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Xepapadaki P, Megremis S, Rovina N, Wardzyńska A, Pasioti M, Kritikou M, Papadopoulos NG. Exploring the Impact of Airway Microbiome on Asthma Morbidity: A Focus on the "Constructing a 'Eubiosis Reinstatement Therapy' for Asthma-CURE" Project. Pulm Ther 2024:10.1007/s41030-024-00261-3. [PMID: 38814533 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-024-00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The asthma pandemic imposes a huge burden on patients and health systems in both developed and developing countries. Despite available treatments, symptom control is generally suboptimal, and hospitalizations and deaths remain at unacceptably high levels. A pivotal aspect of asthma that warrants further exploration is the influence of the respiratory microbiome and virome in modulating disease activity. A plethora of studies report that the respiratory microbiome is characteristically dysbiotic in asthma. In addition, our data suggest that dysbiosis is also observed on the respiratory virome, partly characterized by the reduced abundance of bacteriophages (phages). Even though phages can naturally infect and control their bacterial prey, phage therapy has been grossly neglected in the Western world, although more recently it is more widely used as a novel tool against bacterial infections. However, it has never been used for tackling microbiome dysbiosis in human non-communicable diseases. This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the microbiome and virome's role within the airways in relation to asthma morbidity. It also advances the rationale and hypothesis for the CURE project. Specifically, the CURE project suggests that managing the respiratory microbiome through phage therapy is viable and may result in restoring eubiosis within the asthmatic airway. This entails controlling immune dysregulation and the clinical manifestation of the disease. To accomplish this goal, it is crucial to predict the effects of introducing specific phage mixtures into the intricate ecology of the airways and devise suitable interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41, Fidippidou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Centre for Phage Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Pasioti
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41, Fidippidou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kritikou
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41, Fidippidou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41, Fidippidou, 11527, Athens, Greece
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2
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Scadding GK, Gray C, Conti DM, McDonald M, Backer V, Scadding G, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, De Corso E, Diamant Z, Hopkins C, Jesenak M, Johansen P, Kappen J, Mullol J, Price D, Quirce S, Reitsma S, Toppila-Salmi S, Senior B, Thyssen JP, Wahn U, Hellings PW. Pre-asthma: a useful concept? A EUFOREA paper. Part 2-late onset eosinophilic asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1404735. [PMID: 38812719 PMCID: PMC11133565 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1404735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of pre-diabetes has led to provision of measures to reduce disease progression through identification of subjects at risk of diabetes. We previously considered the idea of pre-asthma in relation to allergic asthma and considered that, in addition to the need to improve population health via multiple measures, including reduction of exposure to allergens and pollutants and avoidance of obesity, there are several possible specific means to reduce asthma development in those most at risk (pre- asthma). The most obvious is allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which when given for allergic rhinitis (AR) has reasonable evidence to support asthma prevention in children (2) but also needs further study as primary prevention. In this second paper we explore the possibilities for similar actions in late onset eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Scadding
- Department of Allergy & Rhinology, Royal National ENT Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunity and Infection, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Gray
- Paediatric Allergist, Red Cross Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kidsallergy Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D. M. Conti
- The European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases Scientific Expert Team Members, Brussels, Belgium
- Escuela de Doctorado UAM, Centro de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, no 2, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. McDonald
- The Allergy Clinic, Blairgowrie, Randburg, South Africa
| | - V. Backer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. Scadding
- Allergy, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Bernal-Sprekelsen
- Otolaryngology-Department, Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Otolaryngology-Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. De Corso
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, A. Gemelli University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Z. Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Hopkins
- Department of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jesenak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - P. Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Kappen
- Department of Pulmonology, STZ Centre of Excellence for Asthma, COPD and Respiratory Allergy, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - S. Quirce
- Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolarynogology and Head/Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Allergy, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B. Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U. Wahn
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. W. Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Papadopoulos NG, Apostolidou E, Miligkos M, Xepapadaki P. Bacteria and viruses and their role in the preschool wheeze to asthma transition. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14098. [PMID: 38445451 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Wheezing is the cardinal symptom of asthma; its presence early in life, mostly caused by viral infections, is a major risk factor for the establishment of persistent or recurrent disease. Early-life wheezing and asthma exacerbations are triggered by common respiratory viruses, mainly rhinoviruses (RV), and to a lesser extent, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, influenza, and bocavirus. The excess presence of bacteria, several of which are part of the microbiome, has also been identified in association with wheezing and acute asthma exacerbations, including haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumonia. While it is not clear when asthma starts, its characteristics develop over time. Airway remodeling already appears between the ages of 1 and 3 years of age even prior to the presence of atopic inflammation or an asthma diagnosis. The role of genetic defect or variations hampering the airway epithelium in response to environmental stimuli and severe disease morbidity are now considered as major determinants for early structural changes. Repeated viral infections can induce and perpetuate airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergic sensitization, that often precedes infection-induced wheezing, shifts inflammation toward type-2, while common respiratory infections themselves promote type-2 inflammation. Nevertheless, most children who wheeze with viral infections during infancy and during preschool years do not develop persistent asthma. Multiple factors, including illness severity, viral etiology, allergic sensitization, and the exposome, are associated with disease persistence. Here, we summarize current knowledge and developments in infection epidemiology of asthma in children, describing the known impact of each individual agent and mechanisms of transition from recurrent wheeze to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Michael Miligkos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Atto B, Anteneh Y, Bialasiewicz S, Binks MJ, Hashemi M, Hill J, Thornton RB, Westaway J, Marsh RL. The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 38202177 PMCID: PMC10779485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various 'omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB-bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut-lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Atto
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Yitayal Anteneh
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jane Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (M.H.); (J.H.)
- Spire Health Technology, PBC, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth B. Thornton
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacob Westaway
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia; (Y.A.); (M.J.B.); (J.W.)
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Megremis S, Constantinides B, Xepapadaki P, Yap CF, Sotiropoulos AG, Bachert C, Finotto S, Jartti T, Tapinos A, Vuorinen T, Andreakos E, Robertson DL, Papadopoulos NG. Respiratory eukaryotic virome expansion and bacteriophage deficiency characterize childhood asthma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8319. [PMID: 37221274 PMCID: PMC10205716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma development and exacerbation is linked to respiratory virus infections. There is limited information regarding the presence of viruses during non-exacerbation/infection periods. We investigated the nasopharyngeal/nasal virome during a period of asymptomatic state, in a subset of 21 healthy and 35 asthmatic preschool children from the Predicta cohort. Using metagenomics, we described the virome ecology and the cross-species interactions within the microbiome. The virome was dominated by eukaryotic viruses, while prokaryotic viruses (bacteriophages) were independently observed with low abundance. Rhinovirus B species consistently dominated the virome in asthma. Anelloviridae were the most abundant and rich family in both health and asthma. However, their richness and alpha diversity were increased in asthma, along with the co-occurrence of different Anellovirus genera. Bacteriophages were richer and more diverse in healthy individuals. Unsupervised clustering identified three virome profiles that were correlated to asthma severity and control and were independent of treatment, suggesting a link between the respiratory virome and asthma. Finally, we observed different cross-species ecological associations in the healthy versus the asthmatic virus-bacterial interactome, and an expanded interactome of eukaryotic viruses in asthma. Upper respiratory virome "dysbiosis" appears to be a novel feature of pre-school asthma during asymptomatic/non-infectious states and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Megremis
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susetta Finotto
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Rovira Rubió J, Megremis S, Pasioti M, Lakoumentas J, Constantinides B, Xepapadaki P, Bachert C, Finotto S, Jartti T, Andreakos E, Stanic B, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Papadopoulos NG. Respiratory virome profiles reflect antiviral immune responses. Allergy 2023; 78:1258-1268. [PMID: 36595290 DOI: 10.1111/all.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From early life, respiratory viruses are implicated in the development, exacerbation and persistence of respiratory conditions such as asthma. Complex dynamics between microbial communities and host immune responses shape immune maturation and homeostasis, influencing health outcomes. We evaluated the hypothesis that the respiratory virome is linked to systemic immune responses, using peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swab samples from preschool-age children in the PreDicta cohort. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 51 children (32 asthmatics and 19 healthy controls) participating in the 2-year multinational PreDicta cohort were cultured with bacterial (Bacterial-DNA, LPS) or viral (R848, Poly:IC, RV) stimuli. Supernatants were analysed by Luminex for the presence of 22 relevant cytokines. Virome composition was obtained using untargeted high throughput sequencing of nasopharyngeal samples. The metagenomic data were used for the characterization of virome profiles and the presence of key viral families (Picornaviridae, Anelloviridae, Siphoviridae). These were correlated to cytokine secretion patterns, identified through hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. RESULTS High spontaneous cytokine release was associated with increased presence of Prokaryotic virome profiles and reduced presence of Eukaryotic and Anellovirus profiles. Antibacterial responses did not correlate with specific viral families or virome profile; however, low antiviral responders had more Prokaryotic and less Eukaryotic virome profiles. Anelloviruses and Anellovirus-dominated profiles were equally distributed among immune response clusters. The presence of Picornaviridae and Siphoviridae was associated with low interferon-λ responses. Asthma or allergy did not modify these correlations. CONCLUSION Antiviral cytokine responses at a systemic level reflect the upper airway virome composition. Individuals with low innate interferon responses have higher abundance of Picornaviruses (mostly Rhinoviruses) and bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, particularly Siphoviridae, appear to be sensitive sensors of host antimicrobial capacity, while Anelloviruses are not correlated with TLR-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rovira Rubió
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Pasioti
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Lakoumentas
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bede Constantinides
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Stanic
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Staphylococcal Corneocyte Adhesion: Assay Optimization and Roles of Aap and SasG Adhesins in the Establishment of Healthy Skin Colonization. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0246922. [PMID: 36219106 PMCID: PMC9769725 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02469-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes the majority of wound and soft tissue infections. The accumulation-associated protein (Aap) from S. epidermidis and surface protein G (SasG) from S. aureus are cell wall-anchored (CWA) proteins known to be important in adhesion to healthy corneocytes from human skin. We investigated the mechanisms by which S. aureus colonizes healthy human skin by developing an optimized corneocyte adhesion assay. Trypan blue was used for enhanced red autofluorescent visualization of corneocytes with an overlay of green-fluorescent bacteria. The percent area of bacterial adhesion for images acquired by a fluorescence microscope was quantified using Fiji ImageJ. Using this optimized imaging procedure, differences in adhesion between various species and strains of staphylococci were measured. The ability of purified SasG to reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion was investigated in order to determine if these CWA proteins can compete for binding sites. To further test CWA-mediated adhesion, we engineered a nonadhering S. carnosus strain to express full-length SasG from two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Finally, we demonstrated that the SasG A domain was a critical region of this surface protein for adherence to healthy human corneocytes. The developed imaging and expression methods are useful for studying staphylococcal adhesion to healthy human skin and have the potential to be used with a wide variety of fluorescently labeled organisms on both healthy and disease-state (such as atopic dermatitis) corneocytes. IMPORTANCE The skin is the largest organ of the human body and acts as a shield against hazards such as harmful bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. A diverse skin microbiota and immune cross talk control S. aureus numbers. S. aureus can bind to healthy skin and subsequently proliferate when the skin barrier is compromised, such as in a wound or in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is important to understand these mechanisms in an effort to prevent pathogenic bacteria from causing infection. We describe an augmented corneocyte adhesion assay using fluorescence microscopy to study binding of various staphylococcal species to healthy human skin cells. In addition, we tested the ability of homologous proteins from different staphylococcal species to reduce binding, and developed a new S. carnosus expression system to test individual protein binding properties. Our newly developed methods and findings will enhance the understanding of how staphylococci bind to healthy human skin.
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8
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Marathe SJ, Snider MA, Flores-Torres AS, Dubin PJ, Samarasinghe AE. Human matters in asthma: Considering the microbiome in pulmonary health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020133. [PMID: 36532717 PMCID: PMC9755222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities form an important symbiotic ecosystem within humans and have direct effects on health and well-being. Numerous exogenous factors including airborne triggers, diet, and drugs impact these established, but fragile communities across the human lifespan. Crosstalk between the mucosal microbiota and the immune system as well as the gut-lung axis have direct correlations to immune bias that may promote chronic diseases like asthma. Asthma initiation and pathogenesis are multifaceted and complex with input from genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of the airway microbiome in asthma, and how the environment, diet and therapeutics impact this low biomass community of microorganisms. We also focus this review on the pediatric and Black populations as high-risk groups requiring special attention, emphasizing that the whole patient must be considered during treatment. Although new culture-independent techniques have been developed and are more accessible to researchers, the exact contribution the airway microbiome makes in asthma pathogenesis is not well understood. Understanding how the airway microbiome, as a living entity in the respiratory tract, participates in lung immunity during the development and progression of asthma may lead to critical new treatments for asthma, including population-targeted interventions, or even more effective administration of currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh J. Marathe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Snider
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patricia J. Dubin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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9
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Tzani-Tzanopoulou P, Rozumbetov R, Taka S, Doudoulakakis A, Lebessi E, Chanishvili N, Kakabadze E, Bakuradze N, Grdzelishvili N, Goderdzishvili M, Legaki E, Andreakos E, Papadaki M, Megremis S, Xepapadaki P, Kaltsas G, Akdis CA, Papadopoulos NG. Development of an in vitro homeostasis model between airway epithelial cells, bacteria and bacteriophages: a time-lapsed observation of cell viability and inflammatory response. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36748697 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages represent the most extensive group of viruses within the human virome and have a significant impact on general health and well-being by regulating bacterial population dynamics. Staphylococcus aureus, found in the anterior nostrils, throat and skin, is an opportunistic pathobiont that can cause a wide range of diseases, from chronic inflammation to severe and acute infections. In this study, we developed a human cell-based homeostasis model between a clinically isolated strain of S. aureus 141 and active phages for this strain (PYOSa141) isolated from the commercial Pyophage cocktail (PYO). The cocktail is produced by Eliava BioPreparations Ltd. (Tbilisi, Georgia) and is used as an add-on therapy for bacterial infections, mainly in Georgia. The triptych interaction model was evaluated by time-dependent analysis of cell death and inflammatory response of the nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators (IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cell viability was determined by crystal violet staining. By measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance, we assessed the epithelial integrity of nasal cells that had differentiated under air-liquid interface conditions. PYOSa141 was found to have a prophylactic effect on airway epithelial cells exposed to S. aureus 141 by effectively down-regulating bacterial-induced inflammation, cell death and epithelial barrier disruption in a time-dependent manner. Overall, the proposed model represents an advance in the way multi-component biological systems can be simulated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramazan Rozumbetov
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Lebessi
- Department of Microbiology, Panagiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elene Kakabadze
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nata Bakuradze
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Grdzelishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia.,Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Evangelia Legaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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10
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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Asthma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214427. [PMID: 36430906 PMCID: PMC9696023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with complex mechanisms, and these patients often encounter difficulties in their treatment course due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, clinical treatments for asthma are mainly based on glucocorticoid-based combination drug therapy; however, glucocorticoid resistance and multiple side effects, as well as the occurrence of poor drug delivery, require the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has been extensively researched in the medical field. Several studies have shown that drug delivery systems could significantly improve the targeting, reduce toxicity and improve the bioavailability of drugs. The use of multiple nanoparticle delivery strategies could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs compared to traditional delivery methods. Herein, the authors presented the mechanisms of asthma development and current therapeutic methods. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of different types of nanomaterials and micromaterials for asthma therapy are reviewed, including polymetric nanomaterials, solid lipid nanomaterials, cell membranes-based nanomaterials, and metal nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of these nanomaterials are discussed to provide guidance for further research directions and hopefully promote the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in asthma treatment.
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11
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Ferravante C, Arslan‐Gatz BS, Dell'Annunziata F, Palumbo D, Lamberti J, Alexandrova E, Di Rosa D, Strianese O, Giordano A, Palo L, Giurato G, Salzano FA, Galdiero M, Weisz A, Franci G, Rizzo F, Folliero V. Dynamics of nasopharyngeal tract phageome and association with disease severity and age of patients during three waves of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5567-5573. [PMID: 35831579 PMCID: PMC9349744 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, several patients were hospitalized and diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which subsequently led to a global pandemic. To date, there are no studies evaluating the relationship between the respiratory phageome and the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current study investigated the phageome profiles in the nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 55 patients during the three different waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Campania Region (Southern Italy). Data obtained from the taxonomic profiling show that phage families belonging to the order Caudovirales have a high abundance in the patient samples. Moreover, the severity of the COVID-19 infection seems to be correlated with the phage abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ferravante
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Berin S. Arslan‐Gatz
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | | | - Domenico Palumbo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Elena Alexandrova
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Domenico Di Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Oriana Strianese
- Genome Research Center for Health ‐ CRGSCampus of Medicine ‐ University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Alessandro Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Luigi Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly,Genome Research Center for Health ‐ CRGSCampus of Medicine ‐ University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Francesco A. Salzano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and DentistryUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly,Genome Research Center for Health ‐ CRGSCampus of Medicine ‐ University of SalernoBaronissiItaly,Medical Genomics Program, AOU ‘S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona’University of SalernoSalernoItaly
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and DentistryUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana', Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly,Genome Research Center for Health ‐ CRGSCampus of Medicine ‐ University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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12
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Zhao D, Li D, Cheng X, Zou Z, Chen X, He C. Mucoadhesive, Antibacterial, and Reductive Nanogels as a Mucolytic Agent for Efficient Nebulized Therapy to Combat Allergic Asthma. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11161-11173. [PMID: 35762830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an intractable disease involving the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucus plugging. Despite small molecular mucolytics having the ability to break the disulfide bonds of mucins, offering a potential way to overcome the airflow obstruction and airway infection, these mucolytics have limited therapeutic effects in vivo. Therefore, in this work, arginine-grafted chitosan (CS-Arg) is ionically cross-linked with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to obtain nanogels as a mucolytic agent. The positively charged nanogels effectively inhibit the formation of large aggregates of mucin in vitro, probably thanks to the formation of an ionic interaction between CS-Arg and mucin, as well as the breakage of disulfide bonds in mucin by the reductive TCEP. Moreover, the nanogels show good cytocompatibility at concentrations up to 5 mg mL-1, exhibiting effective inhibitory effects against the proliferation of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 5 mg mL-1. After the administration of the nanogels by nebulization into a Balb/c mouse model with allergic asthma, they can efficiently reduce the mucus obstruction in bronchioles and alveoli and relieve airway inflammation. Therefore, these CS-Arg/TCEP nanogels potentially represent a promising mucolytic agent for the efficient treatment of allergic asthma and other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130014, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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13
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Dawood A, Algharib SA, Zhao G, Zhu T, Qi M, Delai K, Hao Z, Marawan MA, Shirani I, Guo A. Mycoplasmas as Host Pantropic and Specific Pathogens: Clinical Implications, Gene Transfer, Virulence Factors, and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855731. [PMID: 35646746 PMCID: PMC9137434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas as economically important and pantropic pathogens can cause similar clinical diseases in different hosts by eluding host defense and establishing their niches despite their limited metabolic capacities. Besides, enormous undiscovered virulence has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of pathogenic mycoplasmas. On the other hand, they are host-specific pathogens with some highly pathogenic members that can colonize a vast number of habitats. Reshuffling mycoplasmas genetic information and evolving rapidly is a way to avoid their host's immune system. However, currently, only a few control measures exist against some mycoplasmosis which are far from satisfaction. This review aimed to provide an updated insight into the state of mycoplasmas as pathogens by summarizing and analyzing the comprehensive progress, current challenge, and future perspectives of mycoplasmas. It covers clinical implications of mycoplasmas in humans and domestic and wild animals, virulence-related factors, the process of gene transfer and its crucial prospects, the current application and future perspectives of nanotechnology for diagnosing and curing mycoplasmosis, Mycoplasma vaccination, and protective immunity. Several questions remain unanswered and are recommended to pay close attention to. The findings would be helpful to develop new strategies for basic and applied research on mycoplasmas and facilitate the control of mycoplasmosis for humans and various species of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, HZAU, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingpu Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kong Delai
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marawan A. Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ihsanullah Shirani
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Para-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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