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Arulnathan V, Turner I, Bamber N, Ferdous J, Grassauer F, Doyon M, Pelletier N. A systematic review of potential productivity, egg quality, and animal welfare implications of extended lay cycles in commercial laying hens in Canada. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103475. [PMID: 38364604 PMCID: PMC10877952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lay cycle lengths in the Canadian egg industry are currently 50 to 52 wk (68-70 wk of age). In light of increased productivity in commercial laying hens over the last few decades, the much longer lay cycle lengths already implemented in other countries, extending lay cycle lengths in Canada, should be considered with careful attention to potential environmental, economic, and animal welfare implications. However, there is a lack of information in the public domain that provides robust evidence of performance levels and potential trade-offs to support comprehensive consideration of the desirability of extending lay cycles beyond current Canadian norms. Hence, a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was undertaken. Data collection focused primarily on information related to feed-, flock management-, and hen genetics/physiology-related interventions that were studied in literature to support extension of lay cycles (review objective 1), and compiling and analyzing productivity, egg quality, and animal welfare outcomes reported at 70 wk of age or beyond (review objective 2). Several feed-related interventions such as high-protein diets, and probiotics supplements, and flock management interventions such split-feeding were found to potentially improve productivity, and especially egg quality, outcomes in the late laying phase. More studies with bigger flock sizes and in commercial lay facilities need to be undertaken before any of these interventions can be definitively recommended for commercial egg production. Under objective 2, productivity was found to be at acceptable levels well beyond 70 wk of age. Performance on most egg quality traits and animal welfare indicators were also at acceptable levels past 70 wk of age but increased variability was observed beyond ∼80 wk of age. There were also inconclusive indications on how hens in caged housing and white laying hens fare relative to hens in noncaged housing and brown-type layers during the late laying phase. Economic data were limited but suggested that lay cycle lengths beyond 90 wk might not generated net economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Arulnathan
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ian Turner
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nicole Bamber
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Florian Grassauer
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Maurice Doyon
- Paul-Comtois, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathan Pelletier
- FIP 226, Food Systems PRISM Lab, Fipke Centre for Innovative Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Yin P, Tong Q, Li BM, Zheng WC, Wang Y, Peng HQ, Xue XL, Wei SQ. Spatial distribution, movement, body damage, and feather condition of laying hens in a multi-tier system. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103202. [PMID: 37980743 PMCID: PMC10684808 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The welfare and health of laying hens in the multitier system raise concern in public. The flock distributions during feeding time at 51 and 89 wk were studied in a multitier system. Furthermore, the ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) equipment was used to identify the transition between tiers and time spent in each tier of 48 focal hens (12 hens from each tier-group of the multitier system) at 92 wk of age. The body weight, tibia size (length and width), body damage (comb and rear part), and feather condition (neck, breast, back, tail, cloaca, and wings) of focal hens from different tier-groups were further compared. The results showed that the spatial distribution in flocks changed from top to bottom with increasing age. The hens at 51 wk of age were mainly distributed in the 4th tier (19.6 ± 5.0% in 1st tier, 9.6 ± 1.1% in 2nd tier, 23.6 ± 2.9% in 3rd tier and 47.3 ± 2.6% in 4th tier), and hens at 89 wk of age were mainly distributed in the lower tiers (33.5 ± 1.5% in 1st tier, 31.9 ± 5.1% in 2nd tier, 15.7 ± 3.4% in 3rd tier and 16.6 ± 3.1% in 4th tier). The spatial distribution of hens at 89 wk of age was more even than that at 51 wk of age. At 92 wk of age, the proportion of time spent in original tier of 4 tier-groups was 91.0 ± 5.7%, 51.9 ± 5.7%, 59.0 ± 7.0% and 63.0 ± 6.7%, respectively. Focal hens preferred to stay in the original tier and spent significantly less time in other tiers (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight, body damage score, tibia width and partial feather scores (neck, breast, tail, and cloaca) of focal hens among 4 tier-groups (P > 0.05). However, focal hens from 1st tier had worse feather scores on wings and back, and shorter tibia length compared to other tiers suggesting that there were more lower ranking birds that located in lower tier to avoid competition, but had equal access to resource, which is good for their welfare and health. In summary, the overcrowding situation was improved near the end of the laying cycle in the multitier system, thereby mitigating the potential negative effects to the lower ranking hens and maintain a satisfactory level of welfare and health for laying hens near the end of the laying cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yin
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Q Tong
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - B M Li
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - W C Zheng
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - H Q Peng
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - X L Xue
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - S Q Wei
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Environmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang J, Gao X, Zheng W, Wang P, Duan Z, Xu G. Dynamic Changes in Egg Quality, Heritability and Correlation of These Traits and Yolk Nutrient throughout the Entire Laying Cycle. Foods 2023; 12:4472. [PMID: 38137276 PMCID: PMC10742422 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg quality and nutritional value are becoming increasingly important to consumers, offering a new direction for the development of high-quality eggs. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of egg quality and nutrient profiles in native breeds at different ages, integrating pedigree data. Our results reveal dynamic changes in egg qualities, stronger associations among eggshell-related traits, and the effect of onset production and body weight on egg qualities. The heritability of different traits was estimated, ranging from 0.05 to 0.62. Subsequently, we elucidated that the moisture and nutritional content in the egg yolk were not influenced by the percentage of yolk but were indeed subject to age regulation. There was a notable decrease in moisture, an elevation in crude fat, and an increase in the diversity of fatty acids of yolk with advancing age. In summary, investigating the trends and interrelationships in egg quality, nutrient content, and heritability across the whole laying cycle offers valuable insights for breeders to optimize feeding management strategies and aids consumers in meeting their expectations of egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Weijie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Police-Dog Technology Department, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110034, China;
| | - Zhongyi Duan
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Guiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Frontier Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (W.Z.)
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Angelim AM, Leite SCB, de Farias MRS, Lourenço CLCM, Evangelista AB, Cordeiro CN, de Abreu CG, Freitas ER, Silveira RMF. Alternative additives associated in the feeding of laying hens: performance, biometrics, bone traits, and economic evaluation-an unsupervised machine learning approach. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:74. [PMID: 36763201 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the current bans on the use of some growth promoting antibiotics in poultry nutrition, the need to use alternative additives which could replace traditional promoters in diets has arisen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative additives, associated or not, in replacing the antibiotic growth promoter in the diets of laying hens on performance, egg quality, biometry, bone characteristics, and economic viability. A total of 378 birds at 97 weeks of age, weighing 1691 ± 80g with an average production of 79.96 ± 4.9%, were randomly distributed and submitted to different diets: negative control - NC (no additive); positive control - PC, conventional growth promoter (Enramycin); associated organic acids (OA); symbiotic (S); Essential oil (EO); OA + S; and S+EO. The diet did not influence (P > 0.05) performance, egg quality, biometry, and bone traits. However, the use of alternative additives and their associations with the exception of S+OA, provided better economic indices when compared to NC and CP. The first component showed a negative relationship between feed conversion per mass and dozen eggs with gut length, Seedor index, egg production, and egg mass; the second component showed a positive relationship between yolk, pancreas, proventriculus, and gizzard; and, finally, the third component showed that feed consumption has a negative relationship with bone strength and deformity. The first two canonical functions were significant and discriminated 100% of the differences between the diets. Moreover, 50% of the birds were correctly classified in their group of origin, in which the positive control group (83.3%) and OA+S presented the highest rates of correct responses (66.7%). Bone deformity and bowel length were the only two variables with discriminatory power. Natural growth promoters alone or in association do not harm performance, egg quality, digestive organs biometry or bird bone characteristics, in addition to promoting greater economic return. Thus, they can be considered possible substitutes for traditional antibiotics. Finally, unsupervised machine learning methods are useful statistical techniques to study the relationship of variables and point out the main biomarkers of poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maria Angelim
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla Nágila Cordeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hervo F, Letourneau-Montminy M, Même N, Méda B, Duclos M, Narcy A. Effect of phytase and limestone particle size on mineral digestibility, performance, eggshell quality and bone mineralization in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102613. [PMID: 37001319 PMCID: PMC10074239 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of microbial phytase and limestone particle size (LmPS) was assessed in Lohmann Tradition laying hens from 31 to 35 wk of age. Seventy-two hens were used in a completely randomized trial according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of phytase/basal available P (aP); 0 FTU/kg with 0.30% aP or 300 FTU/kg with 0.15% aP, and 2 limestone particle sizes; fine particles (FL, <0.5 mm) or a mix (MIX) of 75% coarse limestone (CL, 2-4 mm) and 25% FL. Diets contained equivalent levels of Ca (3.5%), phytic P (PP; 0.18%), and aP (0.30%) considering the P equivalency of phytase. Thus, dietary treatments were FL0 and MIX0 without phytase, and FL300 and MIX300 with 300 FTU/kg phytase. Performance were recorded daily and eggshell quality (eggshell weight proportion, weight, thickness, and breaking strength) was measured weekly. At the end of the trial, bone parameters (tibia breaking strength, elasticity, and ash) and the apparent precaecal digestibility (APCD) of P and Ca were determined. No differences were observed between treatments in feed intake, FCR and bone parameters. Addition of MIX increased the eggshell proportion, weight and thickness in groups receiving no phytase (+6.5, +6.9, and +4.5%, respectively) while no effect was observed in groups receiving phytase (Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.05). In hens receiving FL, the APCD of P was lower in diets supplemented with phytase (-14 percentage points; Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.001). A higher phytate disappearance was observed in hens fed diets with phytase in combination with MIX (Phytase × LmPS, P = 0.005). Phytase and MIX together increased the APCD of Ca by 7.3 percentage points (Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.001). In conclusion, addition of CL could limit the formation of Ca-phytate complex thus improving the response of the birds to phytase compared to FL.
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Liu Y, Uyanga VA, Jiao H, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Lin H. Effects of feeding strategies on eggshell quality of laying hens during late laying period. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102406. [PMID: 36566661 PMCID: PMC9801208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient calcium supply during the dark period is an important reason for deteriorated eggshell quality in laying hens. In the present study, the feeding time of hens was altered in order to investigate whether the changes in feeding time and feed consumption could influence the laying performance and eggshell quality of hens. A total of 192, 60-wk-old Hy-line Brown hens with similar body weight and laying rate were obtained. The hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and subjected to the following feeding strategies: feeding 3 times a day (control group, CON), or feeding once a day in the morning at 08:00 (MF), in the noon at 12:00 (NF), or in the afternoon at 16:00 (AF), respectively. The feeding strategies had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on laying rate, egg weight, and egg mass. Although the feed intake did not differ among treatments, the time phase of feed consumption was changed. From 15:00 to 21:00 h, hens consumed 49.7%, 42.4%, 49.1%, and 70.8% of daily feed intake in the CON, MF, NF, and AF groups, respectively. Feeding strategy had no detectable influence (P > 0.05) on egg shape index, eggshell strength, and eggshell percentage. Compared to CON, AF hens tended to have a higher eggshell thickness (P = 0.053). In MF and NF treatments, plasma calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) levels, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity did not differ (P > 0.05) compared with CON. In contrast, AF-hens had lower Ca and P levels, but a higher ALP activity than CON (P < 0.01). The AF hens had higher uterine fluid Ca than MF and NF hens (P < 0.05). Compared to CON, the expression level of CaBP-D28K was increased in the shell gland mucosa of MF-hens. Also, MF-, NF-, and AF-hens had higher Osteopontin (OPN) expression level (P < 0.05), whereas NF had a higher expression of OC-116 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the results indicated that feeding in the afternoon changed the pattern of feed consumption and exerted a positive influence on eggshell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Victoria Anthony Uyanga
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, Shandong 271018, China,Corresponding author:
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El-Saadony MT, Yaqoob MU, Hassan FU, Alagawany M, Arif M, Taha AE, Elnesr SS, El-Tarabily KA, Abd El-Hack ME. Applications of butyric acid in poultry production: the dynamics of gut health, performance, nutrient utilization, egg quality, and osteoporosis. Anim Health Res Rev 2022; 23:136-146. [PMID: 36373971 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for antibiotic-free livestock products from the consumer side and the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry feed industry is increasingly interested in developing more alternatives to cope with this problem. Organic acids (butyric acid) have many beneficial effects on poultry health, performance, and egg quality when used in their diet, thus they can be considered for the replacement of antibiotics in livestock production systems. Butyric acid is most efficacious against pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, and stimulates the population of beneficial gut bacteria. It is a primary energy source for colonocytes and augments the differentiation and maturation of the intestinal cells. Collectively, butyric acid should be considered as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, because it reduces pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, enhancing gut health thereby increasing nutrient digestibility, thus leading to improved growth performance and immunity among birds. The possible pathways and mechanisms through which butyric acid enhances gut health and production performance are discussed in this review. Detailed information about the use of butyric acid in poultry and its possible benefits under different conditions are also provided, and the impacts of butyric acid on egg quality and osteoporosis are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Hervo F, Narcy A, Nys Y, Létourneau-Montminy MP. Effect of limestone particle size on performance, eggshell quality, bone strength, and in vitro/in vivo solubility in laying hens: a meta-analysis approach. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101686. [PMID: 35124443 PMCID: PMC8819118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous publications over the past 5 decades have investigated the effect of limestone particle size (LmPS) on production performance, bone mineralization, and limestone solubilization in laying hens. Coarse limestone particles have been shown to improve eggshell quality and bone mineralization. However, there is a large variability of responses in birds to this factor, indicating the need to better quantify the effect of modulating factors related to coarse particles that could explain this variability. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the impact of LmPS on the digestive and metabolic fate of Ca to optimize its utilization by laying hens. Fifty-eight papers published between 1971 and 2019, including 71 experiments were included in this study. Four categories of dependent variables were identified: Ca solubility, production performance, eggshell quality, and bone strength. Independent variables tested were LmPS and age. Results showed that the in vitro solubilization of limestone linearly decreased (P < 0.001; R² = 0.91) while in vivo solubilization linearly increased with LmPS (P < 0.001; R² = 0.91). Coarse limestone particles were retained longer in the gizzard (P < 0.001; R² = 0.60), inducing higher solubilization by gastric juices than fine limestone. LmPS showed no effect on production performance while all eggshell quality parameters increased with LmPS (P < 0.001; R² > 0.91): increasing specific gravity by 0.8%, eggshell thickness by 1.1%, and eggshell breaking strength by 3% when increasing from 0.15 mm to 1.5 mm. LmPS had an effect on tibia breaking strength dependently of age (Age × LmPS, P < 0.001; R² = 0.89): coarse limestone particles increased tibia breaking strength with aging compared to fine limestone particles. The current study renders it possible to quantify the effects of age and LmPS on eggshell quality and tibia breaking strength. This work showed an interaction between eggshell quality and bone strength and showed that LmPS increases bone strength in older laying hens.
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Poudel I, McDaniel C, Schilling M, Pflugrath D, Adhikari P. Role of conventional and split feeding of various limestone particle size ratios on the performance and egg quality of Hy-Line® W-36 hens in the late production phase. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Herrera J, Saldaña B, Guzmán P, Ibáñez M, Mandalawi H, Cámara L, Mateos G. Particle size affects short-term preference behavior of brown-egg laying hens fed diets based on corn or barley. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1324-1333. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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