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Maya-Rodríguez LM, Gómez-Verduzco G, Trigo-Tavera FJ, Moreno-Fierros L, Miranda-Morales RE. Variability of pMGA/vlhA sequences among Mycoplasma gallisepticum field strains isolated from laying hens and their deformed eggs. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000681.v5. [PMID: 39045249 PMCID: PMC11261720 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000681.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmosis, attributed to Mycoplasma gallisepticum, poses a significant challenge to poultry farming, leading to substantial economic losses and persistent infections within flocks. This bacterium harbours various surface proteins that are crucial for adhesion, transporter activity and evasion of the host immune response, facilitating its pathogenicity. One such key surface lipoprotein, referred to as pMGA or vlhA haemagglutinin, plays a pivotal role in adhesion processes. In this study, the clonal regions pMGA1.2 and pMGA1.3, as reported by Markham (M83178.1), were investigated to elucidate differences or similarities in the whole DNA sequences of M. gallisepticum field strains. The aim was to analyse sequence diversity within this region. Six internal primers were designed to amplify the target sequence, and isolates were obtained from both eggs and chickens sourced from laying hen flocks. Identification revealed 17 strains of M. gallisepticum and four strains of Mycoplasma synoviae, which were confirmed through the mgc2 and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Positive and negative controls were established using the MGS6 and MSWUV1853 strains. Amplification results indicated a higher frequency of amplification proximal to the C-terminal region, with segments 4 (33.3 %) and 6 (27.8 %) being the most prevalent. Notably, none of the field strains exhibited the same amplification pattern as MGS6, and none of the strains characterized as M. synoviae amplified any primer set. Upon translation, the amino acid sequences from segments 4 and 6 were found to be compatible with conserved sequences within the Myco_haema protein domains of the genus Mycoplasma, specifically corresponding to Q7NAP3_MYCGA VlhA.3.04. The observed homology suggests a potential genetic transfer, while the variability identified in the pMGA or vlhA gene region of the field strains may have significant implications for protection against M. gallisepticum infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Maya-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Gabriela Gómez-Verduzco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Francisco J. Trigo-Tavera
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Los Reyes Ixtacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlanepantla de Baz, 54090, México
| | - Rosa E. Miranda-Morales
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, México
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Wang T, Zhao W, Qi Z, Lv S, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Guo Q, Wang L, Peng X. Unmasking the dynamics of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: deciphering HD11 macrophage polarization for innovative infection control strategies. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103652. [PMID: 38537405 PMCID: PMC10987924 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly contagious avian respiratory pathogen characterized by rapid spread, widespread distribution, and long-term persistence of infection. Previous studies have shown that chicken macrophage HD11 cells play a critical role in the replication and immunomodulation of MG. Macrophages are multifunctional immunomodulatory cells that polarize into different functions and morphologies in response to exogenous stimuli. However, the effect of MG infection on HD11 polarization is not well understood. In this study, we observed a time-dependent increase in both the expression of the MG-related virulence protein pMGA1.2 and the copy number of MG upon MG infection. Polarization studies revealed an upregulation of M1-type marker genes in MG-infected HD11 cells, suggesting that MG mainly induces HD11 macrophages towards M1-type polarization. Furthermore, MG activated the inflammatory vesicle NLRP3 signaling pathway, and NLRP3 inhibitors affected the expression of M1 and M2 marker genes, indicating the crucial regulatory role of the NLRP3 signaling pathway in MG-induced polarization of HD11 macrophages. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of MG infection, namely the polarization of MG-infected HD11 macrophages. This discovery suggests that altering the macrophage phenotype to inhibit MG infection may be an effective control strategy. These findings provide new perspectives on the pathogenic mechanism and control measures of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yufei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Mugunthan SP, Kannan G, Chandra HM, Paital B. Infection, Transmission, Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development against Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020469. [PMID: 36851345 PMCID: PMC9967393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma sp. comprises cell wall-less bacteria with reduced genome size and can infect mammals, reptiles, birds, and plants. Avian mycoplasmosis, particularly in chickens, is primarily caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae. It causes infection and pathology mainly in the respiratory, reproductive, and musculoskeletal systems. MG is the most widely distributed pathogenic avian mycoplasma with a wide range of host susceptibility and virulence. MG is transmitted both by horizontal and vertical routes. MG infection induces innate, cellular, mucosal, and adaptive immune responses in the host. Macrophages aid in phagocytosis and clearance, and B and T cells play critical roles in the clearance and prevention of MG. The virulent factors of MG are adhesion proteins, lipoproteins, heat shock proteins, and antigenic variation proteins, all of which play pivotal roles in host cell entry and pathogenesis. Prevention of MG relies on farm and flock biosecurity, management strategies, early diagnosis, use of antimicrobials, and vaccination. This review summarizes the vital pathogenic mechanisms underlying MG infection and recapitulates the virulence factors of MG-host cell adhesion, antigenic variation, nutrient transport, and immune evasion. The review also highlights the limitations of current vaccines and the development of innovative future vaccines against MG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganapathy Kannan
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecology Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Harish Mani Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, India
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (B.P.)
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Wang Y, Wang L, Luo R, Sun Y, Zou M, Wang T, Guo Q, Peng X. Glycyrrhizic Acid against Mycoplasma gallisepticum-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis Through Suppressing the MAPK Pathway in Chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1996-2009. [PMID: 35128924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the primary pathogen of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in chickens. In poultry production, antibiotics are mostly used to prevent and control MG infection, but the drug resistance and residue problems caused by them cannot be ignored. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is derived from licorice, a herb traditionally used to treat various respiratory diseases. Our study results showed that GA significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of pMGA1.2 and GapA in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the network pharmacology study revealed that GA most probably resisted MG infection through the MAPK signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that GA inhibited MG-induced expression of MMP2/MMP9 and inflammatory factors through the p38 and JUN signaling pathways, but not the ERK pathway in vitro. Besides, histopathological sections showed that GA treatment obviously attenuated tracheal and lung damage caused by MG invasion. In conclusion, GA can inhibit MG-triggered inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the expression of MMP2/MMP9 through the JNK and p38 pathways and inhibit the expression of virulence genes to resist MG. Our results suggest that GA might serve as one of the antibiotic alternatives to prevent MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Ronglong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Mengyun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
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Zhao Y, Fu Y, Zou M, Sun Y, Yin X, Niu L, Gong Y, Peng X. Analysis of deep sequencing exosome-microRNA expression profile derived from CP-II reveals potential role of gga-miRNA-451 in inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6178-6190. [PMID: 32307881 PMCID: PMC7294135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens. While several studies have reported the inflammatory functions of microRNAs during MG infection, the mechanism by which exosomal miRNAs regulate MG-induced inflammation remains to be elucidated. The expression of exosome-microRNA derived from MG-infected chicken type II pneumocytes (CP-II) was screened, and the target genes and function of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs) were predicted. To verify the role of exosomal gga-miR-451, Western blot, ELISA and RT-qPCR were used in this study. The results showed that a total of 722 miRNAs were identified from the two exosomal small RNA (sRNA) libraries, and 30 miRNAs (9 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed. The target miRNAs were significantly enriched in the treatment group, such as cell cycle, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway. The results have also confirmed that gga-miR-451-absent exosomes derived from MG-infected CP-II cells increased inflammatory cytokine production in chicken fibroblast cells (DF-1), and wild-type CP-II cell-derived exosomes displayed protective effects. Collectively, our work suggests that exosomes from MG-infected CP-II cells alter the dynamics of the DF-1 cells, and may contribute to pathology of the MG infection via exosomal gga-miR-451 targeting YWHAZ involving in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lumeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Zhang D, Long Y, Li M, Gong J, Li X, Lin J, Meng J, Gao K, Zhao R, Jin T. Development and evaluation of novel recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine candidates for infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens. Avian Pathol 2018; 47:213-222. [PMID: 29115156 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1403009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are two major respiratory diseases in chickens that have resulted in severe economic losses in the poultry industry. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus that simultaneously expresses the S1 spike glycoprotein of IBV and the TM-1 protein of MG (pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP). For comparison, we constructed two recombinant adenoviruses (pBH-S1-EGFP and pBH-TM-1-EGFP) that express either the S1 spike glycoprotein or the TM-1 protein alone. The protective efficacy of these three vaccine constructs against challenge with IBV and/or MG was evaluated in specific pathogen free chickens. Groups of seven-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were immunized twice, two weeks apart, via the oculonasal route with the pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP, pBH-S1-EGFP, or pBH-TM-1-EGFP vaccine candidates or the commercial attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine strain H52 and MG vaccine strain F-36 (positive controls), and challenged with virulent IBV or MG two weeks later. Interestingly, by days 7 and 14 after the booster immunization, pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP-induced antibody titre was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared to attenuated commercial IBV vaccine; however, there was no significant difference between the pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP and attenuated commercial MG vaccine groups (P > 0.05). The clinical signs, the gross, and histopathological lesions scores of the adenovirus vaccine constructs were not significantly different from that of the attenuated commercial IBV or MG vaccines (positive controls) (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate the potential of the bivalent pBH-S1-TM-1-EGFP adenovirus construct as a combination vaccine against IB and mycoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Long
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Gong
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Meng
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Gao
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Zhao
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Jin
- a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Tianjin Agriculture University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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