1
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Liu Y, Li H. L-leucine promotes the synthesis of milk protein and milk fat in bovine mammary epithelial cells through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109732. [PMID: 39117078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia stress has been demonstrated to impede animal embryonic development, spermatogenesis, and lactation, leading to decreased animal production performance. However, the impact of hypoxia-induced activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling on milk protein and fat synthesis remains unclear. L-leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is known to modulate milk protein and fat synthesis. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-leucine on milk protein and fat synthesis under hypoxic conditions and shed light on the molecular mechanism using an in vitro model. The results indicated that hypoxia treatment significantly decreased the synthesis of α-casein and β-casein, as well as inhibited factors related to milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Additionally, hypoxia stress suppressed the activities of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (AKT). Interfering with HIF-1α significantly reversed the expression of AKT, mTOR and factors related to milk synthesis. Importantly, supplementation with L-leucine activated AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby enhancing milk protein and fat synthesis in MAC-T cells to some extent. In conclusion, these findings suggest that HIF-1 signaling plays an important role in milk synthesis and that L-leucine may stimulate the synthesis of milk protein and fat by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions, making it a potential additive for promoting milk synthesis inhibited by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Nie R, Bao H, Zhang B, Zhang H. Regulatory effects of circular RNA on hypoxia adaptation in chicken embryos. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad344. [PMID: 37788641 PMCID: PMC10629444 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan chicken, a native breed of the Tibetan plateau, is adapted to the high-altitude and hypoxic environment of the plateau. As endogenous molecules, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in the adaptation to hypoxic environments and regulation of angiogenesis. In this study, highland Tibetan and lowland Chahua chicken eggs were incubated in a hypoxic environment and the chorionic allantoic membrane was collected for Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing. A total of 1,414 circRNAs, mostly derived from exons, were identified. Of these, 93 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected between Tibetan and Chahua chickens. Combined with the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs identified in our previous study, we identified four circRNAs (circBRD1, circPRDM2, circPTPRS, and circDENND4C). These circRNAs may act as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate APOA1 expression by absorbing novel_miR_589, thereby regulating angiogenesis and affecting hypoxia adaptation in chicken embryos. The regulatory circRNAs/novel_miR_589/APOA1 axis provides valuable evidence for a better understanding of the specific functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in plateau hypoxia adaptation in Tibetan chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- General Department of Agricultural Museum, China Agricultural Museum, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruixue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haigang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Zhong H, Kong X, Zhang Y, Su Y, Zhang B, Zhu L, Chen H, Gou X, Zhang H. Microevolutionary mechanism of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken populations from an elevation gradient. Evol Appl 2022; 15:2100-2112. [PMID: 36540645 PMCID: PMC9753841 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an indigenous breed, the Tibetan chicken is found in highland regions and shows physiological adaptations to high altitude; however, the genetic changes that determine these adaptations remain elusive. We assumed that the microevolution of the Tibetan chicken occurred from lowland to highland regions with a continuous elevation range. In this study, we analyzed the genome of 188 chickens from lowland areas to the high-altitude regions of the Tibetan plateau with four altitudinal levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tibetan chickens are significantly different from other altitude chicken populations. Reconstruction of the demographic history showed that the migration and admixture events of the Tibetan chicken occurred at different times. The genome of the Tibetan chicken was also used to analyze positive selection pressure that is associated with high-altitude adaptation, revealing the well-known candidate gene that participates in oxygen binding (HBAD), as well as other novel potential genes (e.g., HRG and ANK2) that are related to blood coagulation and cardiovascular efficiency. Our study provides novel insights regarding the evolutionary history and microevolution mechanisms of the high-altitude adaptation in the Tibetan chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐An Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Kong
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina,College of Animal Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ya‐Wen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Kai Su
- Center for Computational GenomicsBeijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational GenomicsBeijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Gou
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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4
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Tona K, Voemesse K, N’nanlé O, Oke OE, Kouame YAE, Bilalissi A, Meteyake H, Oso OM. Chicken Incubation Conditions: Role in Embryo Development, Physiology and Adaptation to the Post-Hatch Environment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:895854. [PMID: 35677093 PMCID: PMC9170334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.895854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken hatching egg is a self-contained life-supporting system for the developing embryo. However, the post-hatch performance of birds depends on several factors, including the breeder management and age, egg storage conditions and duration before incubation, and the incubation conditions. Studies have determined the effect of incubation factors on chick post-hatch growth potential. Therefore, chick physical quality at hatch is receiving increasing attention. Indeed, although incubation temperature, humidity, turning and ventilation are widely investigated, the effects of several variables such as exposure of the embryo to high or low levels, time of exposure, the amplitude of variations and stage exposures on embryo development and post-hatch performance remain poorly understood. This review paper focuses on chick quality and post-hatch performance as affected by incubation conditions. Also, chick physical quality parameters are discussed in the context of the parameters for determining chick quality and the factors that may affect it. These include incubation factors such as relative humidity, temperature, turning requirements, ventilation, in ovo feeding and delay in feed access. All these factors affect chick embryo physiology and development trajectory and consequently the quality of the hatched chicks and post-hatch performance. The potential application of adapted incubation conditions for improvement of post-hatch performance up to slaughter age is also discussed. It is concluded that incubation conditions affect embryo parameters and consequently post-hatch growth differentially according to exposure time and stage of exposure. Therefore, classical physical conditions are required to improve hatchability, chick quality and post-hatch growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Tona
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- *Correspondence: K. Tona,
| | - K. Voemesse
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
- Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Lome, Togo
| | - O. N’nanlé
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - O. E. Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Y. A. E. Kouame
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - A. Bilalissi
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - H. Meteyake
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - O. M. Oso
- Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
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5
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Liu C, Zheng W, Zhu L, Tong Q, Li D. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on chicken eggs during the early and late incubation periods. Animal 2022; 16:100499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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6
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Effects of Calcium Lactate on the Development of Chicken Embryos in a Shell-less Culture System up to Day Seventeen of Incubation. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:168-174. [PMID: 35528375 PMCID: PMC9039142 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of calcium lactate on the development of chicken embryos in a shell-less culture system (cSLCS) up to the seventeenth day of incubation. In the presence of calcium lactate, a significant reduction in embryo viability was observed during the first week of incubation in cSLCS. On day 17 of embryo development, no significant difference was observed in the blood plasma calcium concentration or tibia bone density between cSLCS and intact control embryos, whereas the tibia length was significantly shorter in cSLCS embryos than in the intact control. These results suggest that calcium lactate supplementation in cSLCS supports bone formation in developing chicken embryos, but has adverse effects on the viability of embryos, particularly during the first week of embryo development.
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7
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Flores-Santin J, Burggren WW. Beyond the Chicken: Alternative Avian Models for Developmental Physiological Research. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712633. [PMID: 34744759 PMCID: PMC8566884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research focusing on physiological, morphological, behavioral, and other aspects of development has long depended upon the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a key animal model that is presumed to be typical of birds and generally applicable to mammals. Yet, the modern chicken in its many forms is the result of artificial selection more intense than almost any other domesticated animal. A consequence of great variation in genotype and phenotype is that some breeds have inherent aberrant physiological and morphological traits that may show up relatively early in development (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, and limb defects in the broiler chickens). While such traits can be useful as models of specific diseases, this high degree of specialization can color general experimental results and affect their translational value. Against this background, in this review we first consider the characteristics that make an animal model attractive for developmental research (e.g., accessibility, ease of rearing, size, fecundity, development rates, genetic variation, etc.). We then explore opportunities presented by the embryo to adult continuum of alternative bird models, including quail, ratites, songbirds, birds of prey, and corvids. We conclude by indicating that expanding developmental studies beyond the chicken model to include additional avian groups will both validate the chicken model as well as potentially identify even more suitable avian models for answering questions applicable to both basic biology and the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josele Flores-Santin
- Facultad de Ciencias, Biologia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas Denton, Denton, TX, United States
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8
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High-throughput sequencing revealed the expression profile and potential key molecules of the circular RNAs involved in the process of hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chickens. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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do Amaral-Silva L, Rojas-Antich MC, Dubansky B, Tazawa H, Burggren WW. Embryotoxicity and Physiological Compensation in Chicken Embryos Exposed to Crude Oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2347-2358. [PMID: 33930207 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial, marine, or aquatic oil spills can directly or indirectly contaminate bird eggs. We hypothesized that chicken embryos exposed to crude oil can physiologically compensate to mitigate the potentially toxic effect of lower doses of oil. Embryos exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 5 µL of oil on embryonic days 4 and 10 were initially analyzed for mortality. All oil doses decreased day 4 embryo survival, but only the 2 highest oil doses lowered survival when applied on day 10. Thus, day 15 embryos treated with 1, 3, and 5 µL of source oil on day 10 had arterialized blood analyzed. The hematological variables hematocrit, red blood cell concentration ([RBC]), and hemoglobin concentration increased in response to 1 µL, were unchanged by 3 µL, and decreased by 5 µL of oil treatment. No changes occurred in arterialized blood gas variables (partial pressure of O2 [PO2 ], pH, bicarbonate concentration) for 1 and 3 µL embryos, but 5 µL of oil decreased PO2 and caused metabolic acidosis. Increased blood lactate in embryos treated with 3 and 5 µL of oil was correlated with decreased hematocrit and [RBC] and increased body mass, the latter likely reflecting edema. We conclude that embryos in middle development physiologically compensated for negative effects of lower doses of crude oil but that higher doses of oil were harmful to the embryos at all developmental stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2347-2358. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara do Amaral-Silva
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
- Integrative Thermal Physiology, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Rojas-Antich
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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10
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Sanger TJ. Integrative developmental biology in the age of anthropogenic change. Evol Dev 2021; 23:320-332. [PMID: 33848387 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans are changing and challenging nature in many ways. Conservation Biology seeks to limit human impacts on nature and preserve biological diversity. Traditionally, Developmental Biology and Conservation Biology have had nonoverlapping objectives, operating in distinct spheres of biological science. However, this chasm can and should be filled to help combat the emerging challenges of the 21st century. The means by which to accomplish this goal were already established within the conceptual framework of evo- and eco-devo and can be further expanded to address the ways that anthropogenic disturbance affect embryonic development. Herein, I describe ways that these approaches can be used to advance the study of reptilian embryos. More specifically, I explore the ways that a developmental perspective can advance ongoing studies of embryonic physiology in the context of global warming and chemical pollution, both of which are known stressors of reptilian embryos. I emphasize ways that these developmental perspectives can inform conservation biologists trying to develop management practices that will address the complexity of challenges facing reptilian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Sanger
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Babacanoğlu E, Güller U. Daily oxygen supplementation to the incubator at different stages of embryonic development alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the lung tissue of broiler chicks at a high altitude. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:459-465. [PMID: 33325752 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1864809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Pulmonary hypertension, associated with mitochondrial function in the lung tissue of broilers, can occur at hypoxic high altitudes. The present research examined the impacts of O2 supplementation at different embryonic stages on broiler organ development and antioxidant enzyme activities.2. In total, 360 eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeders at sea level were divided into a control group (O2 non-supplementation group) and three experimental groups daily 1 h 23.5% O2 supplementation from days 0 to 11 (O0-11), from days 12 to 21 (O12-21), and from days 18 to 21 (O18-21) of embryonic age.3. The lung, heart, right ventricular (RV), and left ventricular (LV) + septum of newly hatched and seven day old chicks from every group were dissected and weighed. Antioxidant enzyme activities were examined in their lung tissue.4. The lung weight did not change in any group. At hatching, the heart weight (g and %) was higher in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups than in the O0-11 and control groups, but the relative heart weight was the highest in the O18-21 group in comparison with the O12-21 group.5. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all experimental groups at both ages, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased only in seven day old chicks. Catalase (CAT) exhibited high activity in the O12-21 and O18-21 groups at hatching. In the seven day old chicks, while the CAT activity did not change in the O18-21 group, it decreased in the O0-11 group and increased in the O12-21 group.6. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity did not change in the O18-21 group, but GR exhibited low activity in the O0-11 group and high activity in the O18-21 group in newly hatched chicks. The GR activity only decreased in the O18-21 group of seven day old chicks.7. The results indicated that oxygen supplementation to the incubator caused alterations in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the lungs of broiler chicks, and this may have been in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Babacanoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, Van, Turkey
| | - U Güller
- Iğdır University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Iğdır, Turkey
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12
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Haron A, Ruzal M, Shinder D, Druyan S. Hypoxia during incubation and its effects on broiler's embryonic development. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100951. [PMID: 33652530 PMCID: PMC7936217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In all vertebrates, hypoxia plays an important role in fetal development, driving vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and chondrogenesis. Therefore, the ability to sense and respond to changes in the availability of oxygen (O2) is crucial for normal embryonic development as well as for developmental plasticity. Moderate levels of hypoxia trigger a regulated process which leads to adaptive responses. Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia is an important component of homeostatic control mechanisms that link the cardio-pulmonary-vascular O2 supply to metabolic demands in local tissues. Hypoxia leads to the activation of genes that are important for cell and tissue adaptation to low O2 conditions, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Previous studies have shown a dose-response effect to hypoxia in chicken embryos, with lower and/or prolonged O2 levels affecting multiple mechanisms and providing a spectrum of responses that facilitate the ability to maintain O2 demand despite environmental hypoxia. In chicken embryos, mild to extreme hypoxia during embryogenesis improves chorioallantoic membrane and cardiovascular development, resulting in an increase in O2 carrying capacity and leading to developmental plasticity that may affect post-hatch chick performance and improve adaptation to additional environmental stresses at suboptimal environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Haron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Le Ziyyon 15159, Israel; Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mark Ruzal
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Le Ziyyon 15159, Israel
| | - Dmitry Shinder
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Le Ziyyon 15159, Israel
| | - Shelly Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Rishon Le Ziyyon 15159, Israel.
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13
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Stermin AN, David A. Survival of water rail Rallus aquaticus (Aves, Rallidae) embryos exposed to experimental flooding. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru N. Stermin
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; e-mail:
| | - Alin David
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; e-mail:
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14
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Tian X, Ma J, Wu Y, Zhang P, Li Q, Zhang H, Wu C. Functional analysis of the brain natriuretic peptide gene for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs. Gene 2020; 768:145305. [PMID: 33186614 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs (TP) is associated with positively-selected genes. The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene is critical in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis and energy metabolism. The present study was conducted to identify the function of BNP for high-altitude adaptations in TP. RT-qPCR and western blotting results indicated that BNP expression could be upregulated when the pigs (especially for the Tibetan pigs) were raised to high altitude. In the 5' flanking region, three polymorphic sites, A-1964G, C-1780G, and T-940C were detected, and the genotype distribution of C-1780G was significantly different between the highland (TP) and lowland (Diannan small-eared pig; Yorkshire pig) breeds. The site of C-1780G was in active promoter regions identified using the luciferase reporter gene system, and the fragment with allele G had higher transcriptional activity than that with allele C. The TP population had a higher frequency of allele G than the two lowland breeds. Our results collectively demonstrated that the G allele of C-1780G in the BNP gene may be advantageous for high-altitude adaptation in pigs through upregulating BNP expression. Our findings provide information that helps toward a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying the involvement of the BNP gene in high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinggang Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Nechaeva M, Alekseeva T, Dobretsov M, Kubasov I. Chicken embryos can maintain heart rate during hypoxia on day 4 of incubation. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:361-370. [PMID: 32198537 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hypoxic conditions is a frequent natural event during the development of bird eggs. However, little is known about the effect of such exposure on the ability of young embryos in which cardiovascular regulation is not yet developed to maintain a normal heart rate (HR). To address this question, we studied the effect of 10-20 min of exposure to moderate or severe acute hypoxia (10% or 5% O2, respectively) on the HR of day 4 (D4) chicken embryos. In ovo, video recording of the beating embryo heart inside the egg revealed that severe, but not moderate, hypoxia resulted in significant HR changes. The HR response to severe hypoxia consisted of two phases: the first phase, consisting of an initial decrease in HR, was followed by a phase of partial HR recovery. Upon the restoration of normoxia, after an overshoot period of a few minutes, the HR completely recovered to its basal level. In vitro (isolated heart preparation), the first phase of the HR response to severe hypoxia was strengthened (nearly complete heart silencing) compared to that in ovo, and the HR recovery phase was greatly attenuated. Furthermore, neither an overshoot period nor complete HR recovery after hypoxia was observed. Thus, the D4 chicken embryo heart can partially maintain its rhythm during hypoxia in ovo, but not in vitro. Some factors from the egg, such as catecholamines, are likely to be critical for avian embryo responding to hypoxic condition and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nechaeva
- Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Vavilov Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Alekseeva
- Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Vavilov Str. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Maxim Dobretsov
- Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kubasov
- Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Identification of key HIF-1α target genes that regulate adaptation to hypoxic conditions in Tibetan chicken embryos. Gene 2020; 729:144321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Burggren WW. Phenotypic Switching Resulting From Developmental Plasticity: Fixed or Reversible? Front Physiol 2020; 10:1634. [PMID: 32038303 PMCID: PMC6987144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent view of developmental phenotypic switching holds that phenotype modifications occurring during critical windows of development are "irreversible" - that is, once produced by environmental perturbation, the consequent juvenile and/or adult phenotypes are indelibly modified. Certainly, many such changes appear to be non-reversible later in life. Yet, whether animals with switched phenotypes during early development are unable to return to a normal range of adult phenotypes, or whether they do not experience the specific environmental conditions necessary for them to switch back to the normal range of adult phenotypes, remains an open question. Moreover, developmental critical windows are typically brief, early periods punctuating a much longer period of overall development. This leaves open additional developmental time for reversal (correction) of a switched phenotype resulting from an adverse environment early in development. Such reversal could occur from right after the critical window "closes," all the way into adulthood. In fact, examples abound of the capacity to return to normal adult phenotypes following phenotypic changes enabled by earlier developmental plasticity. Such examples include cold tolerance in the fruit fly, developmental switching of mouth formation in a nematode, organization of the spinal cord of larval zebrafish, camouflage pigmentation formation in larval newts, respiratory chemosensitivity in frogs, temperature-metabolism relations in turtles, development of vascular smooth muscle and kidney tissue in mammals, hatching/birth weight in numerous vertebrates,. More extreme cases of actual reversal (not just correction) occur in invertebrates (e.g., hydrozoans, barnacles) that actually 'backtrack' along normal developmental trajectories from adults back to earlier developmental stages. While developmental phenotypic switching is often viewed as a permanent deviation from the normal range of developmental plans, the concept of developmental phenotypic switching should be expanded to include sufficient plasticity allowing subsequent correction resulting in the normal adult phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Kharrati-Koopaee H, Ebrahimie E, Dadpasand M, Niazi A, Esmailizadeh A. Genomic analysis reveals variant association with high altitude adaptation in native chickens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9224. [PMID: 31239472 PMCID: PMC6592930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Native chickens are endangered genetic resources that are kept by farmers for different purposes. Native chickens distributed in a wide range of altitudes, have developed adaptive mechanisms to deal with hypoxia. For the first time, we report variants associated with high-altitude adaptation in Iranian native chickens by whole genome sequencing of lowland and highland chickens. We found that these adaptive variants are involved in DNA repair, organs development, immune response and histone binding. Amazingly, signature selection analysis demonstrated that differential variants are adaptive in response to hypoxia and are not due to other evolutionary pressures. Cellular component analysis of variants showed that mitochondrion is the most important organelle for hypoxia adaptation. A total of 50 variants was detected in mtDNA for highland and lowland chickens. High-altitude associated with variant discovery highlighted the importance of COX3, a gene involved in cell respiration, in hypoxia adaptation. The results of study suggest that MIR6644-2 is involved in hypoxia and high-altitude adaptations by regulation of embryo development. Finally, 3877 novel SNVs including the mtDNA ones, were submitted to EBI (PRJEB24944). Whole-genome sequencing and variant discovery of native chickens provided novel insights about adaptation mechanisms and highlights the importance of valuable genomic variants in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Science, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Dadpasand
- Department of Animal science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, P.R. China.
- Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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19
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Zhang Y, Gou W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wu C. Insights into hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken embryos from comparative proteomics. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100602. [PMID: 31212116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan chicken, an indigenous breed, is highly adapted to the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It serves as a model organism to identify genetic differences between hypoxia-adapted and lowland breeds. However, the mechanisms underlying hypoxia adaptation are yet unclear. This study aimed to identify differently abundant proteins (DAPs) and elucidate the mechanisms involved in hypoxic adaptation in the Tibetan chicken. In this study, we obtained proteome data for the embryonic heart tissues of Tibetan and Chahua chickens incubated under hypoxia (TCH and CHH) and normoxia (TCN and CHN) using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. We identified 4210 proteins from 53,352 unique peptides in the heart tissue of chicken embryos. Pairwise TCH vs. CHH, TCH vs. TCN, CHH vs. CHN, and TCN vs. CHN comparisons revealed 118, 176, 103, and 162 differently abundant proteins, respectively. Several key proteins (EGLN1, MAP2K2, MYLK, QARS, NOTCH2, and MYH7) and pathways (glutathione metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and vascular smooth muscle contraction) were identified and considered important candidates for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken. This study provides novel insights into the chicken embryonic heart tissue and furthers the current understanding of the mechanisms of survival among animals in high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Gou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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do Amaral-Silva L, Lambertz M, José Zara F, Klein W, Gargaglioni LH, Bícego KC. Parabronchial remodeling in chicks in response to embryonic hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.197970. [PMID: 31028104 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.197970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic development of parabronchi occurs mainly during the second half of incubation in precocious birds, which makes this phase sensitive to possible morphological modifications induced by O2 supply limitation. Thus, we hypothesized that hypoxia during the embryonic phase of parabronchial development induces morphological changes that remain after hatching. To test this hypothesis, chicken embryos were incubated entirely (21 days) under normoxia or partially under hypoxia (15% O2 during days 12 to 18). Lung structures, including air capillaries, blood capillaries, infundibula, atria, parabronchial lumen, bronchi, blood vessels larger than capillaries and interparabronchial tissue, in 1- and 10-day-old chicks were analyzed using light microscopy-assisted stereology. Tissue barrier and surface area of air capillaries were measured using electron microscopy-assisted stereology, allowing for calculation of the anatomical diffusion factor. Hypoxia increased the relative volumes of air and blood capillaries, structures directly involved in gas exchange, but decreased the relative volumes of atria in both groups of chicks, and the parabronchial lumen in older chicks. Accordingly, the surface area of the air capillaries and the anatomical diffusion factor were increased under hypoxic incubation. Treatment did not alter total lung volume, relative volumes of infundibula, bronchi, blood vessels larger than capillaries, interparabronchial tissue or the tissue barrier of any group. We conclude that hypoxia during the embryonic phase of parabronchial development leads to a morphological remodeling, characterized by increased volume density and respiratory surface area of structures involved in gas exchange at the expense of structures responsible for air conduction in chicks up to 10 days old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara do Amaral-Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp. Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada), UNESP-Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Markus Lambertz
- Institut für Zoologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,Sektion Herpetologie, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando José Zara
- Invertebrate Morphology Lab, Department of Applied Biology, IEAMar and CAUNESP College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp. Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Wilfried Klein
- National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada), UNESP-Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.,Department of Biology, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp. Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada), UNESP-Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Kênia Cardoso Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp. Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil .,National Institute of Science and Technology - Comparative Physiology (INCT- Fisiologia Comparada), UNESP-Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
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Fernandes JIM, Rorig A, Oro CDS, Horn D, Bordignon HLF, Mello JFD. INFLUÊNCIA DOS NÍVEIS DE CO2 E DO TIPO DE INCUBADORA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO ZOOTÉCNICO E MORFOMETRIA CARDÍACA DE FRANGOS DE CORTE. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v20e-35197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar incubadoras de estágio múltiplo e único e diferentes níveis de CO2 sobre o desempenho, número e diâmetro das fibras musculares, morfometria cardíaca e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram incubados 2.520 ovos férteis em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, distribuídos em quatro níveis de CO2 (4.000, 6.000, 8.000 e 10.000ppm) em incubadoras de estágio único durante os primeiros dez dias de incubação e um tratamento controle utilizando uma incubadora de estágio múltiplo, totalizando cinco tratamentos com 504 ovos em cada um. Após a eclosão, 1.050 pintos machos foram alojados de acordo com o delineamento utilizado no incubatório. A hipercapnia aplicada nos primeiros 10 dias de incubação afetou o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos pintos na primeira semana de vida, no entanto, esses efeitos não foram mantidos até o final do período de criação. Não houve efeito de incubadoras ou da hipercapnia sobre a morfometria muscular e cardíaca. Houve maior rendimento de coxas das aves na idade de abate oriundas de incubadoras em estágio único com até 6.000 ppm de CO2, quando comparadas à incubação em máquinas de estágio múltiplo. Esse efeito pode ser atribuído à maior vascularização induzida pela hipercapnia precoce.
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22
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Babacanoğlu E. Responses of developmental and physiological traits to manipulated incubation conditions in broiler embryos at hypoxic high altitude. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-337-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The effects of hypoxia at
increased altitude levels on the cardio-respiratory development of broiler
embryos are distinct in comparison with those at sea level. The aim of the
study was to investigate the effects of high incubation temperature (H) and
oxygen supplementation (O) during hypoxic high altitude (HA) on developmental
and physiological traits of embryos and hatching performance of embryonated
hatching eggs in broilers at different embryonic stages. A total of 1280 eggs
obtained from broiler breeders laid at sea level were used. Eggshell quality
characteristics were measured for 20 eggs. The rest of the 1260 eggs were
divided into seven incubation condition (IC) groups (180 eggs per group)
including a control group at 37.8 ∘C and 21 % O2; O
groups, with daily 1 h 23.5 % O2 supplementation at
37.8 ∘C as O0−11, O12−21, and O18−21; H groups
at 38.5 ∘C high incubation temperature at 21 % O2 as
H0−11, H12−21, and H18−21 from days 0 to 11, 12 to 21, and 18 to 21 of incubation,
respectively. All groups were incubated in three different incubators at
hypoxic HA. The effect of IC was determined on eggshell temperature, hatching
performance, embryo development, right ventricular (RV) to total ventricular
(TV) ratio, and blood parameters. The highest egg water loss and embryonic
mortality and the lowest hatchability were in the H0−11 group, which
depended on increased eggshell temperature during incubation. On day 18 of
incubation, due to the decreased egg water loss in the O12−21 and
O18−21 groups, there was an increase in hatchability in fertile eggs
similar to the middle and late H groups. Towards the end of incubation,
embryo/chick weights were not different and RV and TV weights increased in
the treated groups, and the RV ∕ TV ratio changed between 15 and
26 %. At hatching, yolk
sac weight increased in H0−11 and H12−21 groups. The O groups
had the lowest serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration as distinct
from H groups. The serum thyroxine (T4) concentration increased in the
treated groups, dependent on sex of the embryo. Blood hemoglobin
concentration of O groups decreased relative to other groups. The hematocrit
value was the lowest in the O12−21 and highest in the H12−21
groups. The H and O treatments during pre-hatch hypoxic HA condition can be
positively evaluated on physiological traits of embryos after half of
incubation depended on the timing of the IC exposure to the hatching eggs
obtained from broiler breeders at sea level.
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23
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High temperature and oxygen supplementation can mitigate the effects of hypoxia on developmental stability of bilateral traits during incubation of broiler breeder eggs. Animal 2018; 12:1584-1593. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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24
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Zhang Y, Gou W, Ma J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Genome methylation and regulatory functions for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken embryos. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3891. [PMID: 29018624 PMCID: PMC5633026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan chickens have unique adaptations to the extreme high-altitude environment that they inhabit. Epigenetic DNA methylation affects many biological processes, including hypoxic adaptation; however, the regulatory genes for DNA methylation in hypoxic adaptation remain unknown. In this study, methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) was used to provide an atlas of the DNA methylomes of the heart tissue of hypoxic highland Tibetan and lowland Chahua chicken embryos. A total of 31.2 gigabases of sequence data were generated from six MeDIP-seq libraries. We identified 1,049 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 695 related differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between the two chicken breeds. The DMGs are involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, VEGF signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and other hypoxia-related pathways. Five candidate genes that had low methylation (EDNRA, EDNRB2, BMPR1B, BMPRII, and ITGA2) might play key regulatory roles in the adaptation to hypoxia in Tibetan chicken embryos. Our study provides significant explanations for the functions of genes and their epigenetic regulation for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Gou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Burggren WW, Elmonoufy NA. Critical developmental windows for morphology and hematology revealed by intermittent and continuous hypoxic incubation in embryos of quail (Coturnix coturnix). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183649. [PMID: 28926567 PMCID: PMC5604962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during embryonic growth in embryos is frequently a powerful determinant of development, but at least in avian embryos the effects appear to show considerable intra- and inter-specific variation. We hypothesized that some of this variation may arise from different protocols that may or may not result in exposure during the embryo’s critical window for hypoxic effects. To test this hypothesis, quail embryos (Coturnix coturnix) in the intact egg were exposed to hypoxia (~15% O2) during “early” (Day 0 through Day 5, abbreviated as D0-D5), “middle” (D6-D10) or “late” (D11-D15) incubation or for their entire 16–18 day incubation (“continuous hypoxia”) to determine critical windows for viability and growth. Viability, body mass, beak and toe length, heart mass, and hematology (hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration) were measured on D5, D10, D15 and at hatching typically between D16 and D18 Viability rate was ~50–70% immediately following the exposure period in the early, middle and late hypoxic groups, but viability improved in the early and late groups once normoxia was restored. Middle hypoxia groups showed continuing low viability, suggesting a critical period from D6-D10 for embryo viability. The continuous hypoxia group experienced viability reaching <10% after D15. Hypoxia, especially during late and continuous hypoxia, also inhibited growth of body, beak and toe when measured at D15. Full recovery to normal body mass upon hatching occurred in all other groups except for continuous hypoxia. Contrary to previous avian studies, heart mass, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were not altered by any hypoxic incubation pattern. Although hypoxia can inhibit embryo viability and organ growth during most incubation periods, the greatest effects result from continuous or middle incubation hypoxic exposure. Hypoxic inhibition of growth can subsequently be “repaired” by catch-up growth if a final period of normoxic development is available. Collectively, these data indicate a critical developmental window for hypoxia susceptibility during the mid-embryonic period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nourhan A. Elmonoufy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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26
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Zhang H, Shang P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Tian X, Zhang H. Angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane under hypoxic incubations. ANIM BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Under hypoxic conditions, angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane exhibits a sensitive response depending on the developmental timing and intensity and duration of the hypoxia. Furthermore, the effects of hypoxia on vascularization in the chorioallantoic membrane are controversial. In this study, we used microscopy to determine the vascular density index of chicken embryonic chorioallantoic membrane and quantitative PCR to examine the expression of the HIF-1α and VEGFA genes. Two levels of hypoxia (15% and 13% O2) and three durations (days 0–10, 11–18, and 0–18) were applied. The results showed that 13% O2 incubation restrained angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane at an early stage of embryonic development as seen on day 6, but incubation under 13% or 15% O2 efficiently stimulated vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane as seen on days 16 and 18. Notably, 13% O2 incubation caused visible curling of the blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane on day 18. The increased vascular density index under hypoxia was accompanied by an increase in the expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α. Curled blood vessels were observed on day 18 under 13% O2 incubation; however, the curling was not a result of VEGFA overexpression. Thus, the present study helps in elucidating vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
| | - Peng Shang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
- 2College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Beijing, China
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Boleli IC, Morita VS, Matos Jr JB, Thimotheo M, Almeida VR. Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tate KB, Rhen T, Eme J, Kohl ZF, Crossley J, Elsey RM, Crossley DA. Periods of cardiovascular susceptibility to hypoxia in embryonic american alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1267-78. [PMID: 27101296 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, environmental perturbations can affect organisms' developing phenotype, a process known as developmental plasticity. Resulting phenotypic changes can occur during discrete, critical windows of development. Critical windows are periods when developing embryos are most susceptible to these perturbations. We have previously documented that hypoxia reduces embryo size and increases relative heart mass in American alligator, and this study identified critical windows when hypoxia altered morphological, cardiovascular function and cardiac gene expression of alligator embryos. We hypothesized that incubation in hypoxia (10% O2) would increase relative cardiac size due to cardiac enlargement rather than suppression of somatic growth. We exposed alligator embryos to hypoxia during discrete incubation periods to target windows where the embryonic phenotype is altered. Hypoxia affected heart growth between 20 and 40% of embryonic incubation, whereas somatic growth was affected between 70 and 90% of incubation. Arterial pressure was depressed by hypoxic exposure during 50-70% of incubation, whereas heart rate was depressed in embryos exposed to hypoxia during a period spanning 70-90% of incubation. Expression of Vegf and PdgfB was increased in certain hypoxia-exposed embryo treatment groups, and hypoxia toward the end of incubation altered β-adrenergic tone for arterial pressure and heart rate. It is well known that hypoxia exposure can alter embryonic development, and in the present study, we have identified brief, discrete windows that alter the morphology, cardiovascular physiology, and gene expression in embryonic American alligator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Tate
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Turk Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - John Eme
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Zachary F Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas; and
| | - Janna Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas; and
| | - Ruth M Elsey
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas; and
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29
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Lewallen MA, Burggren WW. Chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia modifies morphology and VEGF concentration of the lungs of the developing chicken (Gallus gallus variant domesticus). Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 219:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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30
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Egg laying characteristics, egg weight, embryo development, hatching weight and post-hatch growth in relation to oviposition time of broiler breeders. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 156:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gou W, Peng J, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Wu C. Expression pattern of heme oxygenase 1 gene and hypoxic adaptation in chicken embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 174:23-8. [PMID: 24947210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, has a crucial role of cytoprotective functions under hypoxia. The objective of the present study was to investigate potential differences in protective effect of HO-1 gene on chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo lung during late incubation. At embryonic day (D) D16, D18, D19, and D20 of incubation, the expression of HO-1 in the lungs of chicken embryos (Tibet and Shouguang chickens) incubated in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (13% O2) conditions was measured. SNPs were screened within 5'-flanking region and coding regions with PCR-sequencing and the genotype of the SNPs was determined with PCR-RFLP in Tibet, Chahua and Shouguang chicken populations. In conclusion, the Tibet chicken had higher HO-1 expression on D19 under hypoxic incubation and had two SNPs with different frequency distributions from other chicken breeds, which might be a way that the Tibet chicken had hereditary adaptation to hypoxia during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Gou
- National Engineering Laboratory For Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junfei Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory For Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory For Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory For Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory For Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hao R, Hu X, Wu C, Li N. Hypoxia-induced miR-15a promotes mesenchymal ablation and adaptation to hypoxia during lung development in chicken. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98868. [PMID: 24887070 PMCID: PMC4041788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs undergo changes that are adaptive for high elevation in certain animal species. In chickens, animals bred at high elevations (e.g., Tibet chickens) are better able to hatch and survive under high-altitude conditions. In addition, lowland chicken breeds undergo physiological effects and suffer greater mortality when they are exposed to hypoxic conditions during embryonic development. Although these physiological effects have been noted, the mechanisms that are responsible for hypoxia-induced changes in lung development and function are not known. Here we have examined the role of a particular microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of lung development under hypoxic conditions. When chicks were incubated in low oxygen (hypoxia), miR-15a was significantly increased in embryonic lung tissue. The expression level of miR-15a in hypoxic Tibet chicken embryos increased and remained relatively high at embryonic day (E)16–20, whereas in normal chickens, expression increased and peaked at E19–20, at which time the cross-current gas exchange system (CCGS) is developing. Bcl-2 was a translationally repressed target of miR-15a in these chickens. miR-16, a cluster and family member of miR-15a, was detected but did not participate in the posttranscriptional regulation of bcl-2. Around E19, the hypoxia-induced decrease in Bcl-2 protein resulted in apoptosis in the mesenchyme around the migrating tubes, which led to an expansion and migration of the tubes that would become the air capillary network and the CCGS. Thus, interfering with miR-15a expression in lung tissue may be a novel therapeutic strategy for hypoxia insults and altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Changxin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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