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Nayak N, Bhanja SK, Chakurkar EB, Sahu AR, Ashitha K, Shivasharanappa N, D'Mello AD. Impact of bioclimatic factors on physio-biochemical and molecular response of slow-growing poultry reared in tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:253. [PMID: 37386351 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Most of the climatic studies projected on heat stress have considered heat extremes, but not the humidity. Hence, this work was carried out to evaluate thermotolerance, production performance, physio-biochemical and immunological response of slow-growing poultry towards various temperature-humidity levels in coastal climate. A total of 240 straight run CARI-Debendra birds were reared in three groups based on temperature-humidity indices (THI > 80, = 75-80 and < 75). Significant difference (P < 0.01) in rectal and body surface temperatures was observed among treatment groups. Lowest body weight was observed in THI > 80 group as 1.45 kg at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake and FCR; however, total water intake had increased in heat-stressed group. Birds under THI > 80 group had significantly low gizzard weight only at the 12th week compared to other groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in relative weight and length of intestine were noticed which was comparable between seasonal control and THI > 80 group but lower than THI < 75 group at the 6th week. However, at the 12th week, intestinal weight varied among the groups (P = 0.08), but intestinal size did not differ. Among immune organs, significant difference (P < 0.05) was noted only in weight of thymus. Except Cl-, other biochemical indices such as cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, K+ and Na+ did not differ among treatment groups. Relative expression of HSP70 gene was differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the liver, intestine and breast muscles under different THI. The changes reported in seasonal control group during month of October to December revealed better thermotolerance capacity and adaptability of CARI-Debendra birds to coastal hot-humid climate. However, response of this breed to heat stress (THI > 80) reported decrease in growth, immune response and mineral balance attributable to heat loss efficacy in high humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Nayak
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eaknath B Chakurkar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
- ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, A&N Islands, India
| | - Amiya Ranjan Sahu
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
| | - K Ashitha
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
| | - N Shivasharanappa
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atasha Delia D'Mello
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Velha Goa, Goa, India
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Downing JA. Nutritional strategies to support performance of commercial Pekin ducks exposed to a high-temperature thermal challenge over 29–41 days of age. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Elshafaei H, Rashed R, Goma A, El-Kazaz S, Kerr M, Smith M, Hopkins D, Downing J. Use of water electrolyte supplementation for three days prior to processing helps alleviate the consequences of a severe thermal challenge on performance in meat chickens. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lin H, Jiao H, Buyse J, Decuypere E. Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - H.C. Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - J. Buyse
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Decuypere
- Lab of Animal Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animal, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Katholic University Leuven, Belgium
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Electrolytes, dietary electrolyte balance and salts in broilers: an updated review on acid-base balance, blood and carcass characteristics. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Leeson S. Physiological and metabolic responses of broilers to heat stress - implications for protein and amino acid nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gonzalez-Esquerra
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G, 2W1, Canada
| | - S. Leeson
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G, 2W1, Canada
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Sahin N, Hayirli A, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Akdemir F, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4317-4324. [PMID: 29053811 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the organic complex form of supplemental chromium (Cr) on performance, oxidative stress markers, and serum profile in broilers exposed to heat stress (HS). A total of 1,200 10-day-old boilers (Ross-308) was divided into one of the 6 treatments (2 environmental temperatures x 3 diets with different Cr forms). The birds were kept in temperature-controlled rooms at either 22 ± 2°C 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN group) or 34 ± 2°C for 8 h/d, 08:00 to 17:00 h, followed by 22°C for 16 h (HS group) and fed either a basal diet (C) or the basal diet supplemented with Cr (200 μg/kg) through 1.600 mg of CrPic (12.43% Cr) and 0.788 mg of CrHis (25.22% Cr). Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. After cervical dislocation, liver samples were harvested to analyze Cr concentration and glucose transporter-2,4 (GLUT-2,4) expression. The breast meat also was sampled for the concentration of Cr and expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. Heat stress caused depressions in feed intake (12.1%) and weight gain (21.1%) as well as elevations in feed conversion (11.2%) and abdominal fat (32.8%). It was also associated with depletion of Cr reserves and increases in serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, creatine, and enzymes. Exposure to HS was accompanied by suppression of the expressions of Nrf2 and GLUT-2 in muscle and GLUT-4 in the liver and amplification of the expression of NF-κB in muscle. Both Cr sources partially alleviated detrimental effects of HS on performance and metabolic profile. The efficacy of Cr as CrHis was more notable than Cr as CrPic, which could be attributed to higher bioavailability. In conclusion, CrHis can be added into the diet of broilers during hot seasons to overcome deteriorations in performance and wellbeing related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - A Hayirli
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - F Akdemir
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Inonu University, 44180 Malatya, Turkey
| | - J R Komorowski
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 Inc, 1 Manhattanville Road, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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Downing J, Kerr M, Hopkins D. The effects of pre-transport supplementation with electrolytes and betaine on performance, carcass yield and meat quality of broilers in summer and winter. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Attia YA, Abd El-Hamid AEHE, Abedalla AA, Berika MA, Al-Harthi MA, Kucuk O, Sahin K, Abou-Shehema BM. Laying performance, digestibility and plasma hormones in laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress as affected by betaine, vitamin C, and/or vitamin E supplementation. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1619. [PMID: 27652192 PMCID: PMC5028346 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress had a negative effect on laying hens’ performance, thus this research was to study the influences of betaine (Bet, 1000 mg/kg betaine), vitamin C (VC, 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid), and vitamin E (VE, 150 mg/kg α-Tocopherol acetate) and their possible combinations on egg production, digestibility of nutrients, plasma hormones and reproductive organs of dual-purpose hens exposed to chronic heat stress. Two hundred and eighty eight hens and thirty-six cocks from 32 to 48 weeks of age were divided into nine treatment groups of four replicates, each containing eight hens and one cock. One group was kept under thermo-natural condition and the eight others were kept under chronic heat stress (CHS). One of these eight was used as a negative control, while the others were supplemented with VC, VE and/or betaine and their possible combinations. Body weights, laying rate, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in hens reared under CHS rooster without any supplementation during 32 to 48 weeks of impairment (P = 0.0052) were recorded. Hens reared under heat stress and fed a diet supplemented with either Bet, VC, VE or combination of the supplements increased production traits. However, hens supplemented with VC showed the greatest production traits. Plasma glucose, estradiol-17 (E2), progesterone (P4), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) decreased in hens reared under CHS and fed a diet with no supplementation compared to the other treatments (P = 0.001). Liver weights, spleen weights, thyroid gland weights, ovary weights, oviduct weights and oviduct lengths were lowest in hens reared under CHS and fed a diet with no supplementation (P = 0.0480). In conclusion, dual purpose hens reared under CHS and supplemented with VC at 200 mg/kg diet and Bet at 1000 mg/kg enhanced the laying performance and combated CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed A Abedalla
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marfat A Berika
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Baha M Abou-Shehema
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Barbosa Lima R, Silva JHVD, Givisiez PEN, Martins TDD, Saraiva EP, Costa FGP, Macari M. Influence of environmental temperature and electrolyte balance on the performance of quails (Coturnix Coturnix Coturnix). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1603249-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Orhan C, Akdemir F, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Komorowski J, Hayirli A, Sahin K. Chromium histidinate protects against heat stress by modulating the expression of hepatic nuclear transcription factors in quail. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:828-35. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.747084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Sahin K, Sahin N, Kucuk O, Hayirli A, Prasad AS. Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry: a review. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2176-83. [PMID: 19762873 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High ambient temperatures compromise performance and productivity through reducing feed intake and decreasing nutrient utilization, growth rate, egg production, egg quality, and feed efficiency, which lead to economic losses in poultry. Environmental stress also leads to oxidative stress associated with a reduced antioxidant status in the bird in vivo, as reflected by increased oxidative damage and lowered plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (e.g., vitamins E, A, and C) and minerals (e.g., Zn). Zinc has an important role in numerous biological processes in avian and mammalian species. For instance, Zn is an essential component of many enzymes, and it has both structural and catalytic functions in metalloenzymes. Furthermore, dietary Zn is required for normal immune function as well as proper skeletal development and maintenance. One of the most important functions of Zn is related to its antioxidant role and its participation in the antioxidant defense system. This work compiles past and present information about the role of Zn in heat-stressed poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
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Mushtaq T, Mirza MA, Athar M, Hooge D, Ahmad T, Ahmad G, Mushtaq M, Noreen U. Dietary Sodium and Chloride for Twenty-Nine-to Forty-Two-Day-Old Broiler Chickens at Constant Electrolyte Balance Under Subtropical Summer Conditions. J APPL POULTRY RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/16.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Souza BB, Bertechini AG, Teixeira AS, Lima JAF, Pereira SL, Fassani EJ. Efeitos dos cloretos de potássio e de amônia sobre o desempenho e deposição de gordura na carcaça de frangos de corte criados no verão. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2002000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Foram utilizados 240 frangos machos, Hubbard, com peso médio inicial de 1204g, em DIC, com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 2, sendo 2 níveis de KCl (0,0% e 1,2%) x 3 níveis de NH4Cl (0,0%; 0,2% e 0,4%) x 2 níveis de energia (3000 e 3200 kcal EM/kg de ração), com 4 repetições de 5 aves por parcela. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: peso médio (PM), consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP), conversão alimentar (CA), rendimento de carcaça (RC) e gordura abdominal (GA). Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico Statistical Analyses System (SAS, 1996). As temperaturas máxima e mínima foram de 32,7° e 22,8°C, e o índice de temperatura do globo negro e umidade (ITGU) observado às 9:00 e 15:00 horas foi de 76 e 83, respectivamente. A análise de variância revelou interação (p<0,05) apenas entre o KCl e o nível energético da ração sobre o CR. Não se verificou efeito (p>0,05) dos fatores estudados sobre o PM e GP. Para a CA houve efeito (p<0,05) do NH4Cl e do nível energético da ração. Para o rendimento de carcaça, não se observou efeito (p>0,05) dos fatores estudados. Os frangos que receberam ração suplementada com 1,2% KCl apresentaram menor teor de gordura abdominal (p<0,05) em relação aos que não receberam a suplementação (1,16% vs 1,40%, respectivamente) e o nível energético alto elevou significativamente (p<0,01) a gordura abdominal em relação ao nível baixo (1,42% vs 1,14%, respectivamente). Com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a elevação do nível energético da ração melhorou a conversão alimentar e aumentou a gordura abdominal; o KCl não afetou o desempenho, mas reduziu (p<0,05) a gordura abdominal independente do nível de energia da dieta; e a suplementação com 0,4% de NH4Cl piorou a conversão alimentar de frangos de corte criados no verão.
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Affiliation(s)
- BB Souza
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
| | | | | | - JAF Lima
- Universidade Federal de Campina Lavras
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Lei S, van Beek G. Influence of activity and dietary energy on broiler performance, carcase yield and sensory quality. Br Poult Sci 1997; 38:183-9. [PMID: 9158894 DOI: 10.1080/00071669708417966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. A total of 2560 male and female Ross broilers were raised to 42 days of age in a 2 X 2 treatment factorial arrangement experiment to investigate the influence of different degrees of physical activity and dietary energy on broiler performance, abdominal fat content, carcase yield and sensory quality. 2. Vertical fans were used to force the treatment birds to walk 3 to 4 times as far as the normal activity birds: birds were fed a normal and a high energy diet (12.55 compared with 13.81 MJ ME/kg) with the same energy/protein, energy/lysine and energy/methionine + cystine ratios. 3. High activity birds had greater body weight (+4.1%), food intake (+5.1%) and ME intake (+5.1%) than normal activity birds. Birds receiving high energy diet had a lower food conversion and food intake than birds receiving normal energy diet. There were no significant differences in body weight or ME intake between birds with different diets. 4. Slaughter yields, both absolute and relative to live body weight, were affected by activity or dietary energy to varying degrees. Breast meat was increased with more activity. The absolute weight of abdominal fat was independent of activity and in males the relative weight of abdominal fat was decreased in high activity birds. 5. Different degrees of activity and dietary energy had only minor influences on broilers sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, China
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Belay T, Teeter RG. Effects of ambient temperature on broiler mineral balance partitioned into urinary and faecal loss. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:423-33. [PMID: 8773851 DOI: 10.1080/00071669608417873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Two experiments were conducted on control (intact) and colostomised 4 to 7 week old broilers to evaluate the influence of 24 degrees C, diurnally cycling 24 to 35 degrees C and chronic 35 degrees C ambient temperatures on broiler mineral balance, urinary and faecal mineral excretion and urinary osmolar characteristics. 2. In the first experiment, colostomy had no significant effect on mineral balance. However, broilers exposed to high cycling ambient temperature reduced their retention of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, sulphur, manganese, copper and zinc compared with birds housed at 24 degrees C. 3. Despite the minimal effect of high ambient temperature on urine production, minerals excreted disproportionately excreted in urine included potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur while copper and magnesium were lost primarily via the faeces. 4. In the second experiment, exposure to 35 degrees C increased urine output from 50.7 ml/12 h per kg of body weight at 24 degrees C to 101.3 ml/12 h per kg of body weight and was associated with an increased urine:water ratio and reduced urine osmolality. 5. Reduced urinary chloride and higher potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, sodium, magnesium, calcium and manganese excretion was observed for broilers housed in under high ambient temperatures compared to 24 degrees C. 6. These studies suggest that high ambient temperatures adversely influence mineral metabolism and, furthermore, that the route of excretion varies with the specific mineral and the environmental temperature exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Belay
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Animal Science, Stillwater 74078, USA
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