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Sahin O, Pang J, Pavlovic N, Tang Y, Adiguzel MC, Wang C, Zhang Q. A Longitudinal Study on Campylobacter in Conventionally Reared Commercial Broiler Flocks in the United States: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity. Avian Dis 2024; 67:317-325. [PMID: 38300653 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Poultry meat contaminated with Campylobacter, a major bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, is considered the primary source of human campylobacteriosis. Thus, reduction or elimination of Campylobacter in poultry production will have a significant impact on food safety and public health. Despite the significant progress made over the last decades, many puzzles remain about the epidemiology of Campylobacter on poultry farms, hampering the development of an effective control strategy. This longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in a U.S. commercial broiler production farm system. Cecal contents (15 samples/flock) and boot swabs (3 samples/flock) were collected from approximately 6-wk-old birds from 406 conventional broiler flocks reared in 53 houses on 15 farms (located within a relatively close geographic proximity and managed by the same poultry integrator) for up to eight consecutive production cycles and cultured for Campylobacter. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from the cecal contents. The prevalence of Campylobacter at the farm, house, and flock levels were found to be 93% (14/15), 79% (42/53), and 47% (192/406), respectively. Campylobacter prevalence varied remarkably among different farms and flocks, with some farms or houses testing consistently negative while others being positive all the time over the entire study period. Campylobacter isolation rate changed significantly by sample type (higher by cecal contents vs. boot swabs) and season/production cycle (higher in spring vs. other seasons). The majority (88%; 2364/2675) of the isolates were identified as C. jejuni, and almost all the rest (11%; 303/2675) were Campylobacter coli. Genotyping showed limited diversity within a flock and suggested persistence of some C. jejuni clones over multiple production cycles on the same farm. In conclusion, this study indicated that although Campylobacter prevalence was overall high, there were marked differences in the prevalence among the broiler flocks or farms tested. Future studies aimed at identification of potential risk factors associated with differential Campylobacter status are warranted in order to develop effective on-farm interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,
| | - Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Nada Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Tomino Y, Andoh M, Horiuchi Y, Shin J, Ai R, Nakamura T, Toda M, Yonemitsu K, Takano A, Shimoda H, Maeda K, Kodera Y, Oshima I, Takayama K, Inadome T, Shioya K, Fukazawa M, Ishihara K, Chuma T. Surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. in wild Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1287-1294. [PMID: 32655094 PMCID: PMC7538328 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing game meat consumption in Japan requires the dissemination of safety information regarding the presence of human pathogens in game animals. Health information regarding the suitability of these animals as a meat source is not widely available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate
the safety of game meat and detect potential human pathogens in wild deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa) in Japan. Fecal samples from 305 wild deer and 248 boars of Yamaguchi, Kagoshima, and Tochigi prefectures collected monthly for 2 years were
examined for the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter spp. STEC was isolated from 51 deer consistently throughout the year and from three boars; O-antigen genotype O146, the expression of stx2b, and
eaeA absence (n=33) were the major characteristics of our STEC isolates. Other serotypes included the medically important O157, stx2b or stx2c, and eaeA-positive (n=4) and O26, stx1a, and
eaeA-positive strains (n=1). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 17 deer and 31 boars. Campylobacter hyointestinalis was the most common species isolated from 17 deer and 25 boars, whereas Campylobacter lanienae and
Campylobacter coli were isolated from three and two boars, respectively. Seasonal trends for the isolation of these bacteria were not significant. This study demonstrates that wild game animals carry human pathogens; therefore, detailed knowledge of the safe handling of
game meat is needed to prevent foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tomino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masako Andoh
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuta Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jiye Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ai
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takaki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mizuki Toda
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yuuji Kodera
- Center for Weed and Wildlife Management, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takayasu Inadome
- General Incorporated Foundation Kagoshima Environmental Research and Service, 1-1-5 Nanatsujima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-0132, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shioya
- General Incorporated Foundation Kagoshima Environmental Research and Service, 1-1-5 Nanatsujima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-0132, Japan
| | - Motoki Fukazawa
- Tamagawa University Farm Kushi, Kagoshima, 880 Bonotsucho Kushi, Misamisatuma, Kagoshima 898-0211, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Ishihara K, Nakazawa C, Nomura S, Elahi S, Yamashita M, Fujikawa H. Effects of climatic elements on Salmonella contamination in broiler chicken meat in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:646-652. [PMID: 32213732 PMCID: PMC7273613 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of climatic elements on Salmonella contamination of chicken meat were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between Salmonella isolation, for 240 chicken samples purchased from March 2015 to February 2017, and climatic elements, over 65 days of chicken rearing. Salmonella was isolated from 143 samples (59.6%), and the most dominant serovars identified were Infantis (77/240, 32.1%) and Schwarzengrund (56/240, 23.3%). Previous studies have reported S. Schwarzengrund contamination of broiler chickens only in western Japan; however, in the present study, S. Schwarzengrund was also isolated from meat produced in eastern Japan-20% (12/60) in the C prefecture to 36.4% (8/22) in the Y prefecture-suggesting that S. Schwarzengrund-contaminated areas have expanded towards eastern Japan. Air temperature showed a significant negative association with S. Schwarzengrund isolation for chicken meat produced during periods with rising temperature (spring and summer) [odds ratio (OR), 0.894 to 0.935; P<0.01]. Moreover, the risk of S. Schwarzengrund contamination of chicken meat was higher during spring (OR, 3.951; P=0.008) and winter (OR, 4.071; P=0.006) than during summer. Effects of climatic elements and differences in contamination risk across seasons were not observed for any Salmonella serovars and only S. Infantis, which could be attributed to differences in transmission patterns and vehicles among Salmonella serovars. These findings are valuable for understanding the dynamics of S. Schwarzengrund dissemination in broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shizuka Nomura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shaheem Elahi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kabul University, 3rd district, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Division of Environmental and Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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