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Honaker CF, Taylor RL, Edens FW, Siegel PB. Growth of White Leghorn Chicken Immune Organs after Long-Term Divergent Selection for High or Low Antibody Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1487. [PMID: 38791704 PMCID: PMC11117304 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term divergent selection from a common founder population for a single trait-antibody response to sheep erythrocytes 5 days post-injection-has resulted in two distinct lines of White Leghorn chickens with a well-documented difference in antibody titers: high (HAS)- and low (LAS)-antibody selected lines. Subpopulations-high (HAR)- and low (LAR)-antibody relaxed-were developed from generation 24 of the selected lines to relax selection. The objective of the current experiment was to determine if this long-term selection and relaxation of selection impacted the growth of two organs important to chicken immunity: the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius. Spleens and bursae were obtained from ten chickens per line at nine timepoints (E18, D0, D6, D13, D20, D35, D49, D63, and D91) throughout their rapid growth phase and presented as a percent of body weight. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. For the spleen, all lines consistently increased in size relative to body weight to D49, followed by a consistent decline. All lines had a similar growth pattern, but HAS spleens grew faster than LAS spleens. For the bursa, LAS was smaller than the other three lines as an embryo and also smaller than HAS through D63. In the selected lines, bursa weight peaked at D35, whereas the relaxed lines peaked at D49. By D91, there was no difference between lines. Artificial and natural selection, represented by the long-term selected and relaxed antibody lines, resulted in differences in the growth patterns and relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert L. Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Frank W. Edens
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Paul B. Siegel
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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2
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Fulton JE, Drobik-Czwarno W, Wolc A, McCarron AM, Lund AR, Schmidt CJ, Taylor RL. The Chicken A and E Blood Systems Arise from Genetic Variation in and around the Regulators of Complement Activation Region. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1128-1137. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The tightly linked A and E blood alloantigen systems are 2 of 13 blood systems identified in chickens. Reported herein are studies showing that the genes encoding A and E alloantigens map within or near to the chicken regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster, a region syntenic with the human RCA. Genome-wide association studies, sequence analysis, and sequence-derived single-nucleotide polymorphism information for known A and/or E system alleles show that the most likely candidate gene for the A blood system is C4BPM gene (complement component 4 binding protein, membrane). Cosegregation of single-nucleotide polymorphism–defined C4BPM haplotypes and blood system A alleles defined by alloantisera provide a link between chicken blood system A and C4BPM. The best match for the E blood system is the avian equivalent of FCAMR (Fc fragment of IgA and IgM receptor). C4BPM is located within the chicken RCA on chicken microchromosome 26 and is separated from FCAMR by 89 kbp. The genetic variation observed at C4BPM and FCAMR could affect the chicken complement system and differentially guide immune responses to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Fulton
- *Research and Development, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA
| | - Wiola Drobik-Czwarno
- †Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wolc
- *Research and Development, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA
- ‡Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Amy M. McCarron
- *Research and Development, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA
| | - Ashlee R. Lund
- *Research and Development, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA
| | - Carl J. Schmidt
- §Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE; and
| | - Robert L. Taylor
- ¶Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Faraji-Arough H, Maghsoudi A, Ghazaghi M, Rokouei M. Additive and non-additive genetic effects of humoral immune traits in Japanese quail. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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4
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Zhang J, Goto RM, Honaker CF, Siegel PB, Taylor RL, Parmentier HK, Miller MM. Association of MHCY genotypes in lines of chickens divergently selected for high or low antibody response to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101621. [PMID: 34995879 PMCID: PMC8741507 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken MHCY region contains members of several gene families including a family of highly polymorphic MHC class I genes that are structurally distinct from their classical class I gene counterparts. Genetic variability at MHCY could impart variability in immune responses, but robust tests for whether or not this occurs have been lacking. Here we defined the MHCY genotypes present in 2 sets of chicken lines selected for high or low antibody response, the Virginia Tech (VT) HAS and LAS, and the Wageningen University (WU) HA and LA lines. Both sets were developed under long-term bidirectional selection for differences in antibody responses following immunization with the experimental antigen sheep red blood cells. Lines in which selection was relaxed (VT HAR and LAR) or lacking (WU C) provided controls. We looked for evidence of association between MHCY genotypes and antibody titers. Chickens were typed for MHCY using a recently developed method based on a multilocus short tandem repeat sequence found across MHCY haplotypes. Five MHCY haplotypes were found segregating in the VT HAS and LAS lines. One haplotype was present only in HAS chickens, and another was present only in LAS chickens with distribution of the remaining 3 haplotypes differing significantly between the lines. In the WU HA and LA lines, there was a similar MHCY asymmetry. The control populations lacked similar asymmetries. These observations support the likelihood of MHCY genetics affecting heritable antibody responses and provide a basis for further investigations into the role of MHCY region genes in guiding immune responses in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - Ronald M Goto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA
| | - Christa F Honaker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6108 USA
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia M Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 USA.
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5
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Tixier-Boichard M. From the jungle fowl to highly performing chickens: are we reaching limits? WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Levels in Chickens Selected for Low Body Weight, Red Junglefowl, and their Reciprocal Cross. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:245-252. [PMID: 32055221 PMCID: PMC7005393 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses of an individual to food deprivation, such as a 16-h fast, are complex, and are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Domestication is an ongoing process during which adaptations to changing environments occur over generations. Food deprivation by their caretakers is less for domestic chickens than for their junglefowl ancestors. Unlike domestic chicken, the junglefowl adapted over generations to periods of food deprivation, which may be reflected in differences in metabolic responses to brief periods without food. Here, we compared the blood glucose and plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) among four populations when deprived of feed for 16 h. The four populations included a domestic White Rock experimental line (LWS) maintained for generations under ad libitum feeding, adult red junglefowl (RJF), and a reciprocal cross of the lines. Although there were significant differences in adult (31-week) body weight between the RJF (683 g) and LWS (1282 g), with the weight of F1 crosses being intermediate, the amount of abdominal fat relative to body weight was similar for all populations. Patterns for blood glucose responses to a glucose bolus after a 16-h fast were similar for the initial and final points in the parental and cross populations. However, RJF reached their peak faster than LWS, with the reciprocal cross intermediate to the parental populations. Plasma NEFA concentrations were higher after the 16-h fast than in fed states, with no population differences for the fasting state. However, in the fed state, NEFA levels were lesser for LWS than for others, which was reflected further in percentage change from fed to fasted. This larger change in LWS suggests differences in mobilization of energy substrates and implies that during domestication or development of the LWS line, thresholds for responses to acute stressors may have increased.
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Bayesian analysis of genetic parameters for early growth traits and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sutherland DAAT, Honaker CF, Dorshorst B, Andersson L, Brisbin IL, Siegel PB. Growth patterns for three generations of an intercross between red junglefowl and chickens selected for low body weight. J Anim Breed Genet 2018; 135:300-310. [PMID: 29926987 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth is a complex and dynamic process that may be measured at a specific point or over a period of time. Compared was the growth of male and female chickens over a three-generation period. Involved were red junglefowl (RJF; Gallus gallus), a line of White Plymouth Rock chickens (LWS; Gallus gallus domesticus) selected for low body weight, and their reciprocal F1 and F2 crosses. In both sexes, Gompertz's description of growth showed that RJF had significantly lower asymptotes, earlier inflection points, and faster growth rates than LWS. Heterosis for these measures was positive for asymptote and negative for growth rate and inflection point. The RJF commenced egg production at a significantly younger age and lower body weight than LWS. Although F1 and F2 reciprocal crosses were similar for body weight and for age at first egg, the F1 reciprocal crosses began lay at significantly younger ages than the F2 crosses and parental lines. When viewed on a physiological basis where age and body weight were simultaneously standardized, both parental lines and reciprocal F1 and F2 crosses had differing rapid and lag growth phases. Overall, sexual dimorphism increased in all populations from hatch to sexual maturity. The LWS males had a longer growth period consistent with their female counterparts who became sexually mature at older ages. Comprehensively, these results indicate additive and nonadditive genetic variation for distinct growth patterns and changes in resource allocation strategies over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Dorshorst
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Leif Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Lehr Brisbin
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Yuan Y, Liu S, Zhao Y, Lian L, Lian Z. Interferon-γ acts as a regulator in the trade-off between phagocytosis and production performance in dwarf chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:40. [PMID: 29796253 PMCID: PMC5964881 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and bacterial infections. IFN-γ reportedly affects the phagocytic ability of monocytes and macrophages as well as regulates pituitary function in humans and mice. The present study analyzed the impact of IFN-γ on monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis, production performance, and pituitary function in vivo and in vitro (in dwarf chickens). IFN-γ was injected into dwarf chickens through a vein, and then, the laying rate, average egg weight, and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and IFN-γ were measured in treatment and control groups. For the in vitro experiment, the pituitary tissues were supplemented with IFN-γ, and the mRNA expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSH-β), interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), and interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2) in the pituitary were assessed. Results Monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis product (PP) was decreased by IFN-γ treatment in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, the level of IFN-γ in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group at 7 d (P < 0.05), 14 d (P < 0.01), and 21 d (P < 0.01) post-injection. Compared with the control group, monocyte and macrophage PP was lower in the treatment group after injection (P < 0.01). The laying rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 2 and 3 wk post-injection (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups in the levels of FSH at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d post-injection (P < 0.01). In the in vitro experiment, increased mRNA expression levels of FSH-β, IFNGR1, and IFNGR2 were observed in the treatment group after stimulation with 100 U/mL IFN-γ for 24 h compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions IFN-γ inhibited the phagocytosis of monocytes and macrophages; up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of the FSH-β, IFNGR1, and IFNGR2; enhanced the secretion of FSH; and improved the laying rate. IFN-γ might be an important regulator in the trade-off between the immune effect and production performance in dwarf chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shunqi Liu
- 2Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- 2Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ling Lian
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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10
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Yang L, Liu S, Ding J, Dai R, He C, Xu K, Honaker CF, Zhang Y, Siegel P, Meng H. Gut Microbiota Co-microevolution with Selection for Host Humoral Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1243. [PMID: 28725219 PMCID: PMC5495859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore coevolution between the gut microbiota and the humoral immune system of the host, we used chickens as the model organism. The host populations were two lines (HAS and LAS) developed from a common founder that had undergone 40 generations of divergent selection for antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and two relaxed sublines (HAR and LAR). Analysis revealed that microevolution of host humoral immunity contributed to the composition of gut microbiota at the taxa level. Relaxing selection enriched some microorganisms whose functions were opposite to host immunity. Particularly, Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospira enriched in high antibody relaxed (HAR) and contributed to reduction in antibody response, while Lactobacillus increased in low antibody relaxed (LAR) and elevated the antibody response. Microbial functional analysis showed that alterations were involved in pathways relating to the immune system and infectious diseases. Our findings demonstrated co-microevolution relationships of host-microbiota and that gut microorganisms influenced host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Christa F Honaker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Carilion ClinicRoanoke, VA, United States
| | - Paul Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - He Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Lillie M, Sheng Z, Honaker CF, Dorshorst BJ, Ashwell CM, Siegel PB, Carlborg Ö. Genome-wide standing variation facilitates long-term response to bidirectional selection for antibody response in chickens. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:99. [PMID: 28100171 PMCID: PMC5244587 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term selection experiments provide a powerful approach to gain empirical insights into adaptation, allowing researchers to uncover the targets of selection and infer their contributions to the mode and tempo of adaptation. Here we implement a pooled genome re-sequencing approach to investigate the consequences of 39 generations of bidirectional selection in White Leghorn chickens on a humoral immune trait: antibody response to sheep red blood cells. Results We observed wide genome involvement in response to this selection regime. Many genomic regions were highly differentiated resulting from this experimental selection regime, an involvement of up to 20% of the chicken genome (208.8 Mb). While genetic drift has certainly contributed to this, we implement gene ontology, association analysis and population simulations to increase our confidence in candidate selective sweeps. Three strong candidate genes, MHC, SEMA5A and TGFBR2, are also presented. Conclusions The extensive genomic changes highlight the polygenic genetic architecture of antibody response in these chicken populations, which are derived from a common founder population, demonstrating the extent of standing immunogenetic variation available at the onset of selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3414-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Lillie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden.
| | - Zheya Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Christa F Honaker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ben J Dorshorst
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
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12
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Landler L, Siegel PB. A Mysterious Topographic Bias: No Magnetic Effects on Chick Embryo Alignment? ANN ZOOL FENN 2016. [DOI: 10.5735/086.053.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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van der Klein S, Berghof T, Arts J, Parmentier H, van der Poel J, Bovenhuis H. Genetic relations between natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin and production traits in a purebred layer chicken line. Poult Sci 2015; 94:875-82. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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The identification of loci for immune traits in chickens using a genome-wide association study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117269. [PMID: 25822738 PMCID: PMC4378930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic improvement of disease resistance in poultry continues to be a challenge. To identify candidate genes and loci responsible for these traits, genome-wide association studies using the chicken 60k high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for six immune traits, total serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY) level, numbers of, and the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes, and antibody responses against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), were performed. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the relative expression of the identified candidate genes. Nine significantly associated SNPs (P < 2.81E-06) and 30 SNPs reaching the suggestively significant level (P < 5.62E-05) were identified. Five of the 10 SNPs that were suggestively associated with the antibody response to SRBC were located within or close to previously reported QTL regions. Fifteen SNPs reached a suggestive significance level for AIV antibody titer and seven were found on the sex chromosome Z. Seven suggestive markers involving five different SNPs were identified for the numbers of heterophils and lymphocytes, and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. Nine significant SNPs, all on chromosome 16, were significantly associated with serum total IgY concentration, and the five most significant were located within a narrow region spanning 6.4kb to 253.4kb (P = 1.20E-14 to 5.33E-08). After testing expression of five candidate genes (IL4I1, CD1b, GNB2L1, TRIM27 and ZNF692) located in this region, changes in IL4I1, CD1b transcripts were consistent with the concentrations of IgY, while abundances of TRIM27 and ZNF692 showed reciprocal changes to those of IgY concentrations. This study has revealed 39 SNPs associated with six immune traits (total serum IgY level, numbers of, and the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes, and antibody responses against AIV and SRBC) in Beijing-You chickens. The narrow region spanning 247kb on chromosome 16 is an important QTL for serum total IgY concentration. Five candidate genes related to IgY level validated here are novel and may play critical roles in the modulation of immune responses. Potentially useful candidate SNPs for marker-assisted selection for disease resistance are identified. It is highly likely that these candidate genes play roles in various aspects of the immune response in chickens.
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15
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Tu Y, Siegel PB. Asymmetries in chickens from lines selected and relaxed for high or low antibody titers to sheep red blood cells. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:323-7. [PMID: 25656213 PMCID: PMC4341075 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wattle length, width, and area were measured to classify bilateral asymmetries in four lines of chickens. The lines were the S26 generation of White Leghorns selected for high (HAS) or low (LAS) response to sheep red blood cells and sublines in which selection had been relaxed for three generations (high antibody relaxed [HAR] and low antibody relaxed [LAR]). Antibody titers (AB) were greater for HAS than for HAR with both greater than for LAS and LAR which while different for males did not differ for females. The low antibody lines were heavier and reached sexual maturity at younger age than the high antibody lines. In general, wattle length, width, and area were greater in the low than high antibody lines. In 24 comparisons for bilaterality 18 exhibited fluctuating asymmetry and 6 exhibited directional asymmetry with 5 of the 6 being for wattle length. There was not a clear pattern for changes in degree of asymmetry when selection was relaxed for 3 generations. For females, the relative asymmetry (RA) of wattle area was larger (p≤0.05) for HAR than for LAR and not different from the selected lines and relaxed lines. There were no differences among lines for RA of wattle length and width of females and wattle length, width, and area of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Tu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - P B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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16
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Swaggerty CL, Pevzner IY, Kogut MH. Selection for pro-inflammatory mediators yields chickens with increased resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Poult Sci 2014; 93:535-44. [PMID: 24604845 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness and can be transmitted through consumption of contaminated poultry; therefore, increasing a flock's natural resistance to Salmonella could improve food safety. Previously, we characterized the heterophil-mediated innate immune response of 2 parental broiler lines and F1 reciprocal crosses and showed that increased heterophil function and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators corresponds with increased resistance against diverse pathogens. A preliminary selection trial showed that individual sires had varying inherent levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and selection based on a high or low phenotype was passed onto progeny. Based on these results, we hypothesized selection of broilers for higher levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, CXCLi2, and CCLi2 would produce progeny with increased resistance against Salmonella Enteritidis. Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated from 75 commercial broiler sires, screened, and 10 naturally high and low expressing sires were selected and mated to randomly selected dams to produce the first generation of "high" and "low" progeny. The mRNA expression of CXCLi2 and CCLi2 were significantly (P ≤ 0.02) higher in the high progeny and were more resistant to liver and spleen organ invasion by Salmonella Enteritidis compared with low progeny. Production of the second generation yielded progeny that had differences (P ≤ 0.03) in all 3 mediators and further improved resistance against Salmonella Enteritidis. Feed conversion ratio and percent breast meat yield were calculated and were equal, whereas the high birds weighed slightly, but significantly, less than the low birds. These data clearly demonstrate that selection based on a higher phenotype of key pro-inflammatory mediators is a novel means to produce broilers that are naturally more resistant to Salmonella, one of the most important foodborne pathogens affecting the poultry industry.
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Sivaraman GK, Kumar S. Immunocompetence index selection of broiler chicken lines for disease resistance and their impact on survival rate. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.628-631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zwarycz B, Wong EA. Expression of the peptide transporters PepT1, PepT2, and PHT1 in the embryonic and posthatch chick. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1314-21. [PMID: 23571341 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide transporters 1 and 2 (PepT1 and PepT2) and peptide/histidine transporter 1 (PHT1) are all members of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter family, which are important for the transport of amino acids in peptide form. The PepT1 acts as a low-affinity/high-capacity transporter and PepT2 as a high-affinity/low-capacity transporter for di- and tri-peptides. The PHT1 transports di- and tri-peptides as well as histidine. The objective of this study was to profile PepT1, PepT2, and PHT1 mRNA expression in the proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ceca, large intestine, brain, heart, bursa of Fabricius, lung, kidney, and liver in layer chicks on embryonic d 18 and 20 and d 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 posthatch. Absolute quantification real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression. Expression of PepT1 was greatest in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Expression of PepT1 increased in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from late embryonic stages to posthatch and in the large intestine from late embryonic stages to d 10 posthatch. In the ceca, PepT1 expression increased from embryonic d 20 to d 1 posthatch and then decreased. Expression of PepT2 was greatest in the brain and kidney. Expression of PepT2 increased from d 10 to 14 in the bursa of Fabricius and decreased in the proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, and liver from late embryonic stages to posthatch. In the small intestine and liver, PepT2 may function to transport di- and tri-peptides during embryogenesis. The PHT1 was expressed in all tissues analyzed. Expression of PHT1 increased in the jejunum, large intestine, brain, and liver posthatch and decreased in the proventriculus from embryonic stages to posthatch. A tissue × age interaction was observed for all genes. The uptake of peptides in the developing chick is regulated by peptide transporters that are expressed in a tissue- and development-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zwarycz
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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Albrecht HN, Siegel PB, Pierson FW, Lewis RM. Egg quality traits differ in hens selected for high as compared with low antibody response to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 2013; 91:3025-31. [PMID: 23155009 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White Leghorn chickens were selected for 36 generations for high (HAS) or low (LAS) antibody response to SRBC 5 d after an intravenous challenge. Our objective was to determine differences in egg quality resulting from that selection. In total, eggs from 45 hens from each line were assessed for shape index (SI), weight (WT, g), albumen height (AH, mm), Haugh units (HU), yolk color (YC), and eggshell weight (ESW, g) and thickness (EST, mm). Three cycles representing early, middle, and late stages of production were examined. Eggs from HAS hens had higher SI scores (4.12 ± 0.55; P < 0.001) and greater AH (0.27 ± 0.12; P < 0.001) and HU (1.89 ± 0.91; P = 0.04) than LAS hens; conversely, eggs from LAS hens had greater EST (0.03 ± 0.01 g; P < 0.001) and heavier ESW (0.66 ± 0.09 g; P < 0.001) than HAS hens. Lines were similar for WT and YC (P > 0.52). Albumen height and HU decreased (P < 0.001), whereas WT, ESW, and EST increased (P < 0.001) over cycles for both lines. However, SI decreased in LAS hens, yet increased in HAS hens, across cycles (P < 0.001). An interaction between line and cycle was observed in WT, SI, ESW, and EST (P < 0.001), but only for WT did the interaction cause re-ranking across cycles. Egg quality was, generally, superior in HAS compared with LAS hens, suggesting that higher antibody response may maintain overall fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Albrecht
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA
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