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Maharjan P, Rahimi A, Harding KL, Vu TC, Malheiros R, Oviedo-Rondon EO, Mian R, Joseph M, Dean L, Anderson KE, Toomer O. Effects of full-fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer diets on nutrient digestibility and egg quality parameters of a white laying hen strain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102486. [PMID: 36736139 PMCID: PMC9898437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the impact of including full fat high-oleic soybean meal in layer hen diets on nutrient digestibility and added nutritional value in eggs. Forty-eight layers (∼36 wk old) were randomly assigned to one of 4 isonitrogenous (18.5% crude protein) treatment diets with 12 replicate birds per treatment in a 3-wk study. Treatments were 1) solvent extracted defatted soybean meal + corn diet, 2) dry extruded defatted soybean meal + corn, 3) full-fat soybean meal + corn, 4) high-oleic full-fat soybean meal + corn diet. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) were determined using celite (∼2%) as an indigestible marker. Tibia strength and egg quality parameters (egg weight, shell strength, Haugh unit, shell color, and yolk color) were recorded during the study. Fatty acid profiles, including the monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (C18:1, cis), in eggs and adipogenic tissue (liver, muscle, and fat pad) were measured using gas chromatography (GC-FID). Digestibility values of CF ranged from 71 to 84% and CP varied from 67 to 72% for treatment diets, with treatment mean values being no different (P > 0.05) between treatment diets. No differences between treatment diets in tibia strength or egg quality parameters (egg weight, shell strength, and Haugh unit) were observed (P > 0.05) except for yolk color. Similarly, there were no differences in the total lipids in egg yolk (P > 0.05) between treatment diets. However, oleic acid percentage of total lipid in egg and tissue was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in hens given the high-oleic full-fat soybean meal diet than in other treatment groups. No difference was observed in oleic acid percentage of total lipid in egg between the other 3 treatment diets (P > 0.05). Overall, the results exhibited that the eggs and tissue of layer hens fed the full-fat high-oleic acid soybean meal diet were higher in oleic acid while the CF and CP digestibility remained similar to the digestibility of the other diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Amin Rahimi
- Mountaire Farms of NC, Candor, NC 27229, USA
| | - Kari L Harding
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Thien Chuong Vu
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ramon Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondon
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rouf Mian
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael Joseph
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lisa Dean
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Anderson
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ondulla Toomer
- Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Dietary Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharide Level Influences Performance, Nutrient Utilisation and Disappearance of Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050547. [PMID: 35268116 PMCID: PMC8908838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharides (sNSP) on performance and nutrient utilisation in broilers from d 0 to 35. Cobb 500 broilers (n = 480, 80 birds per treatment) were fed either wheat- or corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated to contain either a high, medium, or low sNSP content, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, fed as Starter (d 0−14) and Grower (d 14−35). Birds fed the low sNSP level presented greater BWG at d 0−14 and lower feed intake at d 14−35 compared to birds fed the medium sNSP level (p < 0.005). At d 14, birds fed the high sNSP level presented greater ileal and total tract starch digestibility and total tract sNSP degradability and insoluble NSP degradability, compared to feeding the low sNSP level. At d 35, total tract DM and metabolisability of gross energy was greater in birds fed the medium sNSP level compared to those fed the high or low sNSP level (p < 0.005). Generally, bird performance and nutrient utilisation was greater in birds fed the corn-based diets compared to the wheat-based diets. These results illustrate that dietary sNSP level and composition influences bird performance and nutrient digestibility.
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Nieto-Ortega B, Arroyo JJ, Walk C, Castañares N, Canet E, Smith A. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool to predict non-starch polysaccharide composition and starch digestibility profiles in common monogastric cereal feed ingredients. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nguyen HT, Bedford MR, Morgan NK. Importance of considering non-starch polysaccharide content of poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1921669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | - N. K. Morgan
- Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Farahat M, Ibrahim D, Kishawy ATY, Abdallah HM, Hernandez-Santana A, Attia G. Effect of cereal type and plant extract addition on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, caecal microflora, and gut barriers gene expression of broiler chickens. Animal 2020; 15:100056. [PMID: 33573933 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding broiler chickens on diets based on cereal grains of high non-starch polysaccharides content such as wheat and barley can negatively impact their performance and gut health. Plant extracts can be used as a potential tool to alleviate these negative effects. The present study assessed the effects of dietary cereal type and the inclusion of a plant extract blend (PEB) on the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, caecal microflora, and gene expression of selected biomarkers for gut integrity in broiler chickens in a 42-d experiment. Ross-308 male broilers were assigned into different dietary treatments and fed on two cereal types (corn- vs. wheat/barley-based) with/without added graded concentrations of a PEB (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg diet). There were no significant differences in the growth performance parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and caecal microflora due to the impact of dietary cereal type. However, lactobacilli count in the caecal microflora was increased in the group fed on a corn-based diet. The PEB supplementation especially at a level of 500 to 1000 mg/kg diet significantly increased the average BW and decreased the feed conversion ratio. It also increased the villi length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, decreased the duodenal crypt depth, and increased the villi length to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Supplementation of the PEB decreased the total bacterial and coliform count and increased the lactobacilli count in a linear pattern. Gene expression of Occludin and Junction Adhesion Molecule was significantly increased in the PEB supplemented diets, whereby no influence was observed on mucin expression. In conclusion, supplementation of a PEB at levels of 500-1000 mg/kg can be used as a tool to improve broiler performance and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farahat
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - D Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - H M Abdallah
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A Hernandez-Santana
- Department of Product Development, Martin Bauer Group, 91487 Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany
| | - G Attia
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
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Cho HM, González-Ortiz G, Melo-Durán D, Heo JM, Cordero G, Bedford MR, Kim JC. Stimbiotic supplementation improved performance and reduced inflammatory response via stimulating fiber fermenting microbiome in weaner pigs housed in a poor sanitary environment and fed an antibiotic-free low zinc oxide diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240264. [PMID: 33170861 PMCID: PMC7654836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the inclusion of a stimbiotic (STB) can improve performance, influence intestinal microbiota and fermentation activity, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in piglets fed a low zinc oxide diet without antimicrobial growth promotors compared to fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) when housed either in good sanitary (GS) or poor sanitary (PS) environments. One hundred forty-four male pigs (28-day-old) were sorted by initial body weight (BW) and allocated to one of six experimental treatments: 1) GS environment without any additive (GS-CTR); 2) GS environment with 0.01% stimbiotic (GS-STB); 3) PS environment (without cleaning and disinfection of a previously populated room) without any additive (PS-CTR); 4) PS environment with 0.01% STB (PS-STB); 5) PS environment with 0.1% MOS (PS-MOS); and 6) PS environment with 0.2% FOS (PS-FOS). Each treatment had six replicates, with four animals each. Three feeding phases, based on corn, wheat, and soybean meal were available ad libitum for the 42-days of the study. Housing piglets under PS conditions negatively influenced performance, increased plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), affected the fecal microbial populations and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) compared to GS. Stimbiotic improved 42-d-BW under PS conditions (P < 0.05) whereas MOS or FOS had no effect. On d35, plasma TNF-α was reduced with STB in PS (P < 0.05). The ratio between VFA:BCFA increased (P < 0.05) with STB, MOS or FOS in PS, and under GS condition, STB also increased the ratio. Stimbiotic increased the proportion of Clostridiales Family XIII Incertae Sedis and Clostridiaceae, while MOS and FOS increased Selenomonadaceae, Catabacteriaceae and Fibrobacteraceae. These results indicate that STB shifted the intestinal microbiome to favor fiber fermentation which likely contributed to reduced inflammatory response and improved performance, particularly in piglets reared in PS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Diego Melo-Durán
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Maharjan P, Mullenix G, Hilton K, Caldas J, Beitia A, Weil J, Suesuttajit N, Kalinowski A, Yacoubi N, Naranjo V, England J, Coon C. Effect of digestible amino acids to energy ratios on performance and yield of two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environmental temperatures. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6884-6898. [PMID: 33248604 PMCID: PMC7704956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two broiler lines, Line A and Line B, were fed experimental diets from 22 to 42 d with objectives to determine effects of digestible amino acids (AA) to metabolizable energy ratios on feed intake (FI), performance, and processing yield. Experimental diets were formulated to 3,150 kcal/kg with 5 levels of digestible lysine (dLys)—80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of recommended AA level giving g dLys/Mcal values of 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48, and 3.80, respectively. All other AA were formulated to a fixed ratio to dLys. A total of 4,050 chicks were utilized in each trial (9 replicate pens for each AA level and each line; 45 chicks/pen) conducted twice: one in hot environmental temperature (HT) (24 h mean ∼85.3 °F; 80.9% RH) and another in cool environmental temperature (CT) (24 h mean ∼71.6 °F; 61.7% RH). Results showed that FI was not impacted by dietary AA levels in HT for both lines. Higher FI (P < 0.05) was observed in CT for lower dietary AA levels (<100% AA level) for both lines, with overall higher FI occurring in Line B. Higher FI for Line B was also accompanied by higher body weight in HT and CT. Treatment diets had quadratic effects on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and processing yields (breasts and tenders) in both HT and CT, with broilers in CT performing better (P < 0.05). The optimal response values for ADG in HT and CT were 89.72 g and 113.44 g occurring at 120 and 109.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for FCR in HT and CT were 1.79 and 1.58 occurring at 120 and 117.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for breast meat yield in HT and CT were 575.9 g and 776.5 g occurring at 112.6 and 114.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for tender meat yield in HT and CT were 119.8 g and 154.9 g occurring at 120 and 115% AA level, respectively. Line A had a higher breast and tender yield % (of live weight) for both environmental temperatures which correlated to body composition data with higher % protein mass and % digestible AA retention. In this study, findings indicated that effects of increased digestible AA density on FI, performance, and processing yield are specific to strain and grow-out temperature, but the optimum response was attained for both lines with diets containing 110 to 120% AA levels (3.48–3.80 g dLys/Mcal) during the 22 to 42 d finisher period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramir Maharjan
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Garret Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Katie Hilton
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | - Antonio Beitia
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Jordan Weil
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Nawin Suesuttajit
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | | | | | - Victor Naranjo
- Evonik Guatemala S.A., Edificio Punto Diez, Oficina 3D, Cidade da Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Judy England
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
| | - Craig Coon
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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