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Chen KY, Chen YJ, Cheng CJ, Jhan KY, Wang LC. Excretory/secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae induce endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse astrocytes. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:317. [PMID: 32552877 PMCID: PMC7301976 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite. Humans are non-permissive hosts, and this parasite develops into fifth-stage larvae (L5) in the brain and subarachnoid cavity and then induces eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) are valuable targets for the investigation of host-parasite interactions. These products contain a wide range of molecules for penetrating defensive barriers and avoiding the immune response of the host. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found to be associated with a wide range of parasitic infections and inflammation. ER stress can increase cell survival via the activation of downstream signalling. However, the mechanisms of ER stress in A. cantonensis infection have not yet been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ER stress in astrocytes after treatment with the ESPs of A. cantonensis L5. RESULTS The results demonstrated that A. cantonensis infection activated astrocytes in the mouse hippocampus and induced the expression of ER stress-related molecules. Next, the data showed that the expression of ER stress-related molecules and the Ca2+ concentration were significantly increased in activated astrocytes after treatment with the ESPs of L5 of A. cantonensis. Ultimately, we found that ESPs induced GRP78 expression via the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in astrocytes, the ESPs of A. cantonensis L5 induce ER stress and that the Shh signalling pathway plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Choi H, Jung SK, Kim JS, Oh KB, Yang H, Lee G, Lee HC, Woo JS, Byun SJ. Chicken PRDX3 is required for proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:22-25. [PMID: 31615265 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1680799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. This experiment investigated the influence of chicken PRDX3 on cell proliferation in chick embryo fibroblast cells using PRDX3 knockdown technology.2. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of chPRDX3 knockdown on fibroblast proliferation. The antioxidant effect was investigated to determine if it directly mediated fibroblast cell proliferation.3. To determine the role of chPRDX3 on cell proliferation, an siRNA mediated knockdown was performed in chick fibroblast cells using an in vitro assay. The proliferation of fibroblast cells transfected with siPRDX3 #3 and siPRDX3 Mix was significantly decreased after 48 h (P < 0.01). In addition, the knockdown of chicken PRDX3 suppressed cell proliferation through an increase in oxidative stress.4. The results demonstrated that chPRDX3 is required for cell proliferation in chicken fibroblast cells. Such findings have important implications for the maintenance of chicken fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Jung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Oh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - G Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H-C Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - J-S Woo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Ibtisham F, Zhao Y, Nawab A, Liguang H, Wu J, Xiao M, Zhao Z, An L. The Effect of High Temperature on Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Anti-oxidant Status of Chicken Embryonic Fibroblast Cells. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Zhao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - A Nawab
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | | | - J Wu
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - M Xiao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
| | - L An
- Guangdong Ocean University, China
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Casas C. GRP78 at the Centre of the Stage in Cancer and Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:177. [PMID: 28424579 PMCID: PMC5380735 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein GRP78, also known as BiP and HSP5a, is a multifunctional protein with activities far beyond its well-known role in the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is activated after endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cells. Most of these newly discovered activities depend on its position within the cell. GRP78 is located mainly in the ER, but it has also been observed in the cytoplasm, the mitochondria, the nucleus, the plasma membrane, and secreted, although it is dedicated mostly to engage endogenous cytoprotective processes. Hence, GRP78 may control either UPR and macroautophagy or may activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pro-survival pathways. GRP78 influences how tumor cells survive, proliferate, and develop chemoresistance. In neurodegeneration, endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection are frequently insufficient or dysregulated. Lessons from tumor biology may give us clues about how boosting endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in age-related neurodegeneration. Herein, the functions of GRP78 are revealed at the center of the stage of apparently opposite sites of the same coin regarding cytoprotection: neurodegeneration and cancer. The goal is to give a comprehensive and critical review that may serve to guide future experiments to identify interventions that will enhance neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caty Casas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Ren C, Li X, Li X, Xie Y, Fu H, Yan Z, Zhu Y. RNAi of Grp78 may disturb the fusion of ICR mouse palate cultured in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:196-204. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117692132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence or minimize gene expression, and palate culture in vitro is an important technique for study of the palate development. Our previous study demonstrated that the gene expression of glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp78) was downregulation in the all-trans retinoic acid-induced mouse models of cleft palate (CP) during embryogenesis. To find the role of Grp78, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of this gene carried by fluorescent vector was injected with a microinjector, through which about 30 pmol siRNA was injected into the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse palate explants. After 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, these palate explants were removed from culture to observe their fluorescent and Alcian blue-staining phenotypes, and the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) key members (Grp78, Inositol-responsive enzyme 1, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, activating transcription factor-6 and X-box binding protein-1) was measured. After cultured for 72 h, the partially or completely fused bilateral palates were observed in the control siRNA group, while CPs were found in the Grp78 siRNA group. In the Grp78 siRNA group, the relatively mRNA abundance of the key genes belonged to UPR at each time point was lower than that of the control siRNA group, and their protein expression also displayed the same change. By the system of RNAi strategies with mouse palate culture, we found the siRNA of Grp78 disturbed the fusion of mouse palate cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ren
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic China
- School of medicine, Hunan normal University, Changsha 410013, PRC
| | - X Li
- Institute of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic China
| | - X Li
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou 215007, PRC
| | - Y Xie
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou 215007, PRC
| | - H Fu
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou 215007, PRC
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou 215007, PRC
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, No.100 Hospital of CPLA, Suzhou 215007, PRC
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