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Heydari H, Iranikhah A, Ghasemi A, Mohammadbeigi A, Sadat-Mirei SA, Shams S, Kermani S. Evaluation of the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and Clostridioides difficile in immunocompromised children with diarrhea. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:512. [PMID: 38778271 PMCID: PMC11110422 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Diarrhea is a common disease in immunocompromised patients and can be associated with greater morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and C. difficile among immunocompromised children. METHODS This study was conducted on 130 stool samples from patients with diarrhea who had defects in the immune system and were referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Children's Hospital in Qom. Demographic information, clinical symptoms, immune status, and duration of chemotherapy were also recorded for each child. DNAs were extracted from the stool, and then direct PCR assays were done by specific primers for the detection of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and toxigenic C. difficile, including tcdA/B and cdtA/B genes. Co-infection in patients was also evaluated. RESULTS 60.8% and 39.2% were male and female, respectively, with a m ± SD age of 56.72 ± 40.49 months. Most cases of immunocompromised states were related to Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (77.7%) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (14.6%). 93.1% of patients were undergoing chemotherapy during the study. Among patients, most clinical symptoms were related to bloody diarrhea (98.5%) and fever (92.3%). Based on PCR, 14.6, 9.2, and 1.5% were positive for Aeromonas spp., C. difficile, and C. jejuni, respectively. Among the C. difficile-positive cases, the tcdA gene was only detected in one patient. In total, three co-infections were identified, which included Aeromonas spp./C. difficile (tcdA+), C. jejuni/C. difficile, and C. jejuni/Aeromonas spp. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Iran to investigate the simultaneous prevalence of some pathogens in immunocompromised children with diarrhea. Because Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and C. difficile are not routinely detected in some laboratories, infections caused by them are underappreciated in the clinic. Our results showed that these pathogens are present in our region and can cause gastroenteritis in children, especially those with underlying diseases. Therefore, increasing the level of hygiene in some areas and controlling bacterial diarrheal diseases should be given more attention by health officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Heydari
- Pediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Iranikhah
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Kermani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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Olson EG, Dittoe DK, Chatman CC, Majumder ELW, Ricke SC. General media over enrichment media supports growth of Campylobacter jejuni and maintains poultry cecal microbiota enabling translatable in vitro microbial interaction experiments. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad312. [PMID: 38126123 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the suitability of two media types, Bolton enrichment broth (BEB) and anaerobic dilution solution (ADS), in replicating the poultry cecal environment to investigate metabolic interactions and Campylobacter presence within poultry ceca. METHODS Using an anaerobic in vitro poultry cecal model, cecal contents (free of culturable Campylobacter) were diluted in BEB and ADS, inoculated with 105 CFU of Campylobacter jejuni, and incubated for 48 h at 42°C under microaerophilic conditions. Samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 h. Genomic DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Data underwent analysis within QIIME2-2021.11, including alpha and beta diversity assessments, ANOVA, ADONIS, ANCOM, and Bradford assay for protein concentration. RESULTS ADS supported a more diverse microbial population than BEB, influencing C. jejuni presence. ANCOM highlighted dominant genera in BEB (Lactobacillus and Campylobacter) and affirmed C. jejuni growth in ADS. Core microbiota analysis revealed unique associations with each media type, while the Bradford assay indicated ADS consistently yielded more uniform microbial growth. CONCLUSIONS ADS was identified as a preferred diluent for faithfully replicating cecal microbial changes in the presence of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - Chamia C Chatman
- Bacteriology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Bacteriology Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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Ziomek M, Gondek M, Torracca B, Marotta F, Garofolo G, Wieczorek K, Michalak K, Fratini F, Pedonese F. Occurrence of Campylobacter in Faeces, Livers and Carcasses of Wild Boars Hunted in Tuscany (Italy) and Evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Campylobacter Species. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040778. [PMID: 36832850 PMCID: PMC9956588 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 193 wild boars hunted in Tuscany, an Italian region with a high presence of wild ungulates, were examined to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter species in faeces, bile, liver and carcasses, with the aim of clarifying their contribution to human infection through the food chain. Campylobacter spp. were found in 44.56% of the animals, 42.62% of the faecal samples, 18.18% of the carcass samples, 4.81% of the liver tissues and 1.97% of the bile samples. The Campylobacter species genotypically identified were C. coli, C. lanienae, C. jejuni and C. hyointestinalis. The prevalent species transpired to be C. coli and C. lanienae, which were isolated from all the matrices; C. jejuni was present in faeces and liver, while C. hyointestinalis only in faeces. Identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) on 66 out of 100 isolates identified genotypically, and the technique yielded unsatisfactory results in the case of C. lanienae, which is responsible for sporadic human disease cases. The level of Campylobacter spp. contamination of meat and liver underlines the need to provide appropriate food safety information to hunters and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ziomek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (F.P.); Tel.: +48-81-445-68-91 (M.Z.); +39-050-2216707 (F.P.)
| | - Michał Gondek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beatrice Torracca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedonese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (F.P.); Tel.: +48-81-445-68-91 (M.Z.); +39-050-2216707 (F.P.)
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Kong N, Luo Y, Liu J, Yao G, Hu Y, Shu S, Li C, Bi S. Subtyping of Campylobacter coli isolated from raw poultry meat in retail markets using amplified intergenic locus polymorphism - A novel rapid subtyping method. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 204:106662. [PMID: 36572193 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide more phylogenetic information of Campylobacter coli in large-scale epidemiological investigation, this work was undertaken to develop a novel genotyping method based on amplified intergenic locus polymorphism (AILP), by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; using SmaI enzymes) as control. Eleven pairs of primers were selected to type C. coli strains for this purpose. A total of 68 C. coli isolates recovered from 51 retail raw chicken and 37 retail raw duck were subtyped. The Simpson's index of diversity (SID) of AILP and PFGE, as well as the adjusted Rand index (AR) and the adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW) between AILP and PFGE, were calculated. The new AILP method differentiated 68 C. coli isolates into 55 different subtypes (SID = 0.993), compared with 46 different profiles obtained from PFGE (SID = 0.980). The SID value of the AILP method was improved with the increasing number of primers, and a combination of 7 loci was selected as the optimal combination. The congruent analysis of the AILP method and PFGE showed moderate congruence between the two methods (AR = 0.462). The AW indicated that if AILP data is the available one can confidently predict the PFGE cluster. The results of this study showed that the AILP method had higher discrimination than PFGE and also allowed for significant reduction in time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqing Kong
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Gefeng Yao
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Hu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghuang Shu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China; College of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuilian Bi
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, Guangdong, China.
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Current methodologies and future direction of Campylobacter isolation and detection from food matrices, clinical samples, and the agricultural environment. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 201:106562. [PMID: 36049611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in both developed and developing countries. The food commodities primarily attributed to campylobacteriosis include raw milk, poultry, seafood, and fresh produce. Furthermore, insects, animal/bird fecal material, and agricultural water have been shown to be the sources of Campylobacter contamination in these commodities. Both established and emerging species of Campylobacter have been recovered from food and environmental sources. Therefore, optimal detection and isolation of Campylobacter spp., including the emerging species, is critical for improved surveillance, prevention, and traceback of Campylobacter outbreaks. This review focuses on the existing variability in Campylobacter enrichment and isolation procedures used by researchers and regulatory agencies worldwide, for various matrices. Additionally, the challenges associated with developing and validating new culture, molecular, and immunological methods for rapid and sensitive Campylobacter detection are discussed.
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Horvat A, Luning PA, DiGennaro C, Rommens E, van Daalen E, Koene M, Jalali MS. The impacts of biosecurity measures on Campylobacter contamination in broiler houses and slaughterhouses in the Netherlands: A simulation modelling approach. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ahmed NA, Gulhan T. Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern? Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812591. [PMID: 35222311 PMCID: PMC8867025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis continues to be one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial zoonotic infections worldwide. Despite its public health importance, the status of this disease in wild birds and the possibility of transmission from wild birds to domestic animals and humans have not been clearly elucidated yet. This article reviews the available literature with the aim of making a comprehensive manuscript on this disease status in wild birds and the possibility of interspecies transmission. Campylobacter has been isolated from various species of wild birds worldwide, with C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated species. The prevalence of Campylobacter in wild birds may vary depending on several factors like geographical location, season, the bird’s health status, bird species, sample type, the method used, and ecological factors. Molecular studies over the past two to three decades have characterized Campylobacter strains isolated from wild birds and have come up with results that fall into two categories. The first are those that report overlapping strains among human, domestic animal, and wild bird isolates. The results of the studies under this category emphasize that wild birds carry strains of Campylobacter, which are indistinguishable from domestic animals and humans and are therefore an important public and animal health concern. In contrast, the studies under the second category highlight significant differences in Campylobacter population structure among these hosts. Despite the controversiality and the inadequacy of current research to draw a full conclusion, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter should not be undermined as drug-resistant strains, especially resistance to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, are increasingly documented. In addition, source attribution studies have linked human cases of Campylobacter infections to wild birds. Therefore, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter infection should not be neglected. However, in order to determine disease status in wild birds and the precise role of wild birds in domestic animals and human health, detail-oriented epidemiological investigations characterizing the genetic relatedness of isolates from the respective species and environment through one health approach are warranted.
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Predicting Hospital Readmission for Campylobacteriosis from Electronic Health Records: A Machine Learning and Text Mining Perspective. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010086. [PMID: 35055401 PMCID: PMC8779953 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigates influential risk factors for predicting 30-day readmission to hospital for Campylobacter infections (CI). (2) Methods: We linked general practitioner and hospital admission records of 13,006 patients with CI in Wales (1990–2015). An approach called TF-zR (term frequency-zRelevance) technique was presented to evaluates how relevant a clinical term is to a patient in a cohort characterized by coded health records. The zR is a supervised term-weighting metric to assign weight to a term based on relative frequencies of the term across different classes. Cost-sensitive classifier with swarm optimization and weighted subset learning was integrated to identify influential clinical signals as predictors and optimal model for readmission prediction. (3) Results: From a pool of up to 17,506 variables, 33 most predictive factors were identified, including age, gender, Townsend deprivation quintiles, comorbidities, medications, and procedures. The predictive model predicted readmission with 73% sensitivity and 54% specificity. Variables associated with readmission included male gender, recurrent tonsillitis, non-healing open wounds, operation for in-gown toenails. Cystitis, paracetamol/codeine use, age (21–25), and heliclear triple pack use, were associated with a lower risk of readmission. (4) Conclusions: This study gives a profile of clustered variables that are predictive of readmission associated with campylobacteriosis.
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Gahamanyi N, Song DG, Yoon KY, Mboera LEG, Matee MI, Mutangana D, Amachawadi RG, Komba EVG, Pan CH. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, and Genetic Diversity of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From a Layer Poultry Farm in Korea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622275. [PMID: 33859624 PMCID: PMC8043113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the major etiologies of bacterial enteritis globally. This study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from a layer poultry farm in South Korea. One hundred fifty-three chicken feces were collected from two layer poultry farms in Gangneung, South Korea. The Campylobacter species were isolated by cultural techniques, while PCR and sequencing were used for species confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)] was carried out by broth microdilution. Three AMR and nine virulence genes were screened by PCR. Genotyping was performed by flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Of the 153 samples, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55 (35.9%), with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli being 49 (89.1%) and six (10.9%), respectively. High-level resistance was observed for CIP (100%), NAL (100%), and TET (C. jejuni, 93.9%; C. coli: 83.3%). No resistance was observed for SIT. The missense mutation (C257T) in gyrA gene was confirmed by sequencing, while the tet(O) gene was similar to known sequences in GenBank. The rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was 8.2%, and they all belonged to C. jejuni. All Campylobacter isolates possessed five virulence genes (cdtB, cstII, flaA, cadF, and dnaJ), but none possessed ggt, while the rates for other genes (csrA, ciaB, and pldA) ranged between 33.3 and 95.9%. The flaA-RFLP yielded 26 flaA types (C. jejuni: 21 and C. coli: five), while the MLST showed 10 sequence types (STs) for C. jejuni and three STs for C. coli, with CC-607 (STs 3611) and CC-460 (ST-460) being predominant. Among the 10 STs of C. jejuni, three were newly assigned. The findings of this study highlight the increased resistance to quinolones and TET, the virulence potential, and the diverse genotypes among Campylobacter strains isolated from the layer poultry farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Gahamanyi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kye-Yoon Yoon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Leonard E. G. Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erick V. G. Komba
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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Heimesaat MM, Backert S, Alter T, Bereswill S. Human Campylobacteriosis-A Serious Infectious Threat in a One Health Perspective. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:1-23. [PMID: 33620646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic Campylobacter species-mainly C. jejuni and C. coli-are major causes of food-borne bacterial infectious gastroenteritis worldwide. Symptoms of intestinal campylobacteriosis include abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. The clinical course of enteritis is generally self-limiting, but some infected individuals develop severe post-infectious sequelae including autoimmune disorders affecting the nervous system, the joints and the intestinal tract. Moreover, in immunocompromised individuals, systemic spread of the pathogens may trigger diseases of the circulatory system and septicemia. The socioeconomic costs associated with Campylobacter infections have been calculated to several billion dollars annually. Poultry meat products represent major sources of human infections. Thus, a "One World-One Health" approach with collective efforts of public health authorities, veterinarians, clinicians, researchers and politicians is required to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis. Innovative intervention regimes for the prevention of Campylobacter contaminations along the food chain include improvements of information distribution to strengthen hygiene measures for agricultural remediation. Given that elimination of Campylobacter from the food production chains is not feasible, novel intervention strategies fortify both the reduction of pathogen contamination in food production and the treatment of the associated diseases in humans. This review summarizes some current trends in the combat of Campylobacter infections including the combination of public health and veterinary preventive approaches with consumer education. The "One World-One Health" perspective is completed by clinical aspects and molecular concepts of human campylobacteriosis offering innovative treatment options supported by novel murine infection models that are based on the essential role of innate immune activation by bacterial endotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Food safety remains a significant public health issue for the poultry industry. Foodborne pathogens can be in contact at all phases of poultry production, from initial hatch to processing and ultimately to retail and meal preparation. Salmonella and Campylobacter have been considered the primary foodborne pathogens associated with poultry. Both organisms are major causative agents of human foodborne illness. Limiting these pathogens in poultry production requires identifying their sources and routes of transmission. This involves the ability to isolate and precisely identify them using methodologies capable of discernment at the genome level. Interventions to reduce their occurrence in poultry production employ two basic strategies: prevention of establishment and elimination of already-established pathogens. This review provides an overview of current findings and prospects for further research on poultry food safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science & Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;
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Vásquez-Ampuero JM, Tasayco-Alcántara WR. Presencia de patógenos en carne cruda de pollo en centros de expendio, Huánuco-Perú. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2020.110200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vásquez-Ampuero JM, Tasayco-Alcántara WR. Presence of pathogens in raw chicken meat in retail centers, Huánuco-Peru. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2020.110200130x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Development of PCR-Based Detection System for Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae Pathogens Using Molecular Signatures. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030358. [PMID: 32131497 PMCID: PMC7143467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, usually referred to as soft rot Enterobacteriaceae, are phytopathogenic genera of bacteria that cause soft rot and blackleg diseases and are responsible for significant yield losses in many crops across the globe. Diagnosis of soft rot disease is difficult through visual disease symptoms. Pathogen detection and identification methods based on cultural and morphological identification are time-consuming and not always reliable. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method with the species-specific primers is fast and reliable for detecting soft rot pathogens. We have developed a specific and sensitive detection system for some species of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogens in the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera based on the use of species-specific primers to amplify unique genomic segments. The specificities of primers were verified by PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 14 strains of Pectobacterium, 8 strains of Dickeya, and 6 strains of non-soft rot bacteria. This PCR assay provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable method for detection of soft rot bacteria.
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Banowary B, Dang VT, Sarker S, Connolly JH, Chenu J, Groves P, Raidal S, Ghorashi SA. Evaluation of Two Multiplex PCR-High-Resolution Melt Curve Analysis Methods for Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Intraspecies. Avian Dis 2019; 62:86-93. [PMID: 29620472 DOI: 10.1637/11739-080417-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and remains a significant global public health issue. The capability of two multiplex PCR (mPCR)-high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis methods (i.e., mPCR1-HRM and mPCR2-HRM) to detect and differentiate 24 poultry isolates and three reference strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was investigated. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were successfully differentiated in both assays, but the differentiation power of mPCR2-HRM targeting the cadF gene was found superior to that of mPCR1-HRM targeting the gpsA gene or a hypothetical protein gene. However, higher intraspecies variation within C. coli and C. jejuni isolates was detected in mPCR1-HRM when compared with mPCR2-HRM. Both assays were rapid and required minimum interpretation skills for discrimination between and within Campylobacter species when using HRM curve analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banya Banowary
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Van Tuan Dang
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Subir Sarker
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,C School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Joanne H Connolly
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Jeremy Chenu
- D Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia 2556
| | - Peter Groves
- E University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006
| | - Shane Raidal
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Seyed Ali Ghorashi
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
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16
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Kanaan MHG, Abdulwahid MT. Prevalence Rate, Antibiotic Resistance and Biotyping of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Isolated from Poultry Products Vended in Wasit Markets. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a public cause of globally identified human gastrointestinal disease. Nonetheless, in Iraq many sides of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and its impact on public health remain poorly understood. Hence, this study was taken to offer reference information on the prevalence rate, sensitivity to antibiotics and biotyping of Campylobacter in poultry products sold in the Wasit markets. A total of 85 samples were collected including chicken (n = 45) and turkey (n =40) meat were surveyed for isolation and identification. Thermotolerant Campylobacter was detected in 54 samples by which Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was recognized as a main species accounting for 37(68.5%),while Campylobacter coli (C. coli) had 17 (31.5%) of the positive samples. Highest resistance was perceived to oxacillin and tetracycline as (94.4% and 85.2%), respectively. While lowest rate of resistance, 29.6% was detected against gentamicin. Campylobacter coli isolates showed higher resistance rate than C. jejuni isolates towards the selected antibiotics. In addition, multiple drug resistance (MDR) to at least three antibiotics was detected in the vast majority (90.7%) of the experienced isolates. Forty- three (79.6%) of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR-index) 0.4 and above. Results of biotyping showed that biotype I was the predominant biotype in the two species as 70.2 and 76.5 proportions in C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Our results proposed that the presence of Campylobacter in poultry with greater resistance to erythromycin and/ or ciprofloxacin triggers the public health alarm and accentuates the education of consumers on the quality and safety of such foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan
- Department of Agriculture, Technical Institute of Suwaria, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Western Asia
| | - Mushtaq Talib Abdulwahid
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Western Asia
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17
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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from clinical specimens, Iran. Int Microbiol 2019; 22:391-398. [PMID: 30875037 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the clonal correlation of Campylobacter strains isolated from diarrheal children under 5 years of age in Iran using the PFGE method and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene content of strains. Of 750 patients with bacterial diarrhea, 33 (4%) Campylobacter spp., including 31 C. jejuni (94%) and 2 C. coli (6%), were isolated during 18-month period in Tehran, Iran. Except for one strain, remaining Campylobacter strains were positive for the flaA gene. A complete set of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) encoding genes (cdtABC) were detected in 52% of the C. jejuni strains, while the 2 C. coli isolates under study only harbored cdtA and cdtB of the CDT cluster. All strains were resistant to at least three antibiotic classes. Resistance to ampicillin among C. coli and C. jejuni strains was 100% and 84%, respectively, and 80% of all strains were susceptible to gentamicin. PFGE genotyping generated 19 pulsotypes with two major clusters, displaying the maximum and minimum similarity of 100% and 26%, respectively. The C. coli strains showed clearly distinct pulsotypes and each fell within separate clusters. A very homogeneous Campylobacter population was detected among Iranian patients with 33 % of strains showing identical banding patterns and no clear correlation was observed between antibiotic resistance profiles and PFGE patterns of the isolates.
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18
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Würfel SFR, da Silva WP, de Oliveira MG, Kleinubing NR, Lopes GV, Gandra EA, Dellagostin OA. Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. Poult Sci 2019; 98:932-939. [PMID: 30137619 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is regarded as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world and most cases of human campylobacteriosis can be traced back to the consumption of poultry meat. In Brazil, few studies evaluated the genetic relatedness among Campylobacter isolates. The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. The presumptive identification of Campylobacter was performed using traditional microbiological analysis, followed by molecular confirmation by PCR. The genetic diversity of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 91.7% (33/36) of the samples, totaling 48 isolates. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species isolated (90.8%). PFGE data revealed 26 pulsotypes and 18 PFGE patterns composed of only 1 isolate. Campylobacter isolates exhibited high genetic diversity; however, some clones were recurrent in the poultry meat products sold on the retail market. As the south region of Brazil is an important producer and exporter of chicken meat, our results highlight the need to control this pathogen in the food chain in this area of the world to reduce the risks of exposing consumers to campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F R Würfel
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - W P da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - N R Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G V Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E A Gandra
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - O A Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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19
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Ricke SC, Feye KM, Chaney WE, Shi Z, Pavlidis H, Yang Y. Developments in Rapid Detection Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Campylobacter in the United States. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3280. [PMID: 30728816 PMCID: PMC6351486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. is critical for optimal surveillance throughout poultry processing in the United States. The further development of highly specific and sensitive assays to detect Campylobacter in poultry matrices has tremendous utility and potential for aiding the reduction of foodborne illness. The introduction and development of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of the food industry to identify the presence of foodborne pathogens throughout poultry production. Further innovations in various methodologies, such as immune-based typing and detection as well as high throughput analyses, will provide important epidemiological data such as the identification of unique or region-specific Campylobacter. Comparable to traditional microbiology and enrichment techniques, molecular techniques/methods have the potential to have improved sensitivity and specificity, as well as speed of data acquisition. This review will focus on the development and application of rapid molecular methods for identifying and quantifying Campylobacter in U.S. poultry and the emergence of novel methods that are faster and more precise than traditional microbiological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristina M. Feye
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Zhaohao Shi
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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20
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Awad A, Elkenany R, Sadat A, Ragab W, Elhadidy M. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Broiler Meat in Egypt. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:574-579. [PMID: 31930855 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.574.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infection with Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. Infections are mostly acquired due to consumption of raw or undercooked poultry. The aim of this pilot study is to determine the prevalence and the sequence types (STs) distribution of C. jejuni isolated from broiler meat in Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 190 broiler meat samples were collected from retail chicken shops located at Mansoura, Egypt and examined bacteriologically for the presence of Campylobacter spp. The biochemically identified Campylobacter isolates were confirmed by Multiplex PCR (m-PCR). In addition, multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) was used for genotyping of C. jejuni isolates. RESULTS Thirty two Campylobacter isolates divided into C. coli (25 isolates) and C. jejuni (7 isolates) were recovered. Multiplex PCR results found to be 100% in line with biochemical identification. Out of 7 C. jejuni isolates genotyped by MLST, 4 isolates were assigned to ST21, 2 isolates were assigned to ST48 and one isolate was assigned to ST464. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information concerning the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and sequence types distribution of C. jejuni recovered from broiler meat for the first time in Egypt. The identified sequence types from this study were frequently reported in human illnesses. Thus, the present results highlight the importance of the retail broiler meat as a significant source for human Campylobacter infection.
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21
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Duarte A, Botteldoorn N, Miller W, Coucke W, Martiny D, Hallin M, Seliwiorstow T, De Zutter L, Uyttendaele M, Vandenberg O, Dierick K. Relation between broiler and humanCampylobacter jejunistrains isolated in Belgium from 2011 to 2013. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:277-287. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Duarte
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
| | - N. Botteldoorn
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
| | - W.G. Miller
- USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology; Albany CA USA
| | - W. Coucke
- Section Quality of Laboratories; Sciensano; Brussels Belgium
| | - D. Martiny
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Microbiology; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Hallin
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - T. Seliwiorstow
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - M. Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - O. Vandenberg
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Microbiology; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Environmental Health and Occupational Health; School of Public Health; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - K. Dierick
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
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22
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Comparative restriction enzyme mapping of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from turkeys and broilers based on flaA flagellar gene using HpyF3I endonuclease. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:189-195. [PMID: 30151662 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Turkeys and broilers have been identified as important reservoirs for Campylobacter jejuni which is of public health significance. The evaluation of the genotypes among C. jejuni strains within different reservoirs is critical for our understanding of the epidemiology of this infectious agent. The present study aimed to compare the genetic diversity and differences of C. jejuni isolates from turkeys and broilers using flagellin PCR-RFLP typing (flaA typing) technique, in terms of the ease of use and discriminatory power. Sixty C. jejuni isolates were detected biochemically and confirmed by duplex-PCR from turkeys and broilers (30 strains from each bird species). Then, a flaA gene fragment (1725 bp) of C. jejuni isolates was amplified and amplicons were digested with HpyF3I enzyme. Restriction analysis by HpyF3I gave four different flaA patterns (H1, H2, H3, H4) among all tested C. jejuni isolates. In broiler isolates, all four patterns were observed but in turkey isolates, only H2 and H4 patterns were present. The results clearly demonstrated that distribution of the flaA typing patterns differed depending on the host species (broiler/turkey). H1 and H3 flaA types are more prevalent in broiler than turkey isolates, while H2 type is significantly more prevalent within isolates from turkey (p < 0.05). The flaA typing technique by digestion with HpyF3I enzyme can almost give us a clue to the source of infection in local outbreaks.
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23
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Iglesias-Torrens Y, Miró E, Guirado P, Llovet T, Muñoz C, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Madrid C, Balsalobre C, Navarro F. Population Structure, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence-Associated Genes in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Three Ecological Niches: Gastroenteritis Patients, Broilers, and Wild Birds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1676. [PMID: 30116225 PMCID: PMC6083060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the causal agent of the food-borne infection with the highest incidence in Europe. Both poultry and wild birds are a major reservoir. To gain insight into the population structure, virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a collection of 150 isolates from three different ecological niches (broilers, wild birds, and human patients) was studied. Despite the high genetic diversity found, the population structure defined two distinct clusters, one formed mostly by broiler and human isolates and another one by most wild bird isolates. The ST-21 complex exhibits highest prevalence (in humans and broilers), followed by ST-1275 complex (only in wild birds). The ST-48, -45, and -354 complexes were found in all three niches, but represent only 22 out of 150 studied strains. A higher occurrence of AMR and multidrug resistance was detected among broiler and human isolates. Moreover, significant differences were found in the distribution of certain putative virulence genes. Remarkably, many wild bird strains were negative for either cdtA, cdtB, or cdtC from the canonical strain 81-176, whereas all broiler and human strains were positive. These data suggest that the different variants of the cdt genes might be relevant for the efficient colonization of certain hosts by C. jejuni. Our study contributes to the understanding of the role of the diverse Campylobacter reservoirs in the transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaidelys Iglesias-Torrens
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Miró
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Guirado
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Llovet
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Madrid
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsalobre
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Cantero G, Correa-Fiz F, Ronco T, Strube M, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Pedersen K. Characterization ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliBroiler Isolates by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:145-152. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cantero
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Troels Ronco
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Strube
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Pedersen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Sloan A, Wang G, Cheng K. Traditional approaches versus mass spectrometry in bacterial identification and typing. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:180-185. [PMID: 28866114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical methods such as metabolite testing and serotyping are traditionally used in clinical microbiology laboratories to identify and categorize microorganisms. Due to the large variety of bacteria, identifying representative metabolites is tedious, while raising high-quality antisera or antibodies unique to specific biomarkers used in serotyping is very challenging, sometimes even impossible. Although serotyping is a certified approach for differentiating bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella at the subspecies level, the method is tedious, laborious, and not practical during an infectious disease outbreak. Mass spectrometry (MS) platforms, especially matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), have recently become popular in the field of bacterial identification due to their fast speed and low cost. In the past few years, we have used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based approaches to solve various problems hindering serotyping and have overcome some insufficiencies of the MALDI-TOF-MS platform. The current article aims to review the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of MS-based platforms over traditional approaches in bacterial identification and categorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sloan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gehua Wang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keding Cheng
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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26
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Vinueza-Burgos C, Wautier M, Martiny D, Cisneros M, Van Damme I, De Zutter L. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2366-2374. [PMID: 28339716 PMCID: PMC5850218 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The linkage of human campylobacteriosis and poultry has been widely described. In this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of C. coli and C. jejuni in broilers from Ecuador. Caecal content from 379 randomly selected broiler batches originating from 115 farms were collected from 6 slaughterhouses located in the province of Pichincha during 1 year. Microbiological isolation was performed by direct plating on mCCDA agar. Identification of Campylobacter species was done by PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, and erythromycin were obtained. Genetic variation was assessed by RFLP-flaA typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of selected isolates. Prevalence at batch level was 64.1%. Of the positive batches 68.7% were positive for C. coli, 18.9% for C. jejuni, and 12.4% for C. coli and C. jejuni. Resistance rates above 67% were shown for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. The resistance pattern tetracycline, ciprofloxin, and nalidixic acid was the dominant one in both Campylobacter species. RFLP-flaA typing analysis showed that C. coli and C. jejuni strains belonged to 38 and 26 profiles respectively. On the other hand MLST typing revealed that C. coli except one strain belonged to CC-828, while C. jejuni except 2 strains belonged to 12 assigned clonal complexes (CCs). Furthermore 4 new sequence types (STs) for both species were described, whereby 2 new STs for C. coli were based on new allele sequences. Further research is necessary to estimate the impact of the slaughter of Campylobacter positive broiler batches on the contamination level of carcasses in slaughterhouses and at retail in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Wautier
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis, LHUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Martiny
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Cisneros
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Inge Van Damme
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary. Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary. Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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27
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Bronnec V, Turoňová H, Bouju A, Cruveiller S, Rodrigues R, Demnerova K, Tresse O, Haddad N, Zagorec M. Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and Genomic Features of Campylobacter jejuni Bf, an Atypical Strain Able to Grow under Aerobic Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1002. [PMID: 27446042 PMCID: PMC4927563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in Europe. Human campylobacteriosis cases are frequently associated to the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. To survive under environmental conditions encountered along the food chain, i.e., from poultry digestive tract its natural reservoir to the consumer's plate, this pathogen has developed adaptation mechanisms. Among those, biofilm lifestyle has been suggested as a strategy to survive in the food environment and under atmospheric conditions. Recently, the clinical isolate C. jejuni Bf has been shown to survive and grow under aerobic conditions, a property that may help this strain to better survive along the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion capacity of C. jejuni Bf and its ability to develop a biofilm. C. jejuni Bf can adhere to abiotic surfaces and to human epithelial cells, and can develop biofilm under both microaerobiosis and aerobiosis. These two conditions have no influence on this strain, unlike results obtained with the reference strain C. jejuni 81-176, which harbors only planktonic cells under aerobic conditions. Compared to 81-176, the biofilm of C. jejuni Bf is more homogenous and cell motility at the bottom of biofilm was not modified whatever the atmosphere used. C. jejuni Bf whole genome sequence did not reveal any gene unique to this strain, suggesting that its unusual property does not result from acquisition of new genetic material. Nevertheless some genetic particularities seem to be shared only between Bf and few others strains. Among the main features of C. jejuni Bf genome we noticed (i) a complete type VI secretion system important in pathogenicity and environmental adaptation; (ii) a mutation in the oorD gene involved in oxygen metabolism; and (iii) the presence of an uncommon insertion of a 72 amino acid coding sequence upstream from dnaK, which is involved in stress resistance. Therefore, the atypical behavior of this strain under aerobic atmosphere may result from the combination of insertions and mutations. In addition, the comparison of mRNA transcript levels of several genes targeted through genome analysis suggests the modification of regulatory processes in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Turoňová
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stéphane Cruveiller
- CNRS-UMR 8030 and Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA/DRF/IG/Genoscope LABGeMEvry, France
| | | | - Katerina Demnerova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyPrague, Czech Republic
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Saint-Cyr MJ, Guyard-Nicodème M, Messaoudi S, Chemaly M, Cappelier JM, Dousset X, Haddad N. Recent Advances in Screening of Anti-Campylobacter Activity in Probiotics for Use in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:553. [PMID: 27303366 PMCID: PMC4885830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter species involved in this infection usually include the thermotolerant species Campylobacter jejuni. The major reservoir for C. jejuni leading to human infections is commercial broiler chickens. Poultry flocks are frequently colonized by C. jejuni without any apparent symptoms. Risk assessment analyses have identified the handling and consumption of poultry meat as one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis, so elimination of Campylobacter in the poultry reservoir is a crucial step in the control of this foodborne infection. To date, the use of probiotics has demonstrated promising results to reduce Campylobacter colonization. This review provides recent insights into methods used for probiotic screening to reduce the prevalence and colonization of Campylobacter at the farm level. Different eukaryotic epithelial cell lines are employed to screen probiotics with an anti-Campylobacter activity and yield useful information about the inhibition mechanism involved. These in vitro virulence models involve only human intestinal or cervical cell lines whereas the use of avian cell lines could be a preliminary step to investigate mechanisms of C. jejuni colonization in poultry in the presence of probiotics. In addition, in vivo trials to evaluate the effect of probiotics on Campylobacter colonization are conducted, taking into account the complexity introduced by the host, the feed, and the microbiota. However, the heterogeneity of the protocols used and the short time duration of the experiments lead to results that are difficult to compare and draw conclusions at the slaughter-age of broilers. Nevertheless, the combined approach using complementary in vitro and in vivo tools (cell cultures and animal experiments) leads to a better characterization of probiotic strains and could be employed to assess reduced Campylobacter spp. colonization in chickens if some parameters are optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Soumaya Messaoudi
- SECALIM Unit UMR1014, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne LoireNantes, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | | | - Xavier Dousset
- SECALIM Unit UMR1014, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne LoireNantes, France
| | - Nabila Haddad
- SECALIM Unit UMR1014, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne LoireNantes, France
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Nguyen TNM, Hotzel H, El-Adawy H, Tran HT, Le MTH, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, Hafez HM. Genotyping and antibiotic resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from chicken and pig meat in Vietnam. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:19. [PMID: 27175218 PMCID: PMC4863348 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species are recognized as the most common cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. In this study nine Campylobacter strains isolated from chicken meat and pork in Hanoi, Vietnam, were characterized using molecular methods and tested for antibiotic resistance. RESULTS The nine isolates (eight C. jejuni and one C. coli) were identified by multiplex PCR, and tested for the presence or absence of 29 gene loci associated with virulence, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis and further functions. flaA typing, multilocus sequence typing and microarray assay investigation showed a high degree of genetic diversity among these isolates. In all isolates motility genes (flaA, flaB, flhA, fliM), colonization associated genes (cadF, docB), toxin production genes (cdtA, cdtB, secD, secF), and the LOS biosynthesis gene pglB were detected. Eight gene loci (fliY, virB11, Cje1278, Cj1434c, Cj1138, Cj1438c, Cj1440c, Cj1136) could not be detected by PCR. A differing presence of the gene loci ciaB (22.2 %), Cje1280 (77.8 %), docC (66.7 %), and cgtB (55.6 %) was found. iamA, cdtC, and the type 6 secretion system were present in all C. jejuni isolates but not in C. coli. flaA typing resulted in five different genotypes within C. jejuni, MLST classified the isolates into seven sequence types (ST-5155, ST-6736, ST-2837, ST-4395, ST-5799, ST-4099 and ST-860). The microarray assay analysis showed a high genetic diversity within Vietnamese Campylobacter isolates which resulted in eight different types for C. jejuni. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles showed that all isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and most isolates (88.8 %) were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and streptomycin. Resistance rates to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were 88.9, 77.8 and 66.7 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report that shows high genetic diversity and remarkable antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains isolated from meat in Vietnam which can be considered of high public health significance. These preliminary data show that large scale screenings are justified to assess the relevance of Campylobacter infections on human health in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- />HungVuong University, Viet Tri, PhuTho Vietnam
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- />Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
- />Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanh Thi Tran
- />Institute of Tropical Diseases and Zoonoses Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Hong Le
- />Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- />Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
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Salazar JK, Wang Y, Yu S, Wang H, Zhang W. Polymerase chain reaction-based serotyping of pathogenic bacteria in food. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Molecular gene profiling of Clostridium botulinum group III and its detection in naturally contaminated samples originating from various European countries. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2495-505. [PMID: 25636839 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03915-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development of real-time PCR assays for genotyping Clostridium botulinum group III targeting the newly defined C. novyi sensu lato group; the nontoxic nonhemagglutinin (NTNH)-encoding gene ntnh; the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-encoding genes bont/C, bont/C/D, bont/D, and bont/D/C; and the flagellin (fliC) gene. The genetic diversity of fliC among C. botulinum group III strains resulted in the definition of five major subgroups named fliC-I to fliC-V. Investigation of fliC subtypes in 560 samples, with various European origins, showed that fliC-I was predominant and found exclusively in samples contaminated by C. botulinum type C/D, fliC-II was rarely detected, no sample was recorded as fliC-III or fliC-V, and only C. botulinum type D/C samples tested positive for fliC-IV. The lack of genetic diversity of the flagellin gene of C. botulinum type C/D would support a clonal spread of type C/D strains in different geographical areas. fliC-I to fliC-III are genetically related (87% to 92% sequence identity), whereas fliC-IV from C. botulinum type D/C is more genetically distant from the other fliC types (with only 50% sequence identity). These findings suggest fliC-I to fliC-III have evolved in a common environment and support a different genetic evolution for fliC-IV. A combination of the C. novyi sensu lato, ntnh, bont, and fliC PCR assays developed in this study allowed better characterization of C. botulinum group III and showed the group to be less genetically diverse than C. botulinum groups I and II, supporting a slow genetic evolution of the strains belonging to C. botulinum group III.
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Yamada K, Ibata A, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Yamashita T, Minagawa H, Kurane R. Designing multiplex PCR system of Campylobacter jejuni for efficient typing by improving monoplex PCR binary typing method. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hammerl JA, Jäckel C, Alter T, Janzcyk P, Stingl K, Knüver MT, Hertwig S. Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chicken by successive application of group II and group III phages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114785. [PMID: 25490713 PMCID: PMC4260947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophage treatment is a promising tool to reduce Campylobacter in chickens. Several studies have been published where group II or group III phages were successfully applied. However, these two groups of phages are different regarding their host ranges and host cell receptors. Therefore, a concerted activity of group II and group III phages might enhance the efficacy of a treatment and decrease the number of resistant bacteria. RESULTS In this study we have compared the lytic properties of some group II and group III phages and analysed the suitability of various phages for a reduction of C. jejuni in broiler chickens. We show that group II and group III phages exhibit different kinetics of infection. Two group III and one group II phage were selected for animal experiments and administered in different combinations to three groups of chickens, each containing ten birds. While group III phage CP14 alone reduced Campylobacter counts by more than 1 log10 unit, the concomitant administration of a second group III phage (CP81) did not yield any reduction, probably due to the development of resistance induced by this phage. One group of chickens received phage CP14 and, 24 hours later, group II phage CP68. In this group of animals, Campylobacter counts were reduced by more than 3 log10 units. CONCLUSION The experiments illustrated that Campylobacter phage cocktails have to be carefully composed to achieve the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Hertwig
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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34
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Larsen MH, Dalmasso M, Ingmer H, Langsrud S, Malakauskas M, Mader A, Møretrø T, Smole Možina S, Rychli K, Wagner M, John Wallace R, Zentek J, Jordan K. Persistence of foodborne pathogens and their control in primary and secondary food production chains. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Gölz G, Rosner B, Hofreuter D, Josenhans C, Kreienbrock L, Löwenstein A, Schielke A, Stark K, Suerbaum S, Wieler LH, Alter T. Relevance of Campylobacter to public health--the need for a One Health approach. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:817-23. [PMID: 25266744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. With increasing reporting rates, the public awareness towards Campylobacter infections is growing continuously. This strengthens the necessity to establish intervention measures for prevention and control of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. along the food chain, as in particular poultry and poultry meat represent a major source of human infections. An interdisciplinary One Health approach and a combined effort of all stakeholders are necessary to ultimately reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis cases in humans. Numerous studies point out, however, that at present a complete elimination of Campylobacter in the food chain is not feasible. The present aim should therefore be to establish control measures and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in livestock (e.g. poultry flocks) and to reduce the quantitative Campylobacter burden in animals and foods. To this end, a combination of intervention methods at different stages of the food chain appears most promising. That has to be accompanied by targeted consumer advice and education campaigns to raise the awareness towards Campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Rosner
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Hofreuter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christine Josenhans
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anna Löwenstein
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Schielke
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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A systematic review characterizing on-farm sources of Campylobacter spp. for broiler chickens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104905. [PMID: 25171228 PMCID: PMC4149356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers.
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Ahmed MU, Dunn L, Valcanis M, Hogg G, Ivanova EP. Double-locus sequence typing using porA and peb1A for epidemiological studies of Campylobacter jejuni. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 11:194-9. [PMID: 24404778 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Bacterial typing schemes play an important role in epidemiological investigations to trace the source and route of transmission of the infectious agent by identifying outbreak and differentiating among sporadic infections. In this study, a double-locus sequence typing (DLST) scheme for C. jejuni based on concatenated partial sequences of porA and peb1A genes is proposed. The DLST scheme was validated using 50 clinical and environmental C. jejuni strains isolated from human (C5, H, H15-H19), chicken (CH1-CH15), water (W2-W17), and ovine samples (OV1-OV6). The scheme was found to be highly discriminatory (discrimination index [DI]=0.964) and epidemiologically concordant based on C. jejuni strains studied. The DLST showed discriminatory power above 0.95 and excellent congruence to multilocus sequence typing and can be recommended as a rapid and low-cost typing scheme for epidemiological investigation of C. jejuni. It is suggested that the DLST scheme is suitable for identification of outbreak strains and differentiation of the sporadic infection strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir U Ahmed
- 1 Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria, Australia
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38
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Taboada EN, Clark CG, Sproston EL, Carrillo CD. Current methods for molecular typing of Campylobacter species. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:24-31. [PMID: 23871858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter remains one of the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Tracking sources of this organism is challenging due to the large numbers of human cases, and the prevalence of this organism throughout the environment due to growth in a wide range of animal species. Many molecular subtyping methods have been developed to characterize Campylobacter species, but only a few are commonly used in molecular epidemiology studies. This review examines the applicability of these methods, as well as the role that emerging whole genome sequencing technologies will play in tracking sources of Campylobacter spp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Taboada
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, PO Box 640, Township Rd. 9-1, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada.
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González-Hein G, García P, Foerster C, Troncoso M, Figueroa G. Campylobacter jejuniisolated from human cases in Chile showed indistinguishable pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles with strains isolated from poultry and bovine sources. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.722564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Genetic diversity of the flagellin genes of Clostridium botulinum groups I and II. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3926-32. [PMID: 23603687 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00686-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by phenotypically and genetically different Clostridium species, including Clostridium botulinum and some strains of Clostridium baratii (serotype F) and Clostridium butyricum (serotype E). BoNT-producing clostridia responsible for human botulism encompass strains of group I (secreting proteases, producing toxin serotype A, B, or F, and growing optimally at 37°C) and group II (nonproteolytic, producing toxin serotype E, B, or F, and growing optimally at 30°C). Here we report the development of real-time PCR assays for genotyping C. botulinum strains of groups I and II based on flaVR (variable region sequence of flaA) sequences and the flaB gene. Real-time PCR typing of regions flaVR1 to flaVR10 and flaB was optimized and validated with 62 historical and Canadian C. botulinum strains that had been previously typed. Analysis of 210 isolates of European origin allowed the identification of four new C. botulinum flaVR types (flaVR11 to flaVR14) and one new flaVR type specific to C. butyricum type E (flaVR15). The genetic diversity of the flaVR among C. botulinum strains investigated in the present study reveals the clustering of flaVR types into 5 major subgroups. Subgroups 1, 3, and 4 contain proteolytic Clostridium botulinum, subgroup 2 is made up of nonproteolytic C. botulinum only, and subgroup 5 is specific to C. butyricum type E. The genetic variability of the flagellin genes carried by C. botulinum and the possible association of flaVR types with certain geographical areas make gene profiling of flaVR and flaB promising in molecular surveillance and epidemiology of C. botulinum.
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El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, Taboada EN, Ehricht R, Hafez HM. Detection of genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a commercial turkey flock using flaA typing, MLST analysis and microarray assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51582. [PMID: 23437035 PMCID: PMC3577800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is genetically highly diverse and undergoes frequent intraspecific recombination. Turkeys have been identified as an important reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni which is of public health significance. The assessment of the genetic diversity among Campylobacter population is critical for our understanding of the epidemiology of this bacterium. The genetic profiles were different according to the molecular typing methods used. The performance of established flaA genotyping, multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and DNA microarray assay based on the ArrayTube™ technology was evaluated using 14 Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a commercial turkey flock. The flaA typing was performed using PCR-RFLP with restriction enzymes Sau3AI, AluI, a ‘composite’ flaA analysis of AluI and Sau3AI and DdeI. The 14 isolates were differentiated into 3, 5, 7 and 9 genotypes, respectively. Entire flaA gene and short variable region (SVR) sequences were analysed. Sequencing of the entire flaA provided 11 different genotypes. flaA-SVR sequence analysis detected 8 flaA alleles and 4 flaA peptides. One new flaA allele type (528) was identified. MLST analysis represented 10 different sequence types (STs) and 5 clonal complexes (CCs). The microarray assay recognised 14 different genotypes. The discriminatory indices were 0.560, 0.802, 0.857, and 0.912 for flaA-RFLP depending on the used enzymes, 0.890 for flaA-SVR, 0.967 for entire flaA sequencing, 0.945 for MLST and 1.00 for the DNA microarray assay. The flaA gene was genetically stable over 20 passages on blood agar. In conclusion, the different typing tools demonstrated a high level of genetic heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni in a turkey flock, indicating that a single flock can be infected by multiple genotypes within one rearing cycle. DNA microarray-based assays had the highest discriminatory power when compared with other genotyping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.
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42
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Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling of Campylobacter isolated from cattle in Polish slaughterhouses. Food Microbiol 2012; 34:130-6. [PMID: 23498189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 812 samples from bovine hides and the corresponding carcasses collected at the slaughterhouse level in the eastern part of Poland were examined for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Recovered isolates were confirmed using species-specific PCR, characterized by the presence of 11 putative virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a microbroth dilution method. Furthermore, the genotypic relatedness of the isolates was determined by PFGE profiling and virulence pattern cluster analysis. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 25.6% and 2.7% in bovine hide and carcass samples, respectively. The presence of virulence markers varied between C. jejuni and C. coli species however, the majority of strains possessed the cadF, flhA, flaA genes, irrespective of the bacterial species and origin. The lower number of the strains was positive for the invasive associated markers -virB11 and wlaN. Antibiotic profiling showed that campylobacters were most frequently resistant to quinolones and fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, 38.3% of each, respectively) followed by streptomycin (24.3%) and tetracycline (20.9%). Resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin was demonstrated in 4.3% and 2.6% of strains, respectively. Comparisons of the PFGE and virulence marker profiles of the isolates reflected the high genetic diversity of Campylobacter tested. Moreover, a poor correlation between the PFGE type, pathogenic gene marker and antimicrobial resistance patterns was observed.
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