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Parsons BW, Rochell SJ. Determination of phytic acid disappearance, ileal P digestibility at different dietary Ca levels, and relative P bioavailability in soybean meal, canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles, corn fermented protein, and wheat middlings. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104037. [PMID: 39098300 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate P utilization in soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn fermented protein (CFP), and wheat middlings (WM) using different assays. In Experiment 1, phytic acid disappearance (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis; InsP6D) and inositol phosphate disappearance (InsP-PD) were determined using precision-fed cecectomized Leghorn roosters. Roosters were precision-fed 20 to 25 g of SBM, CM, DDGS, CFP, and WM. In Experiment 2, InsP6D, InsP-PD, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P at different Ca levels were determined using ad libitum-fed broiler chickens. Semi-purified cornstarch-dextrose-based diets containing SBM, CM, DDGS, CFP, and WM as the sole source of P were fed. All diets contained 0.21% P and limestone was added at the expense of dextrose to provide 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75% Ca. In Experiment 3, P bioavailability relative to KH2PO4 was determined based on tibia bone ash. Experiments contained 5 to 6 replicates per treatment. In Experiment 1 with precision-fed roosters, InsP6D and InsP-PD ranged from 8 to 71% among feedstuffs, with the lowest (P < 0.05) disappearance being observed in SBM. In Experiment 2 with ad libitum-fed chickens, there was a Ca × ingredient interaction (P < 0.05) whereby increasing Ca linearly decreased (P < 0.05) InsP6D, InsP-PD, and SID of P for all feedstuffs, excluding CFP. Estimated P digestibility calculated using InsP6D in Experiment 1 was in good agreement with SID in Experiment 2 determined at 0.75% Ca, except for SBM. In Experiment 3, regression of bone ash content (mg/tibia) on supplemental P intake yielded P bioavailability values ranging from 30 to 81% among feedstuffs relative to KH2PO4, with the highest (P < 0.05) bioavailability being observed for DDGS and CFP. In conclusion, 1) InsP6D in precision-fed roosters can provide preliminary indications of P digestibility in plant-based feedstuffs, 2) SID determined at 0.75% Ca was in good agreement with other bioassays, and 3) P in DDGS and CFP was highly available compared with other feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Parsons
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S J Rochell
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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2
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Haetinger VS, Sung JY, Adedokun SA, Dozier WA, Parsons CM, Rodehutscord M, Adeola O. Ileal phosphorus digestibility of soybean meal for broiler chickens remains consistent across institutions in a collaborative study regardless of non-phytate phosphorus concentration in the pre-experimental starter diet. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103602. [PMID: 38484566 PMCID: PMC10950890 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The same experimental protocol was used in 4 institutions to evaluate the impact of non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) concentration in the starter diet on regression method-derived ileal P digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) during the subsequent grower phase. A total of 1,536 Ross 308 male broiler chickens on d 0 post hatching were allotted to 2 pre-experimental starter diets that contained 3.5 or 4.5 g nPP/kg (96 replicate cages per diet, 8 birds per cage) for 18 d. Subsequently, 576 birds from each starter diet were selected and allocated to 3 experimental semi-purified grower diets containing 400, 510, or 620 g SBM/kg (32 replicate cages per diet, 6 birds per cage) for 3 d until collection of ileal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted as a randomized complete block design with the starter period as whole plot and the grower period as split-plot. The only significant 2-way interaction was between grower diet and experimental institution (P < 0.05) on BW gain and gain to feed ratio. The main effect of institution and grower diet impacted (P < 0.05) feed intake, the digestibility of DM, P, and calcium, and disappearance of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) in the grower diets. Birds fed the 3.5 g nPP/kg starter diet had lower (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake during the grower period, but presented higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of P and disappearance of InsP6 compared with the birds that were fed the 4.5 g nPP/kg starter diet. Regression method-derived ileal P digestibility of SBM was determined to be 46 or 42% for the respective 3.5 or 4.5 g nPP/kg pre-experimental starter diet and was not affected by the nPP concentration or by the institution. In conclusion, the experimental protocol used in the current study resulted in similar estimates across multiple institutions and is thus endorsed for future application in studies that aim to expand the database of digestible P content in plant source feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Haetinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Y Sung
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S A Adedokun
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W A Dozier
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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David LS, Anwar MN, Abdollahi MR, Bedford MR, Ravindran V. Calcium Nutrition of Broilers: Current Perspectives and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101590. [PMID: 37238019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) plays an essential role in poultry nutrition as 99% of Ca is located in birds' skeletal system. However, oversupply of Ca rather than deficiency of Ca is the current concern in commercial broiler diets. Calcium is an inexpensive dietary nutrient due to the cheap and abundant availability of limestone, the major Ca source; therefore, little attention was given to the oversupply of Ca in the past. The recent shift in the use of digestible P in broiler feed formulations has necessitated a closer look at digestible Ca, as Ca and P are interrelated in their absorption and postabsorptive utilisation. In this context, data on ileal digestibility of Ca and P in ingredients has been determined. Preliminary data on the digestible Ca and digestible P requirements for the different growth stages of broilers have also recently become available. The present review focusses on these recent advances in Ca nutrition. In addition, aspects of homeostatic control mechanisms, different Ca sources and factors influencing Ca digestibility in poultry are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Shiromi David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - M Naveed Anwar
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Van Den Brink Poultry Ltd., Christchurch 7677, New Zealand
| | - M Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Novotny M, Sommerfeld V, Krieg J, Kühn I, Huber K, Rodehutscord M. Mucosal phosphatase activity, phytate degradation, and mineral digestibility in 6-week-old turkeys and broilers at different dietary levels of phosphorus and phytase and comparison with 3-week-old animals. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102476. [PMID: 36716675 PMCID: PMC9922952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Female turkeys (B.U.T. 6) and broilers (Ross 308) were compared at 6 wk of age to evaluate the effects of species, dietary P, Ca, and phytase levels on myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) degradation along the digestive tract, gut mucosal phosphatase activity, P and Ca digestibility, and myo-inositol concentrations in the digesta and blood. The environmental conditions and experimental corn-soybean meal-based diets were the same for both species. Four diets with either combination of 2 levels of P and Ca (CaP-: 4.0 g P/kg, 5.4 g Ca/kg and CaP+: 6.0 g P/kg, 8.0 g Ca/kg) and 2 levels of phytase supplementation (0 and 1,500 FTU/kg) were fed to the animals for 7 d at their sixth wk of age. Each diet was randomly assigned to 6 pens per species, with 10 birds each. After slaughter, blood, digesta from the crop, gizzard, duodenum, lower ileum, and jejunal mucosa were collected. Endogenous mucosal phosphatase activity in the jejunum was higher in turkeys than in broilers. Prececal InsP6 disappearance was also higher in turkeys than in broilers when phytase was not supplemented. Phytase supplementation led to a higher prececal InsP6 disappearance in broilers than in turkeys, likely due to different crop conditions such as moisture content. However, prececal P digestibility was higher in turkeys than broilers. Different relationships between myo-inositol concentration in the ileum digesta and blood were found, depending on the species. A comparison of the results with those obtained in 3-wk-old birds of a companion study showed that in diets with low Ca and P levels, prececal InsP6 disappearance increased with age in turkeys, but not in broilers. This coincided with changes in the conditions of the digestive tract, such as the water content in the crop, gizzard pH, and mucosal phosphatase activity. In conclusion, occurrence of differences in phytate degradation between turkeys and broilers, fed the same feed, depended on age and can be explained by different physiological development of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Novotny
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krieg
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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A Feed Additive Containing Encapsulated 6-Phytase within Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica Cells Produced by Cultivation on Fat-Containing Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Feed phytases are purchased as a dry culture medium of secreting producers, mostly micellar fungi. These preparations are required to withstand heating up to 75–80 °C because they are intended for mixing with feed components with subsequent granulation by spray drying. For this reason, many phytases that have a high specific activity at 37 °C and correspond to the optimal pH of intestinal chyme are not used in practice. A novel expression system allowing accumulation of the phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus within yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was proposed. Encapsulation increases thermal stability of the enzyme from 55 °C up to 70 °C. The obtained preparation exhibited a high impact on the daily weight gain of a weaned mouse model fed a phosphorus-deficient diet at a dosage 165 phytase activity units (FYT)/kg, whereas a commercial phytase preparation—Ladozyme Proxi derived from Aspergillus ficuum—did not improve the daily weight gain even at the dosage of 15,000 FYT/kg.
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Shi CX, Lv XL, Wu LH, Liu MY, He L, Zhang TY, Qiao YY, Hao JF, Wang G, Cui YY, Qu HX, Zhang CM, Yang GL, Zhang JL, Kang XT, Han JC. High Doses of Phytase Alleviate the Negative Effects of Calcium and Phosphorus Imbalance on Growth Performance and Bone Mineralization in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CX Shi
- Henan Agricultural University, China; Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - XL Lv
- Henan Agricultural University, China; Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - LH Wu
- Henan Agricultural University, China; Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - MY Liu
- Henan Agricultural University, China; Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - L He
- Shangqiu Normal University, China; Henan Normal University, China
| | | | - YY Qiao
- Sumy National Agrarian University, Ukraine
| | - JF Hao
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - G Wang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - YY Cui
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - HX Qu
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - CM Zhang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - GL Yang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - JL Zhang
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
| | - XT Kang
- Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - JC Han
- Shangqiu Normal University, China
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Influence of dietary phosphorus concentrations on the performance of rearing pigeons (Columba livia), and bone properties of squabs. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101744. [PMID: 35220034 PMCID: PMC8881650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary P levels on the performance of rearing pigeons, and bone characteristics of squabs from 7 to 21 d of age. A total of 192 pairs of adult Silver King pigeons (40 wk of age) were used. The pigeons were randomly allocated to one of 4 treatment groups, each consisting of eight replicates of 6 pigeon pairs per replicate. Dietary treatments included the basal diet (containing 0.3% of P), the basal diet supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8% inorganic P. And the dietary Ca content was kept at 1.40% across all treatments. The experimental diets were fed to parent pigeons as corn-soybean complete pellet feed, and squabs fed with crop milk secreted by parent pigeons. Pigeons in the group of 0.4% supplemental non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) had shorter (P = 0.045) oviposition interval than those in the control group and group of 0.8% NPP. When the diet was supplemented with 0.8% of NPP, the least average egg weight was observed (P = 0.006). Female breeding birds had much higher (P < 0.01) Ca, P, and ALP in serum than male ones. At 7-d of age, dietary P supplementation influenced P and Ca content in tibia ash of squabs (P < 0.05). The tibia ash Ca content in the group of 0.2% NPP was the highest among the treatments (P = 0.007). At d 21 of age, both the birds in the group of 0.4 and 0.8% NPP had higher tibia breaking strength (P < 0.01) and tibia ash contents (P < 0.001) compared to the ones in the control group. In conclusion, the P deficiency in the diet of parent pigeons could cause poor bone mineralization of squabs, especially impaired the bone-breaking strength and bone ash content. The 0.8% of NPP supplementation in the diet has a positive influence on mineralization of squabs although production depression was observed. Both P and Ca metabolism of female breeding birds were more active than male ones at earlier time points of rearing period. The desirable supplemental NPP level in diet for breeding pigeon was 0.4% according to the performance data in the present trial. The recommended Ca: P ratio for pigeons, which was different from the optimum value for broilers, needs to be studied in the future.
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Kriseldi R, Walk CL, Bedford MR, Dozier WA. Inositol and gradient phytase supplementation in broiler diets during a 6-week production period: 2. Effects on phytate degradation and inositol liberation in gizzard and ileal digesta contents. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100899. [PMID: 33518315 PMCID: PMC7936141 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary phytase and inositol supplementation on phytate degradation in gizzard and ileal digesta contents of broilers from 1 to 43 d of age. One thousand nine hundred and twenty Yield Plus × Ross 708 male chicks were placed in 64 floor pens (30 birds/pen). Each pen received 1 of 8 dietary treatments from 1 to 43 d of age. Treatment 1 was formulated to contain 0.165 and 0.150% lower calcium and phosphorus, respectively, than treatment 7. Treatments 2 to 6 were formulated by adding phytase at 500, 1,500, 4,500, 13,500, and 40,500 phytase units (FTU)/kg, respectively, to treatment 1. Treatment 8 was established by adding inositol to treatment 7 based on the maximum inositol liberation in treatment 6. At 15, 29, and 43 d of age, gizzard contents, ileal digesta, and blood were collected for analysis of inositol and inositol phosphate (IP) 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 concentrations. Increasing phytase from 0 to 40,500 FTU/kg resulted in log-quadratic reductions (P < 0.01) of inositol pentaphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations in the gizzard and ileal digesta contents of broilers at 15, 29, and 43 d of age. The increase in phytase doses in treatments 1 to 6 reduced IP3 and IP4 concentrations in a log-quadratic manner (P < 0.05) at each collection period in gizzard contents but only at 43 d of age in the ileal digesta of broilers (P < 0.01). Log-quadratic increases (P < 0.05) of inositol concentrations were observed in gizzard and ileal digesta contents when increasing phytase activity from 0 to 40,500 FTU/kg at each collection period, which translated to a log-quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in plasma inositol concentration of broilers at 15, 29, and 43 d of age. Phytase supplementation up to 40,500 FTU/kg may benefit broilers by reducing phytate concentrations in the gizzard and ileal digesta contents. Moreover, inositol release in the ileal digesta may translate to increased plasma inositol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kriseldi
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - C L Walk
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - W A Dozier
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
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Effect of age and dietary crude protein content on the apparent ileal calcium digestibility of limestone in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Majeed S, Qudsieh R, Edens FW, Brake J. Limestone particle size, calcium and phosphorus levels, and phytase effects on live performance and nutrients digestibility of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1502-1514. [PMID: 32111318 PMCID: PMC7587709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Limestone particle size (PS) affects its solubility and thus can influence broiler performance by altering the rate of calcium (Ca) release into the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this research was to determine, using 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, the influence of PS (fine and coarse) and supplemented phytase (0 and 1,000 FYT/kg) in diets formulated with 2 Ca and Pi levels (positive control [PC]; negative control [NC]) on live performance, bone ash, and apparent ileal nutrients digestibility (AID). Starter PC: 0.9 Ca and 0.45 Pi; NC: 0.72 Ca and 0.03 Pi. Grower PC: 0.76 Ca and 0.38 Pi; NC: 0.58 Ca and 0.23 Pi. The 8 diets were assigned randomly to a total of 1,512 birds, with 21 birds per pen and 9 pens per treatment. The main effects of PS and Ca and Pi levels had no influence on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), or feed conversion ratio. Adding phytase improved BWG by 8 g and 50 g and FI by 25 g and 56 g at 0–14 D (P ≤ 0.05) and 0–35 D (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Interaction between Ca and Pi levels and phytase improved BWG and FI for 0–14 D (P ≤ 0.05) and BWG during 15–28 D (P ≤ 0.05) for PC without phytase and for PC and NC with phytase when compared with NC without phytase. Birds fed PC without phytase, or either PC or NC with phytase were about 96 g heavier than NC without phytase. Birds fed either PC or NC diet with coarse limestone or PC with fine limestone gained approximately 14 g more (P ≤ 0.05) than birds fed NC with fine limestone for BWG at 0–14 D (P ≤ 0.05). Phytase increased tibia bone ash (14 D) by 1% (P ≤ 0.05). AID of Ca and Pi at 14 D was improved (P ≤ 0.05) by 66% when phytase was added to coarse limestone. Results indicate that phytase improved broiler performance without being affected by PS. Furthermore, phytase had greater influence on coarse limestone than on fine limestone for bone ash and AID. Ca and Pi levels were the most influential factors in determining bone ash although phytase inclusion could lead to an improvement during early days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Majeed
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - R Qudsieh
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
| | - F W Edens
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - J Brake
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
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Effects of Adding Phytase from Aspergillus niger to a Low Phosphorus Diet on Growth Performance, Tibia Characteristics, Phosphorus Excretion, and Meat Quality of Broilers 35 days after hatching. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:28-36. [PMID: 32174762 PMCID: PMC7063074 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of phytase extracted from Aspergillus niger (Natuphos® E) on growth performance, bone mineralization, phosphorous excretion, and meat quality parameters in broilers fed available phosphorous (aP)-deficient diet. In total, 810 one-day-old Indian River broilers were randomly allotted into one of three dietary treatments, with six replicates per treatment. The three dietary treatments were 1) control group (CON: basal diet with sufficient aP), 2) low phytase (LPY: available phosphorus-deficient diet supplemented with 0.01% phytase), and 3) high phytase (HPY: available phosphorus-deficient diet supplemented with 0.02% phytase). Average daily gain and, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured for 35 days. Excreta were collected from each pen on day 35. One broiler from each cage was euthanized to collect visceral organs and tibia samples. Broiler chickens fed LPY and HPY showed improved (P<0.05) growth performance compared to broilers fed CON on day 35. The tibia length of HPY-fed broilers was more than those of broilers fed other diets on day 35 (P<0.05). However, tibia calcium and phosphorous contents in LPY-fed broilers was higher (P<0.05) than in CON and HPY-fed broilers. Tibia length and calcium and phosphorous content showed a positive correlation (P<0.05) with the weight gain of broilers on day 35. Phosphorous level in the excreta of LPY- and HPY-fed broilers was lesser than those of CON broilers on day 35 (P<0.05). Furthermore, HPY-fed broilers showed lower (P<0.05) phosphorous content in the excreta than LPY-fed broilers. LPY- and HPY-fed broilers showed higher (P<0.05) liver weight than the CON broilers. In conclusion, broilers fed aP-deficient diet supplemented with phytase from Aspergillus excreted less phosphorus, which enhanced growth performance and tibia development from time of hatching to day 35 post-hatching.
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12
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Vieira MS, Pereira VV, da Cunha Morales Álvares A, Nogueira LM, Lima WJN, Granjeiro PA, Gonçalves DB, Campos-da-Paz M, de Freitas SM, Galdino AS. Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Yersinia intermedia Phytase Expressed in Escherichia coli. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2018; 10:131-139. [PMID: 30516117 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666181205114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytases are enzymes capable of degrading phytic acid and used in animal feed supplementation in order to improve digestibility through the release of minerals such as phosphorus. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to express and characterize a Yersinia intermedia phytase expressed in Escherichia coli cells. METHODS The Y. intermedia phytase gene was synthesized and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. The phytase recombinante (rPHY) was purified to homogeneity using a Ni-NTA column. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the rPHY were measured in order to fully characterize the recombinant enzyme. The following patents database were consulted: Espacenet, USPTO, LATIPAT, Patent Scope, WIPO and Google Patents. RESULTS The results showed that the rPHY is active at 37-40ºC and presented an optimal pH and temperature of 8.0 and 40°C, respectively. The phytase rPHY was activated by Cu2+ ion and showed resistance to trypsin and pepsin, retaining 55% of the activity at the ratio of 0.02. Furthermore, the dissociation constant (Kd = 1.1150 ± 0.0087 mM), as estimated by a fluorescence binding assay, suggests a medium affinity of the enzyme with the substrate. CONCLUSION The results of this article can be considered as innovative and for this reason, they were protected by Intellectual Property Law in Brazil. Take together, the biochemical properties of the rPHY could be useful in future for its industrial application of this enzyme as an additive in the monogastric feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Vieira
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Vinícius V Pereira
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | | | - Lais M Nogueira
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - William J N Lima
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, 39404- 547, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Granjeiro
- Laboratorio de Processos Biotecnologicos e Purificacao de Macromoleculas, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Gonçalves
- Laboratorio de Processos Biotecnologicos e Purificacao de Macromoleculas, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos-da-Paz
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del- Rei, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sonia M de Freitas
- Laboratorio de BiofIsica, Universidade de BrasIlia, BrasIlia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro S Galdino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
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13
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Scholey D, Morgan N, Riemensperger A, Hardy R, Burton E. Effect of supplementation of phytase to diets low in inorganic phosphorus on growth performance and mineralization of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2435-2440. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Fujimoto H, Fujita N, Takada R. Effects of a rice diet and phytase addition on growth performance, tissue weights, phosphorus and nitrogen retention, and on liver threonine dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase activities in broiler chicks. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:770-776. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Ryozo Takada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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16
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Baradaran N, Shahir MH, Asadi Kermani Z. Subsequent bone and metabolic responses of broilers to high-non-phytate phosphorus diets in the starter period. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:435-441. [PMID: 28482677 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1327702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment was performed to elucidate the subsequent effects of high-non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on growth performance, blood metabolites, bone characteristics and P retention of broilers fed on low-NPP grower diets. The 42-d study was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial, which included two starter NPP concentrations (4.5 and 5.5 g/kg; d 0-21), two grower NPP concentrations (1.5 and 2.3 g/kg; d 22-42), with or without phytase (1000 FTU/kg), with a reference diet containing an adequate NPP concentration over the course of the trial. 2. In the starter period, growth performance and P retention were not affected by experimental diets. The high-NPP diet increased plasma P concentration, increased tibia ash and tibia P contents and decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at d 21. 3. No significant interaction was observed between NPP concentrations in the starter and grower periods and phytase. The main effect data indicated that the increase in NPP concentration in the starter diets had no effects on growth performance in the grower period and overall. The high-NPP diet in the early stage of growth reduced plasma P concentration, plasma ALP activity and tibia ash content at d 42. The main effect data also showed that exogenous phytase increased body weight gain in the grower period and overall. 4. It can be concluded that feeding increased NPP diets have no effects on growth performance in the starter period. This feeding strategy results in negative effects on plasma P concentration and bone ash content at d 42. Also, exogenous phytase is effective in improving growth performance, bone characteristics and apparent P retention of growing broilers fed diets that are inadequate in phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baradaran
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - M H Shahir
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Z Asadi Kermani
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , University of Zanjan , Zanjan , Iran
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17
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P and Ca digestibility is increased in broiler diets supplemented with the high-phytase HIGHPHY wheat. Animal 2017; 11:1457-1463. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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