 96 floor pens, while 480 chicks were distributed among 4 battery brooder units. Ileal and fecal samples were collected to determine energy utilization and nutrient digestibility using titanium dioxide as inert marker. At 42 D, organs were collected, and relative weight or length was determined. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA in a randomized complete block design. Feeding fine corn-based diets showed improvements on live performance for both studies. At 40 D, supplementing 266 g ton-1 of amylase improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) by 1 point compared to chickens that consumed nonsupplemented diets and feed with amylase at 133 g ton-1. Broilers fed coarse corn-based diets had heavier gizzard (P < 0.001) and liver (P < 0.05) than chickens that consumed fine corn-based diets. In addition, starch digestibility was improved by amylase (P < 0.05) at 133 g ton-1 and by feeding coarse corn-based diets (P = 0.06). For chicks raised in cages (16 D), AMEn was increased (P < 0.01) by amylase supplementation regardless of its inclusion level. In conclusion, drying temperature and particle size interactions influenced broiler live performance, gastrointestinal organ development, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization, and these parameters were improved by supplementing amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar O Oviedo-Rondón
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
| | - Andrés Ortiz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Yilmar Matta
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Hoyos
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Gherly D Buitrago
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Juan D Martinez
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Jose Yanquen
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Lina Peñuela
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; University of Tolima, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Idan F, Nortey T, Paulk C, Beyer R, Stark C. Evaluating the effect of feeding starters crumbles on the overall performance of broilers raised for 42 days. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
22
|
Perera WNU, Abdollahi MR, Zaefarian F, Wester TJ, Ravindran V. The interactive influence of barley particle size and enzyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphometry of broiler starters. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4466-4478. [PMID: 32867990 PMCID: PMC7598099 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of barley particle size and enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and intestinal morphometry of broiler starters (day 1–21) fed pelleted barley-based diets was evaluated. Two barley particle sizes (fine and coarse) and 4 enzyme treatments (nonsupplemented [control], carbohydrase [0.15 g/kg of feed; Carb], phytase [0.10 g/kg; Phy] and combination of carbohydrase and phytase [0.15 and 0.10 g/kg, respectively; Carb + Phy]) were evaluated in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Fine and coarse barley particles were achieved by grinding whole barley in a hammer mill to pass through 2.0 and 8.0 mm screens, respectively. A total of 384, 1-day-old male broilers (8 birds/cage; 6 cages/treatment) were used. Supplemental enzymes tended (P = 0.056) to increase the weight gain of birds with a synergetic effect from Carb + Phy. The response of feed intake to supplemental enzymes interacted (P < 0.05) with barley particle size, as Phy increased feed intake only in fine barley diets. Both coarse particles and supplemental Carb, either individually or in combination with Phy, reduced feed per gain (P < 0.001). Digestibility of DM, nitrogen, and fat was greater in birds fed coarse barley diets (P < 0.05). Dry matter, starch, fat, and phosphorus digestibility values were improved by supplemental enzymes (P < 0.05). Coarse barley (P < 0.05) and Carb (P < 0.001), either individually or in combination, increased the AMEn. Coarse barley reduced the gizzard pH (P < 0.001). Birds fed diets with supplemental enzymes had shorter jejunum (P < 0.05). Neither the barley particle size nor supplemental enzymes (P > 0.05) affected the jejunal digesta viscosity. In summary, feeding coarse barley particles and supplemental Carb improved the feed efficiency and nutrient and energy utilization. The effects of barley particle size on measured parameters suggest that the particle size effect was preserved even after pelleting. The combination of Carb and Phy tended to improve the weight gain but caused no further improvements in nutrient utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W N U Perera
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M R Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - F Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - T J Wester
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - V Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rubio A, Hess J, Berry W, Dozier W, Pacheco W. Effects of corn particle size on broiler performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
24
|
Massuquetto A, Panisson JC, Marx FO, Surek D, Krabbe EL, Maiorka A. Effect of pelleting and different feeding programs on growth performance, carcass yield, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5497-5503. [PMID: 30995321 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different feeding programs and pelleting on performance, nutrient digestibility, ileal digestible energy (IDE); and carcass yield of broilers from 21 to 35 d of age. In total, 768 male broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 16 birds each. The treatments were mash and pelleted diets provided ad libitum, or pelleted and supplied at the same rate (100%) or restricted at 95, 90, and 85% (P100, P95, P90, and P85) of the amount consumed by the birds fed mash diet ad libitum. When supplied ad libitum, the pelleted diet had the highest feed intake and weight gain (WG), better feed conversion ratio (FCR), better feed conversion adjusted for 2.3 kg (AdjFCR, P < 0.001) and caloric conversion (P < 0.001); and higher amount of abdominal fat (P < 0.001) when compared to the control (mash ad libitum). However, there were no effects on nutrient digestibility (P > 0.05). When the pelleted feed was provided in the same amount as in the control group, there were no differences in any of the evaluated parameters (P > 0.05). Limiting pelleted diet to 95, 90, and 85% of free choice mash diet resulted in lower WG (P < 0.001). P90 and P95 treatments resulted in higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility and IDE in relation to the others (P < 0.001). Carcass yield was reduced (P < 0.05) in the birds fed P85 diet. The regression analysis between P100, P95, P90, and P85 showed a linear reduction in WG when restriction was increased (P < 0.01); however, there was a linear increase in the nutrient digestibility (P < 0.001). It is concluded that pelleting improves broiler performance, but these results depend on feed intake. The higher intake provided by pelleting can increase the amount of abdominal fat. Feed intake reduction can result in lower performance and lower carcass and cuts yield in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Massuquetto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Josiane C Panisson
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Francielle O Marx
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Diego Surek
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Maiorka
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80035-050, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi MH, Moravej H, Shivazad M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Kim WK. Effect of different types and levels of fat addition and pellet binders on physical pellet quality of broiler feeds. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4745-4754. [PMID: 31002110 PMCID: PMC6748744 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different types and levels of mixer-added fat (soybean oil: SO and calcium fat powder: CFP) and pellet binders (PBs: calcium lignosulfonate (CaLS) and bentonite (Ben)) on physical pellet quality (PPQ) parameters. PPQ included pellet durability index (PDI), pellet hardness, and pellet length of broiler diets processed under short-term conditioning. The first experiment had 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 types (SO and CFP) and 2 levels (1.5 and 3%) of mixer-added fat. In the second experiment, 22 treatments, combinations of 2 types of mixer-added fat (SO and CFP) at 3 levels (0, 1.5 and 3%) and 2 types of PB (CaLS = 0, 0.5, and 1% and Ben = 0, 1, and 2%), were arranged by a completely randomized design. PDI was measured by 2 devices: Pfost Tumbling box (PDIT) and Holmen NHP tester (PDIH). The results showed that the diets containing 1.5% CFP without PB had significant differences in all PPQ parameters. The results revealed that adding 0.5% CaLS to the 3% SO diets significantly enhanced PDIH, pellet hardness, and pellet length compared to other treatments. Moreover, 1.5% CFP diets with 2% Ben had significantly higher PDIT, PDIH, and pellet hardness among the treatments. Based on contour plots, different levels of Ben in the diets containing SO failed to create optimum PDIT values (>96%). However, 1.5 to 2.50% CFP diets without Ben had the optimum PDIT values. The optimum PDIT value was achieved by the diets containing 3% SO in the range of 0.21 to 0.56% CaLS. Furthermore, adding 0.5% CaLS to the diets containing less than 2.86% SO resulted in suboptimal PDIT values (<96%). The diets containing 1.5 to 2.50% CFP without CaLS had the optimum PDIT values. However, increasing CaLS levels more than 0.38% led to suboptimal PDIT values. Overall, these results indicated that the selection of appropriate PBs should be based on type and level of mixer-added fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Moravej
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 31585-4111, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shivazad
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 31585-4111, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Particle size and feed form in broiler diets: impact on gastrointestinal tract development and gut health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Jiménez-Moreno E, González-Alvarado J, de Coca-Sinova A, Lázaro R, Cámara L, Mateos G. Insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellets diets for young broilers. 2. Effects on gastrointestinal tract development and nutrient digestibility. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2531-2547. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
30
|
Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi MH, Moravej H, Shivazad M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Kim WK. Effects of feed form and particle size, and pellet binder on performance, digestive tract parameters, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora populations in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1432-1440. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
31
|
Velayudhan DE, Mejicanos GA, Nyachoti CM. Evaluation of pea protein isolates as a protein source for broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:803-810. [PMID: 30321430 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of including pea protein isolate (PPI) in diets for broilers on performance, visceral organ weights, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 192 day-old chicks were assigned to 4 diets with 6 birds per cage and 8 replicates per treatment for a 21-d study. The diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with 0, 5, 10, or 15% of PPI. Total BW and feed disappearance were monitored weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion ratio per cage basis. Excreta samples were collected during the last 3 d of the experiment to determine the apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of protein and energy. On day 21, 3 birds from each cage were euthanized to collect ileal digesta to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and amino acids (AA), and visceral organs were weighed. Increasing dietary inclusion of PPI resulted in a linear decrease in overall ADFI (P = 0.002) and ADG (P = 0.001), and a linear increase in feed conversion ratio (P = 0.013). Dietary PPI quadratically increased (P = 0.005) the spleen weight. The weight of proventriculus showed both linear (P = 0.023) and quadratic (P = 0.005) reduction while the weight of gizzard was quadratically reduced (P = 0.002) with the increase in dietary PPI content. Weights of small and large intestine showed both linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) reduction with increasing dietary PPI content. An increase in the dietary level of PPI resulted in a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05) in ATTR of DM and CP. The AID of His, Asp, Glu, Gly, and Ser showed a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05), Tyr a linear reduction (P = 0.031) and Cys and Pro both linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) reduction with dietary inclusion of PPI. In conclusion, formulating diets with increasing PPI linearly decreased the growth performance of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Velayudhan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - G A Mejicanos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abou-Kassem DE, Ashour EA, Alagawany M, Mahrose KM, Rehman ZU, Ding C. Effect of feed form and dietary protein level on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing geese. Poult Sci 2019; 98:761-770. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
33
|
Rodrigues I, Choct M. The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3188-3206. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
34
|
Whole sorghum inclusion and feed form on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2018.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA total of 432, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned as a 2 × 4 factorial design (pellet or mash and 0, 25, 50, and 75% whole sorghum levels) in a completely randomised experiment, having six replicates with nine birds per replicate. Body weight and feed intake were measured on a pen basis at 10, 25, and 35 days of age and feed conversion ratio calculated. Pelleting diets significantly improved (P<0.05) feed intake, body weight and carcass yield of broiler chickens at 10 and 24 days of age. Heavier relative gizzard weights with lower pH (P<0.05) were recorded for broiler chickens offered mash diets at 35 days old. Feed conversion ratio at 35 days of age increased (P<0.035, quadratic effect) with higher levels of whole sorghum and levelled off at 75% inclusion rates. Relative gizzard weight at 35 days was marginally increased (P<0.033, linear effect) in line with rising sorghum levels. Similarly, relative bursa and liver weights at 35 days increased (P<0.037, quadratic effect and P<0.033, linear effect, respectively) with sorghum inclusion. The results showed that pelleted diets gave superior performance compared to mash diets. Although higher levels of sorghum inclusion in mash diets enhanced gizzard development, performance parameters of birds at 35 days of age were poorer, with 125 g less body weight and an increase in FCR from 1.51 to 1.62 for the 0% and 75% sorghum levels respectively.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdollahi M, Zaefarian F, Ravindran V. Feed intake response of broilers: Impact of feed processing. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Ramachandraiah K, Choi MJ, Hong GP. Micro- and nano-scaled materials for strategy-based applications in innovative livestock products: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Kheravii S, Swick R, Choct M, Wu SB. Dietary sugarcane bagasse and coarse particle size of corn are beneficial to performance and gizzard development in broilers fed normal and high sodium diets. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4006-4016. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
38
|
da Silva PG, Oliveira LMS, de Oliveira NR, de Moura Júnior FA, Silva MRS, Cordeiro DA, Minafra CS, Dos Santos FR. Effects of processing, particle size and moisturizing of sorghum-based feeds on pellet quality and broiler production. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:98-105. [PMID: 28920405 PMCID: PMC5756930 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of pelleted and expanded sorghum-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels and particle size of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. Methods The experiment was performed with 720 male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain, with treatments of six replications, with 15 birds each; they were arranged in a completely randomized design and 2×2×2 factorial scheme (pelleted or expanded feed processing, 0.8% or 1.6% moisture addition in the mixer, and particle size of 650 or 850 microns). Results Higher pellet quality (pellets, % and pellet durability index [PDI]) was obtained in expanded diets and inclusion of 1.6% moisture. The particle size of 850 microns increased the PDI of final diet. All studied treatments had no significant effect on weight gain and broiler carcass and cut yields. Lower feed conversion occurred for birds fed pelleted feed at 42 d. The highest apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of feed in the initial rearing phase (10 to 13 days) were observed in birds fed pelleted feed or for feed prepared with 1.6% moisture. The highest ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids were obtained with the consumption of pelleted feed prepared with a particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture. Conclusion Pelleted feed prepared with a milling particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture provided increased ileal digestibility of amino acids and AMEn in the starter period. However, the expanded feed improved pellet quality and feed conversion of broilers at 42 days of age. We conclude that factors such as moisture, particle size and processing affect the pellet quality, and therefore should be considered when attempting to optimize broiler performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deibity Alves Cordeiro
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Goiás 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Cibele Silva Minafra
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, Goiás 75901-970, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kheravii SK, Swick RA, Choct M, Wu SB. Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
40
|
Foltz K, Glover B, Moritz J. Effect of supplemental zinc source and corn particle size on 40-day broiler performance. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Farghly MF, Mahrose KM. The response of growing native turkeys to different feed colours and forms. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e69-e76. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Farghly
- Poultry Production Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Kh. M. Mahrose
- Poultry Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Naderinejad S, Zaefarian F, Abdollahi M, Hassanabadi A, Kermanshahi H, Ravindran V. Influence of feed form and particle size on performance, nutrient utilisation, and gastrointestinal tract development and morphometry in broiler starters fed maize-based diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Lv M, Yan L, Wang Z, An S, Wu M, Lv Z. Effects of feed form and feed particle size on growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestive tract development of broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:252-256. [PMID: 29767169 PMCID: PMC5945933 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed form (mash and crumble-pellet) and feed particle size (fine, medium and coarse) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestive tract development of broilers. A total of 1,152 one day-old Ross 308 mixed-sex broilers were used in a factorial arrangement (2 × 3) based on a completely randomized design with six replicates of 32 birds each. Higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were observed (P < 0.01) for birds fed the crumble-pellet diets (CPD) than for those fed the mash diets (MD) during starter, grower and the entire experiment period. From d 1 to 40, birds fed CPD had a higher (P < 0.01) body weight (BW) than those fed MD. Birds fed CPD had a lower (P < 0.01) feed:gain ratio (F:G) during the starter phase than those fed MD. Medium or coarse particle size increased (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI during the starter phase, but birds fed fine particle size diets had lower (P < 0.01) F:G during the grower phase. In MD, medium and coarse particle sizes resulted in higher (P < 0.05) BW, ADG and ADFI than fine particle size during the whole experiment. In CPD, particle size had no significant effect on growth performance, as indicated by a feed form × particle size interaction (P < 0.05). At 41 days of age, ten birds per treatment were randomly selected and killed for slaughter yields and digestive tract characteristics determination. It was shown that particle size and feed form alone had no significant effect on slaughter yields, so changes was the feed form × particle size interaction. The relative empty weight of the gizzard was greater (P < 0.01) and the relative length of the ileum was longer (P < 0.05) in birds fed MD than in those fed CPD. Overall, CPD improved growth performance during the entire period of the study with effects being less evident during the finisher phase than during the starter and grower phases, and the effect of feed particle size varied depending on feed form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbin Lv
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Wang
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| | - Sha An
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| | - Zunzhou Lv
- Technical Department, New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Nonghaiyuan, No.362, Eastern Hongkong Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu Y, Stark C, Ferket P, Williams C, Auttawong S, Brake J. Effects of dietary coarsely ground corn and litter type on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and intestinal morphology. Poult Sci 2015; 94:353-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
45
|
Xu Y, Stark C, Ferket P, Williams C, Nusairat B, Brake J. Evaluation of litter type and dietary coarse ground corn inclusion on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, and litter characteristics. Poult Sci 2015; 94:362-70. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Lamichhane S, Sahtout K, Smillie J, Scott T. Vacuum coating of pelleted feed for broilers: Opportunities and challenges. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Xu Y, Stark CR, Ferket PR, Williams CM, Pacheco WJ, Brake J. Effect of dietary coarsely ground corn on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and digesta particle size distribution and retention time. Poult Sci 2015; 94:53-60. [PMID: 25568134 PMCID: PMC4988542 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary structural material has been reported to improve broiler live performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function. In this 50 d cage study, the effects of coarsely ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and digesta particle size distribution and retention time were investigated. This study included 3 CC inclusions (0, 25, and 50% fine corn [FC] replaced by CC), with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 42 d was improved (P<0.01) as the dietary inclusion of CC increased without effect on feed intake. The 50% CC diet increased absolute and relative gizzard weight at 42 d of age as compared to diets with 0 and 25% CC (P<0.01). Dietary CC increased absolute proventriculus weight at 28 d of age (P<0.05). A numerically lower gizzard digesta pH (P<0.08) was observed at 28 d but not 42 d of age, and there was no difference in proventriculus, jejunum, or ileum digesta pH at 28 or 42 d of age. The 25 and 50% CC treatments increased the digesta retention time at 30 and 45 d of age (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The 25 and 50% CC treatments improved AID of energy by 7.1 and 8.2%, respectively, when compared with the 0% CC treatment, and they improved AID of N by 12.2 and 12.4%, respectively (P<0.01). The digesta particles in the jejunum exhibited a similar distribution, with a dgw (geometric mean diameter by mass) of 218, 204, and 181 μm when 0, 25, of 50% CC diets were consumed, respectively. In conclusion, birds fed pelleted and screened diets that contained 25 and 50% CC exhibited increased BW, improved FCR, and increased AID of energy and N, which was probably due to enhanced gizzard development and greater digesta retention time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - C R Stark
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - P R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - C M Williams
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - W J Pacheco
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - J Brake
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| |
Collapse
|