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Zhang X, Wu Q, Zheng W, Liu C, Huang L, Zuo X, Xiao W, Han X, Ye H, Wang W, Zhu Y, Yang L. Exogenous Linoleic Acid Intervention Alters Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in an Avian Embryo Model. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844148. [PMID: 35264980 PMCID: PMC8899105 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, developmental changes of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in an avian model were measured, and then the intervention effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) linoleic acid (LA) on hepatic glucose metabolism were evaluated. In Experiment 1, thirty fertilized eggs were sampled on embryonic days (E) of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and thirty newly-hatched ducklings at hatch (E34 and E35). In Experiment 2, a total of 120 fertilized eggs (60 eggs for each group) were injected into the yolk sac with PBS as the control group and LA as the IOF LA group on E25. Twelve eggs were selected for sample collection on E28 and E31. Serum contents of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate increased ( p < 0.05) linearly or quadratically from E16 to hatch, as well as hepatic glycogen and pyruvate contents. Hepatic mRNA expression related to energy homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis increased ( p < 0.05) in embryogenesis, and the plateau period was presented on E25–E31. IOF LA decreased ( p < 0.05) serum contents of glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and hepatic oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acids on E28, as well as the gene expression relative to gluconeogenesis. IOF LA increased ( p < 0.05) pyruvate content in serum and liver, and hepatic gene expression relative to glycolysis on E31. In summary, hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis were enhanced to meet the increasing energy demands of embryonic development during E25 – hatch. Exogenous LA intervention on E25 could inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhance glycolysis during the later developmental period, disrupting glucose embryonic homeostasis and energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qilin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Wen’s Food Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Wen’s Food Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | | | | | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Yongwen Zhu,
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Yang,
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Schultz P, Mistry SP. A technique for the isolation of chicken hepatocytes and their use in a study of gluconeogenesis. Poult Sci 1981; 60:643-52. [PMID: 6272259 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0600643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new technique was developed for the isolation of chicken liver parenchymal cells. Glucose produced from 10 mM lactate was proportional to the amount of cells present. In the time-course study, gluconeogenesis from lactate and fructose was linear up to 60 min. Fructose proved to be the best substrate. Fructose was converted to glucose at the highest rate; this was followed by lactate, pyruvate, and xylitol. Alanine, glycerol, propionate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and succinate proved to be poor substrates. There was no statistical difference between the results obtained with hepatocytes obtained from fed or fasted chickens. The isolated hepatocytes responded to glucagon, dibutyryl-cAMP, and epinephrine. The dose-response for glucagon was a sigmoid-curve and the half-maximum stimulation was given by approximately 1 x 10(-2) micrometers hormone. The same type of curve was obtained with dibutyryl-cAMP, but the half-maximum stimulation was achieved at around 1.0 micrometer. The response to epinephrine was marginal. In the time-course experiment, prior to glucagon stimulation, glucose accumulated at a linear rate (slope = .2484). After the addition of the hormone, the level of cAMP increased by about 30% in the first minute and reached a peak (100%) in about 2 min; thereafter, it decreased to the level prior to the stimulation by the hormone. Two minutes after the addition of glucagon there was a significant increase in the rate of gluconeogenesis; this continued for another 3 min and then at a slower pace (slope = .2566).
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