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Wang C, Yang C, Zeng Y, Zhang M. GnRH-immunocastration: an alternative method for male animal surgical castration. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1248879. [PMID: 38026623 PMCID: PMC10644813 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1248879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration of male animals is intended to produce high-enhance quality of animal meat, prevent unpleasant taste, reduce aggressive behavior, and manage overbreeding. Over the years, Tranditional methods of mechanical and surgical castration have been employed over the years, but they fall short of meeting animal welfare requirements due to the associated risk of infection, pain, and stress. Immunocastration, specifically Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-immunocastration, targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, has emerged as an animal-friendly alternative to surgical castration, effectively addressing these issues. This review seeks to systematically summarize the principles, development, current applications and challenges of GnRH-immunocastration, offering insights into its role in promoting animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutian Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Lei M, Qu X, Dai Z, Chen R, Zhu H, Shi Z. Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111364. [PMID: 35681829 PMCID: PMC9179501 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Goose meat is recognized as one of the healthiest foods. Goose capons are specially bred and consumed in several parts of China for their high-quality meat. However, the effects of caponization on goose growth and carcass traits have remained uninvestigated, and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this research, caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum. Caponization increased live weights by promoting food intake and abdominal fat deposition, and improved meat quality by increasing intermuscular fat. Changes in the expression of these genes indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. Abstract In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of SOCS3 in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of PAX3 in the breast muscle and MYOG in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Lei
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zichun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +86-025-8439-0346 (H.Z.); +86-025-8439-0956 (Z.S.)
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.D.); (R.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +86-025-8439-0346 (H.Z.); +86-025-8439-0956 (Z.S.)
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Zakharenko МО, Cheverda ІМ, Kurbatova ІМ. Effects of gonadectomy on clinical-hematological, metabolic and hormone conditions of cockerels. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadectomy (caponization) of cockerels is an important way of increasing their productivity, improving the quality and taste properties of the meat, and obtaining dietary products. The objective of the study was the influence of gonadectomy of cockerels on their clinical condition, morphological composition of blood, hemoglobin content and anabolism in the tissues, their productivity and chemical content of the muscles. In the experiment, we used 30 Adler silver cockerels aged 4 weeks, which were divided into two groups: control (intact) and experimental (gonadectomized) according to the analogue principle, with 15 individuals in each. The experiment lasted for 185 days, including the main period of 175 days. We determined that the body temperature of cockerels after gonadectomy increased as early as days one and three. In the blood of gonadectomized cockerels, the number of leukocytes decreased by 36.3%, thrombocytes – by 24.7%, while hemoglobin concentration, numbers of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes did not change compared with the intact individuals. On days 20 and 185 of the experiment, the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma of gonadectomized cockerels was lower respectively by 57.1% and 53.1%, whereas no differences were found prior to gonadectomy and on the third day of the experiment. We determined increase in uric acid concentration and decrease in the level of ionizing calcium in blood plasma of gonadectomized cockerels compared with intact individuals, while the content of cortisol, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, and also activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase did not change. Live weight of gonadectomized cockerels in the period from 45 to 105 days of the raising did not change, and was higher by 10.4–17.0% from day 115 to 145, and further remained not different from the control. Thoracic muscles of gonadectomized cockerels contained 1.8 times more fat, while the levels of moisture, dry matter, protein and ash in thoracic and thigh muscles did not change. The conducted studies have revealed the effect of gonadectomy of roosters on clinical-hematological parameters, metabolic processes, productivity of birds and chemical composition of muscles and may be used to improve the production of chicken meat with high dietary and taste properties.
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Zeng YT, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhou GB, Zeng CJ, Zuo ZC, Song TZ, Zhu Q, Yin HD, Zhang M. Improvac immunocastration affects the development of thigh muscles but not pectoral muscles in male chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5149-5157. [PMID: 32988554 PMCID: PMC7598331 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvac has been tentatively used to immune-castrate roosters. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Improvac affected skeletal muscle development in chickens. The muscle fiber type and size and the expression levels of genes related to muscle development in pectoral and thigh muscles were examined at 5, 9, and 14 wk of age in the control, early, late, and early + late Improvac-treated groups. Immunocastration with Improvac affected the development of thigh muscles and the expression of MYH1B, MSTN, and SM. The cross-sectional area in the early group was significantly larger than in the control group at the 14th week (P < 0.01). At the fifth week, the expression levels of MYH1B, MYOD, and MSTN in the early group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and at the ninth week, the expression level of SM1 in the control group was significantly lower than that in early and late groups (P < 0.05). Immunocastration did not affect pectoral muscle development or the expression of genes related to muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - C Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Y Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - L Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - G B Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - C J Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Z C Zuo
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - T Z Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa 850009, P.R. China
| | - Q Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - H D Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - M Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.
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