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Jiang XR, Dai YY, Wang YR, Guo K, Du Y, Gao JF, Lin LH, Li P, Li H, Ji X, Qu YF. Dietary and Sexual Correlates of Gut Microbiota in the Japanese Gecko, Gekko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081365. [PMID: 37106928 PMCID: PMC10134999 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the structure and composition of gut microbiota in a host. The disorder of the gut microbiota may trigger various host diseases. Here, we collected fecal samples from wild-caught Japanese geckos (Gekko japonicus) and captive conspecifics fed with mealworms (mealworm-fed geckos) and fruit flies (fly-fed geckos), aiming to examine the dietary and sexual correlates of the gut microbiota. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to determine the composition of the gut microbiota. The dominant phyla with a mean relative abundance higher than 10% were Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. Gut microbial community richness and diversity were higher in mealworm-fed geckos than in wild geckos. Neither community evenness nor beta diversity of gut microbiota differed among wild, mealworm-fed, and fly-fed geckos. The beta rather than alpha diversity of gut microbiota was sex dependent. Based on the relative abundance of gut bacteria and their gene functions, we concluded that gut microbiota contributed more significantly to the host's metabolic and immune functions. A higher diversity of gut microbiota in mealworm-fed geckos could result from higher chitin content in insects of the order Coleoptera. This study not only provides basic information about the gut microbiota of G. japonicus but also shows that gut microbiota correlates with dietary habits and sex in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ru Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying-Yu Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Rong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Du
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Herpetological Research, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Long-Hui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Knudsen C, Arroyo J, Even M, Cauquil L, Pascal G, Fernandez X, Lavigne F, Davail S, Combes S, Ricaud K. The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:6. [PMID: 33499980 PMCID: PMC7934468 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The Landaise greylag goose (Anser anser) is a good model to study steatosis in migratory birds as it is domesticated, but is still, from a genetic point of view, close to its wild migratory ancestor. It also has a great ingestion capacity and a good predisposition for hepatic steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by conventional overfeeding. The conventional (overfeeding) and alternative (spontaneous steatosis induction) systems differ considerably in duration and feed intake level and previous studies have shown that aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis are very variable. The present study thus aimed to address two issues: (i) evaluate whether microbial composition differs with steatosis-inducing mode; (ii) elucidate whether a digestive microbial signature could be associated with variable aptitudes to spontaneous liver steatosis. Results Performances, biochemical composition of the livers and microbiota differed considerably in response to steatosis stimulation. We namely identified the genus Romboutsia to be overrepresented in birds developing a spontaneous steatosis in comparison to those submitted to conventional overfeeding while the genera Ralstonia, Variovorax and Sphingomonas were underrepresented only in birds that did not develop a spontaneous steatosis compared to conventionally overfed ones, birds developing a spontaneous steatosis having intermediate values. Secondly, no overall differences in microbial composition were evidenced in association with variable aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis, although one OTU, belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, was overrepresented in birds having developed a spontaneous steatosis compared to those that had not. Conclusions Our study is the first to evaluate the intestinal microbial composition in association with steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by overfeeding, in geese. Steatosis induction modes were associated with distinct digestive microbial compositions. However, unlike what can be observed in mammals, no clear microbial signature associated with spontaneous steatosis level was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Knudsen
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Julien Arroyo
- ASSELDOR, Station d'expérimentation appliquée et de démonstration sur l'oie et le canard, La Tour de Glane, 24420, Coulaures, France
| | - Maxime Even
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur- Nivelle, 64310, Pau, France
| | - Laurent Cauquil
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Géraldine Pascal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Franck Lavigne
- ASSELDOR, Station d'expérimentation appliquée et de démonstration sur l'oie et le canard, La Tour de Glane, 24420, Coulaures, France
| | - Stéphane Davail
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur- Nivelle, 64310, Pau, France
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur- Nivelle, 64310, Pau, France
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Zhu C, Xu W, Tao Z, Song W, Liu H, Zhang S, Li H. Effects of Rearing Conditions and Sex on Cecal Microbiota in Ducks. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:565367. [PMID: 33133040 PMCID: PMC7578374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.565367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome influences the health of animals. However, little is known about the impact of indoor conditions and sex on intestinal microbiome diversity and composition in ducks. The present study aimed to investigate differences in the cecal microbiome between male and female ducks reared on the floor (PY group) or in cages (LY group). We also determined the relationships between cecal microbiota composition and slaughter traits, and the expression levels of mucosal and intestinal structural genes in ducks. There was a slight difference in slaughter traits among the groups, with cecum weight being significantly lighter in the LY compared with the PY group, especially in females (p < 0.05). Analysis of the alpha diversity of the cecal microbiota between males and females in the LY and PY groups showed that LY males had significantly lower diversity and richness. Beta diversity analysis demonstrated differences in the microbiota composition in relation to rearing conditions, and a significant difference between the sexes in the PY groups. The dominant bacterial phyla in duck cecum were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. The relative abundances of the most common bacteria revealed that the intestinal microbiota diversity and composition were affected by both feeding conditions and sex. Several bacterial genera were detected differentially among the groups. These genera were correlated with slaughter traits and expression levels of mucosal and cecal structural genes in ducks. In conclusion, rearing conditions, sex, and associated changes in the cecal microbiota are thus associated with gut barrier functions in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Tao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Song
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Huifang Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
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Wu X, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1907-1919. [PMID: 32910260 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause disturbs energy, glucose, and lipid metabolisms and changes the composition of the gut microbiota, but dietary fibers without phytoestrogens may ameliorate menopausal metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to assess whether consuming the prebiotics chitosan and citrus pectin can improve postmenopausal symptoms, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanism of action was examined. METHODS The OVX rats were given 4.5% cellulose (OVX-Control), chitosan (OVX-Chitosan), or citrus pectin (OVX-Pectin) in a 43% fat diet and the sham rats were given the same diet as the OVX-Control for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats had the same diet as OVX-Control (Normal-Control). Body-weight, visceral fat mass, tail skin temperature, serum 17β-estradiol, glucose intolerance, and insulin tolerance were determined. Gut microbiota in the fecal samples was measured by NGS and analyzed with PICRUSt2. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolomic characteristics of serum were also measured with UPLC-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Chitosan and citrus pectin were selected because the incubation of rat feces with these two prebiotics in vitro had shown increased butyrate production. OVX-Chitosan reduced the weight, visceral fat content, and tail skin temperature, and OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin improved glucose tolerance, compared to the OVX-Control. Both alleviated dyslipidemia, compared to the OVX-Control. OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin elevated serum propionate and butyrate concentrations but only OVX-Chitosan lowered serum acetate concentrations. In PICRUSt2, chitosan upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involved in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, whereas the OVX-Control exhibited significantly upregulated lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. OVX-Pectin exhibited increased α-diversity in the fecal bacteria. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher serum urate concentrations in the OVX-Control group than the other groups, and serum arginine and leucine concentrations were higher in the OVX-Chitosan group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chitosan and citrus pectin consumptions improved menopausal symptoms by improving the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and serum metabolites and SCFA originating from fecal bacteria. Chitosan was more effective for improving menopausal symptoms than citrus pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuangao Wu
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea.
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Yuan Z, Yan W, Wen C, Zheng J, Yang N, Sun C. Enterotype identification and its influence on regulating the duodenum metabolism in chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1515-1527. [PMID: 32111319 PMCID: PMC7587748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotypes are used to describe clusters of specific gut microbial community structures, but few reports exist on the identification of enterotypes in poultry. In addition, there is incomplete understanding on the role of the foregut microbiota in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in poultry. Thus, this study aimed to identify the duodenal enterotypes by examining microbial communities from 206 broilers using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and explore the effects of enterotypes on phenotypic performance and nutrient metabolism with metabolomics. The duodenal microbial communities of the broiler population were partitioned into 3 enterotypes (ET1, ET2, and ET3), and significant differences were observed in α-diversity among the enterotypes (P < 0.01). At the genus level, the ET1 group was over-represented by Bacteroides (9.8%) and Escherichia–Shigella (8.9%), the ET2 group was over-represented by Ochrobactrum (19.4%) and Rhodococcus (14.7%), and the ET3 group was over-represented by Bacillus (23.4%) and Akkermansia (16.2%). The relative abundance of the dominant taxa of each enterotype was significantly higher than that in the other 2 enterotypes (P < 0.01). The results showed that Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus were positively correlated with cellobiose, alpha-D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-allose (r = 0.429, 0.435, 0.482, and 0.562, respectively; all P < 0.05). Rhodococcus was also positively correlated with tridecanoic acid and glycerol 1-myristate (r = 0.655 and 0.489, respectively; all P < 0.01). In terms of phenotype, the triglyceride level in the ET2 group was significantly higher than that in the ET1 group (P < 0.05), and the subcutaneous fat thickness and abdominal fat weight in the ET2 group were the highest (P > 0.05). Taken together, these results confirmed the presence of enterotypes in broilers and found that the dominant microbes in broilers of the ET2 group might play a major role in the degradation and utilization of plant polysaccharides, which may have an impact on the serum triglyceride level and fat deposition in broilers. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the gut microbial interactions with the metabolism in broilers and the regulation of the gut microbiota to promote growth and well-being in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoliang Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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