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Freag MS, Mohammed MT, Kulkarni A, Emam HE, Maremanda KP, Elzoghby AO. Modulating tumoral exosomes and fibroblast phenotype using nanoliposomes augments cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3074. [PMID: 38416824 PMCID: PMC10901379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells program fibroblasts into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a two-step manner. First, cancer cells secrete exosomes to program quiescent fibroblasts into activated CAFs. Second, cancer cells maintain the CAF phenotype via activation of signal transduction pathways. We rationalized that inhibiting this two-step process can normalize CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts and augment the efficacy of immunotherapy. We show that cancer cell-targeted nanoliposomes that inhibit sequential steps of exosome biogenesis and release from lung cancer cells block the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into CAFs. In parallel, we demonstrate that CAF-targeted nanoliposomes that block two distinct nodes in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can reverse activate CAFs into quiescent fibroblasts. Co-administration of both nanoliposomes significantly improves the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and enhances the antitumor efficacy of αPD-L1 in immunocompetent lung cancer-bearing mice. Simultaneously blocking the tumoral exosome-mediated activation of fibroblasts and FGFR-Wnt/β-catenin signaling constitutes a promising approach to augment immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S. Freag
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Investigative Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mostafa T. Mohammed
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Anatomical and Clinical Pathology Department, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpita Kulkarni
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hagar E. Emam
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna P. Maremanda
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Sharma K, Dey S, Karmakar R, Rengan AK. A comprehensive review of 3D cancer models for drug screening and translational research. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e102. [PMID: 38948533 PMCID: PMC11212324 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The 3D cancer models fill the discovery gap of 2D cancer models and play an important role in cancer research. In addition to cancer cells, a range of other factors include the stroma, density and composition of extracellular matrix, cancer-associated immune cells (e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts cancer cell-stroma interactions and subsequent interactions, and a number of other factors (e.g., tumor vasculature and tumor-like microenvironment in vivo) has been widely ignored in the 2D concept of culture. Despite this knowledge, the continued use of monolayer cell culture methods has led to the failure of a series of clinical trials. This review discusses the immense importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) recapitulation in cancer research, prioritizing the individual roles of TME elements in cancer histopathology. The TME provided by the 3D model fulfills the requirements of in vivo spatiotemporal arrangement, components, and is helpful in analyzing various different aspects of drug sensitivity in preclinical and clinical trials, some of which are discussed here. Furthermore, it discusses models for the co-assembly of different TME elements in vitro and focuses on their synergistic function and responsiveness as tumors. Furthermore, this review broadly describes of a handful of recently developed 3D models whose main focus is limited to drug development and their screening and/or the impact of this approach in preclinical and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikey Sharma
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (IIT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Sreenath Dey
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (IIT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Rounik Karmakar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (IIT)HyderabadIndia
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (IIT)HyderabadIndia
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3
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Castro-Abril H, Heras J, Del Barrio J, Paz L, Alcaine C, Aliácar MP, Garzón-Alvarado D, Doblaré M, Ochoa I. The Role of Mechanical Properties and Structure of Type I Collagen Hydrogels on Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300108. [PMID: 37269065 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical interactions between cells and their microenvironment play an important role in determining cell fate, which is particularly relevant in metastasis, a process where cells invade tissue matrices with different mechanical properties. In vitro, type I collagen hydrogels have been commonly used for modeling the microenvironment due to its ubiquity in the human body. In this work, the combined influence of the stiffness of these hydrogels and their ultrastructure on the migration patterns of HCT-116 and HT-29 spheroids are analyzed. For this, six different types of pure type I collagen hydrogels by changing the collagen concentration and the gelation temperature are prepared. The stiffness of each sample is measured and its ultrastructure is characterized. Cell migration studies are then performed by seeding the spheroids in three different spatial conditions. It is shown that changes in the aforementioned parameters lead to differences in the mechanical stiffness of the matrices as well as the ultrastructure. These differences, in turn, lead to distinct cell migration patterns of HCT-116 and HT-29 spheroids in either of the spatial conditions tested. Based on these results, it is concluded that the stiffness and the ultrastructural organization of the matrix can actively modulate cell migration behavior in colorectal cancer spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Castro-Abril
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Biomimetics Lab, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Jónathan Heras
- Grupo de Informática, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, 26006, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Barrio
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, CSIC-University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Laura Paz
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Clara Alcaine
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez Aliácar
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Doblaré
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 50018, China
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment lab (TME lab), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 50018, China
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4
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Yau JNN, Adriani G. Three-dimensional heterotypic colorectal cancer spheroid models for evaluation of drug response. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148930. [PMID: 37469395 PMCID: PMC10352797 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Improved preclinical tumor models are needed to make treatment screening clinically relevant and address disease mortality. Advancements in 3D cell culture have enabled a greater recapitulation of the architecture and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This has enhanced their pathophysiological relevance and enabled more accurate predictions of tumor progression and drug response in patients. An increasing number of 3D CRC spheroid models include cell populations such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), immune cells, and gut bacteria to better mimic the in vivo regulation of signaling pathways. Furthermore, cell heterogeneity within the 3D spheroid models enables the identification of new therapeutic targets to develop alternative treatments and test TME-target therapies. In this mini review, we present the advances in mimicking tumor heterogeneity in 3D CRC spheroid models by incorporating CAFs, ECs, immune cells, and gut bacteria. We introduce how, in these models, the diverse cells influence chemoresistance and tumor progression of the CRC spheroids. We also highlight important parameters evaluated during drug screening in the CRC heterocellular spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ning Nicolette Yau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Fukumori C, Branco PC, Barreto T, Ishida K, Lopes LB. Development and cytotoxicity evaluation of multiple nanoemulsions for oral co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and short chain triglycerides for colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106465. [PMID: 37178734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, but current chemotherapy options are limited due to adverse effects and low oral bioavailability of drugs. In this study, we investigated the obtainment parameters and composition of new multiple nanoemulsions (MN) based on microemulsions for oral co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and short-chain triglycerides (SCT, either tributyrin or tripropionin). The area of microemulsion formation was increased from 14% to 38% when monocaprylin was mixed with tricaprylin as oil phase. Addition of SCT reduced this value to 24-26%. Using sodium alginate aqueous dispersion as internal aqueous phase (to avoid phase inversion) did not further affected the area but increased microemulsion viscosity by 1.5-fold. To obtain the MN, selected microemulsions were diluted in an external aqueous phase; droplet size was 500 nm and stability improved using polyoxyethylene (den Besten et al., 2013) oleyl ether at 1-2.5% as surfactant in the external phase and a dilution ratio of 1:1 (v/v). 5FU in vitro release could be better described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. No pronounced changes in droplet size were observed when selected MNs were incubated in buffers mimicking gastrointestinal fluids. The 5FU cytotoxicity in monolayer cell lines presenting various mutations was influenced by its incorporation in the nanocarrier, presence of SCT and cell mutation status. The MNs selected reduced the viability of tumor spheroids (employed as 3D tumor models) by 2.2-fold compared to 5FU solution and did not affect the survival of the G. mellonella, suggesting effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Branco
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayná Barreto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Tutty MA, Prina-Mello A. Three-Dimensional Spheroids for Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:65-103. [PMID: 37202612 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell culture is one of the most widely used tools used today for increasing our understanding of various things such as protein production, mechanisms of drug action, tissue engineering, and overall cellular biology. For the past decades, however, cancer researchers have relied heavily on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test a variety of aspects of cancer research ranging from the cytotoxic effects of antitumor drugs to the toxicity of diagnostic dyes and contact tracers. However, many promising cancer therapies have either weak or no efficacy in real-life conditions, therefore delaying or stopping altogether their translating to the clinic. This is, in part, due to the reductionist 2D cultures used to test these materials, which lack appropriate cell-cell contacts, have altered signaling, do not represent the natural tumor microenvironment, and have different drug responses, due to their reduced malignant phenotype when compared to real in vivo tumors. With the most recent advances, cancer research has moved into 3D biological investigation. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells not only recapitulate the in vivo environment better than their 2D counterparts, but they have, in recent years, emerged as a relatively low-cost and scientifically accurate methodology for studying cancer. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of 3D culture, specifically 3D spheroid culture, reviewing some key methodologies for forming 3D spheroids, discussing the experimental tools that can be used in conjunction with 3D spheroids and finally their applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Anne Tutty
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, (TTMI), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Guan X, Huang S. Advances in the application of 3D tumor models in precision oncology and drug screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1021966. [PMID: 36246388 PMCID: PMC9555934 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1021966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional tumor models cannot perfectly simulate the real state of tumors in vivo, resulting in the termination of many clinical trials. 3D tumor models’ technology provides new in vitro models that bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo findings, and organoids maintain the properties of the original tissue over a long period of culture, which enables extensive research in this area. In addition, they can be used as a substitute for animal and in vitro models, and organoids can be established from patients’ normal and malignant tissues, with unique advantages in clinical drug development and in guiding individualized therapies. 3D tumor models also provide a promising platform for high-throughput research, drug and toxicity testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. This report summarizes the 3D tumor model, including evidence regarding the 3D tumor cell culture model, 3D tumor slice model, and organoid culture model. In addition, it provides evidence regarding the application of 3D tumor organoid models in precision oncology and drug screening. The aim of this report is to elucidate the value of 3D tumor models in cancer research and provide a preclinical reference for the precise treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shigao Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shigao Huang,
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Bober Z, Aebisher D, Olek M, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Multiple Cell Cultures for MRI Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10109. [PMID: 36077507 PMCID: PMC9456466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging method that enables diagnostics. In recent years, this technique has been widely used for research using cell cultures used in pharmaceutical science to understand the distribution of various drugs in a variety of biological samples, from cellular models to tissues. MRI's dynamic development in recent years, in addition to diagnostics, has allowed the method to be implemented to assess response to applied therapies. Conventional MRI imaging provides anatomical and pathological information. Due to advanced technology, MRI provides physiological information. The use of cell cultures is very important in the process of testing new synthesized drugs, cancer research, and stem cell research, among others. Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures conducted under laboratory conditions, although they provide a lot of information, do not reflect the basic characteristics of the tumor. To replicate the tumor microenvironment in science, a three-dimensional (3D) culture of tumor cells was developed. This makes it possible to reproduce in vivo conditions where, in addition, there is a complex and dynamic process of cell-to-cell communication and cell-matrix interaction. In this work, we reviewed current research in 2D and 3D cultures and their use in MRI studies. Articles for each section were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Bober
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcin Olek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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De S, Singh N. Advancements in Three Dimensional In-Vitro Cell Culture Models. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200058. [PMID: 35701102 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The scientific field is observing a gradual shift from monolayer cultures to three-dimensional (3D) models, as they give a more relevant data in pre-clinical stages. This review summarizes the major techniques and materials used to develop 3D platforms, especially for cancer. It also discusses the challenges and some unresolved issues of the field and highlights some techniques that have made it to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreemoyee De
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.,Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Raghavan S. How inclusive are cell lines in preclinical engineered cancer models? Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275571. [PMID: 35642685 PMCID: PMC9187871 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse factors contribute to significant and dire disparities in cancer risk and treatment outcomes. To address this, there was a call for inclusion of sex as a biological variable, which resulted in more instances of careful inclusion of sex in preclinical studies of cancer. Another variable in cancer treatment is genetic ancestry. Although this is considered explicitly in clinical research, it is considerably neglected in preclinical studies. Preclinical research can use several 3D in vitro model systems, such as spheroids/organoids, xenografts, or other bioengineered systems that combine biomaterials and cellular material. Ultimately, the cellular base for all of these in vitro model systems is derived from human cell lines or patient samples, to investigate mechanisms of cancer and screen novel therapeutics, all of which aim to maximize successful outcomes in clinical trials. This in itself offers an opportunity to potentiate effective treatments for many groups of people, when diverse variables like genetic ancestry are consciously included into study design. This Perspective highlights the need for conscious inclusion of genetic ancestry in preclinical cancer tissue engineering, especially when it pertains to determining therapeutic outcomes. Summary: Genetic determinants, like ancestry, impact cancer risk and therapeutic outcomes. Hence, this is an important variable to consider at the very initial stages of biomedical research at the bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 5016 Emerging Technologies Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Baião A, Dias S, Soares AF, Pereira CL, Oliveira C, Sarmento B. Advances in the use of 3D colorectal cancer models for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:569-580. [PMID: 35343351 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2056162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly tumors worldwide. CRC in vitro and in vivo models that recapitulate key features of human disease are essential to the development of novel and effective therapeutics. However, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture systems are considered too simple and do not represent the complex nature of the human tumor. However, three-dimensional (3D) models have emerged in recent years as more advanced and complex cell culture systems, able to closely resemble key features of human cancer tissues. AREAS COVERED The authors' review the currently established in vitro cell culture models and describe the advances in the development of 3D scaffold-free models to study CRC. The authors also discuss intestinal spheroids and organoids. As well as in vitro models for drug screening and metastatic CRC (mCRC). EXPERT OPINION The ideal CRC in vitro model is not yet established. Spheroid-based 3D models represent one of the most used approaches to recapitulate the tumor environment, overcoming some limitations of 2D models. Mouse and patient-derived organoids are more advanced models that can mimic more closely the characteristics and properties of CRC, with the possibility of including cells derived from patients with metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Baião
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dias
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Francisca Soares
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Leite Pereira
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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12
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Wittka A, Ketteler J, Borgards L, Maier P, Herskind C, Jendrossek V, Klein D. Stromal Fibroblasts Counteract the Caveolin-1-Dependent Radiation Response of LNCaP Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:802482. [PMID: 35155239 PMCID: PMC8826751 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.802482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), a characteristic stromal–epithelial redistribution of the membrane protein caveolin 1 (CAV1) occurs upon tumor progression, where a gain of CAV1 in the malignant epithelial cells is accompanied by a loss of CAV1 in the tumor stroma, both facts that were correlated with higher Gleason scores, poor prognosis, and pronounced resistance to therapy particularly to radiotherapy (RT). However, it needs to be clarified whether inhibiting the CAV1 gain in the malignant prostate epithelium or limiting the loss of stromal CAV1 would be the better choice for improving PCa therapy, particularly for improving the response to RT; or whether ideally both processes need to be targeted. Concerning the first assumption, we investigated the RT response of LNCaP PCa cells following overexpression of different CAV1 mutants. While CAV1 overexpression generally caused an increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype in respective LNCaP cells, effects that were accompanied by increasing levels of the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, only wildtype CAV1 was able to increase the three-dimensional growth of LNCaP spheroids, particularly following RT. Both effects could be limited by an additional treatment with the SRC inhibitor dasatinib, finally resulting in radiosensitization. Using co-cultured (CAV1-expressing) fibroblasts as an approximation to the in vivo situation of early PCa it could be revealed that RT itself caused an activated, more tumor-promoting phenotype of stromal fibroblats with an increased an increased metabolic potential, that could not be limited by combined dasatinib treatment. Thus, targeting fibroblasts and/or limiting fibroblast activation, potentially by limiting the loss of stromal CAV1 seems to be absolute for inhibiting the resistance-promoting CAV1-dependent signals of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wittka
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Ketteler
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Borgards
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Maier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high failure rate in drug discovery remains a costly and time-consuming challenge. Improving the odds of success in the early steps of drug development requires disease models with high biological relevance for biomarker discovery and drug development. The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems over traditional monolayers in cell-based assays is considered a promising step toward improving the success rate in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED In this article, the author focuses on new technologies for 3D cell culture and their applications in cancer drug discovery. Besides the most common 3D cell-culture systems for tumor cells, the article emphasizes the need for 3D cell culture technologies that can mimic the complex tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cell niche. EXPERT OPINION There has been a rapid increase in 3D cell culture technologies in recent years in an effort to more closely mimic in vivo physiology. Each 3D cell culture system has its own strengths and weaknesses with regard to in vivo tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment. This requires careful consideration of which 3D cell culture system is chosen for drug discovery and should be based on factors like drug target and tumor origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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14
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Sánchez-Salazar MG, Álvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Advances in 3D bioprinting for the biofabrication of tumor models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Reidy E, Leonard NA, Treacy O, Ryan AE. A 3D View of Colorectal Cancer Models in Predicting Therapeutic Responses and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E227. [PMID: 33435170 PMCID: PMC7827038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many advances in recent years for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients with late stage CRC display resistance to multiple different therapeutics. An important aspect in developing effective therapeutics for CRC patients is understanding the interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as it has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in vivo. Much research over the past 100 years has focused on 2D monolayer cultures or in vivo studies, however, the efficacy in translating these to the clinic is very low. More recent studies are turning towards developing an effective 3D model of CRC that is clinically relevant, that can recapitulate the TME in vitro and bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in the future. This review summarises the advantages and limitations of different 3D CRC models. It emphasizes how different 3D models may be optimised to study cellular and extracellular interactions that take place in the TME of CRC in an effort to allow the development of more translatable effective treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Reidy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh A. Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E. Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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16
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Zhang Y, Pu W, Bousquenaud M, Cattin S, Zaric J, Sun LK, Rüegg C. Emodin Inhibits Inflammation, Carcinogenesis, and Cancer Progression in the AOM/DSS Model of Colitis-Associated Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:564674. [PMID: 33489875 PMCID: PMC7821392 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.564674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Chronic inflammation contributes to CRC development and progression. Emodin, is a natural anthraquinone derivative with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. We used the AOM/DSS model of colitis-associated intestinal tumorigenesis to characterize the effect of Emodin on inflammation and tumorigenesis at weeks 3, 5, and 14 after initiation with AOM. At all three time points, Emodin (50 mg/kg) reduced inflammatory cell (i.e. CD11b+ and F4/80+) recruitment, cytokine (i.e. TNFα, IL1α/β, IL6, CCL2, CXCL5) and pro-inflammatory enzymes (i.e. COX-2, NOS2) expression in the tumor microenvironment, while promoting recruitment of CD3+ T lymphocytes at 14 weeks. Emodin decreased the incidence of premalignant lesions (adenoma) at week 3, the incidence of dysplastic lesions and carcinomas at week 5, and the incidence, size and the invasiveness of carcinomas at week 14. Emodin also reduced the acute clinical intestinal symptoms (i.e. bleeding and diarrhea) during DSS treatment. In vitro, Emodin inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and reduced viability, adhesion, migration, and fibroblasts-induced invasion of SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that Emodin suppresses carcinogenesis-associated intestinal inflammation and prevents AOM/DSS-induced intestinal tumorigenesis and progression. These results instigate further studies on Emodin as a natural agent for the prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Weiling Pu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mélanie Bousquenaud
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cattin
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Zaric
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Li-Kang Sun
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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17
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Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121186. [PMID: 33291351 PMCID: PMC7762220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority of promising preclinical drugs have no or weak efficacy in real patients with tumors, thereby delaying the discovery of successful therapeutics. This is because 2D culture lacks cell–cell contacts and natural tumor microenvironment, important in tumor signaling and drug response, thereby resulting in a reduced malignant phenotype compared to the real tumor. In this sense, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells that better recapitulate in vivo cell environments emerged as scientifically accurate and low cost cancer models for preclinical screening and testing of new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 3D tumor systems and highlight the strategies for spheroid construction and evaluation tools of targeted therapies, focusing on their applicability in cancer research. Examples of the applicability of 3D culture for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines are discussed.
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18
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Chen Q, Wang Y. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2071-2082. [PMID: 32935182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture technology is a novel cell culture technology, which can simulate the growth state of cells in vivo by scaffolds or special devices. Cells can form tissues or organs in vitro. It combines some advantages of traditional cell experiments and animal model experiments. Because of its advantages, it is widely used in clinical medical research, including research on stem cell differentiation, research on cell behavior, migration and invasion, study on microenvironment, study on drug sensitivity and radio-sensitivity of tumor cells, etc. In this paper, the evolution and classification of three-dimensional cell culture are reviewed, also the advantages and shortages are compared. The application of three-dimensional cell culture in clinical medicine are summarized to provide an insight into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Youbin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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19
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Martín MJ, Gentili C, Lassalle V. In vitro Biological Tests as the First Tools To Validate Magnetic Nanotheranostics for Colorectal Cancer Models. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1003-1017. [PMID: 32365271 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Nanotechnology has focused on reaching more effective treatments. In this concern, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been studied for a wide range of biomedical applications related to CRC, such as diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and thermal therapy. However, limited research is currently found in the open literature that refers to nanosystems combining all these mentioned areas (theranostics). When developing nanosystems intended as theranostics applied to CRC, possible variations between patients must be considered. Therefore, multiple in vitro assays are required as guidance for future preclinical and clinical trials. The objective of this contribution is to evaluate the available and recent literature regarding the interactions of MNP and CRC models, aiming to critically analyze the information given by the commonly used assays and evaluate the data provided by each one with a view to implementing this novel technology in CRC diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martín
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica Lassalle
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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20
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Ramzy GM, Koessler T, Ducrey E, McKee T, Ris F, Buchs N, Rubbia-Brandt L, Dietrich PY, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Drug Discovery in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061423. [PMID: 32486365 PMCID: PMC7352800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of relevant preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancer has slowed down the development and approval of new anti-cancer therapies. Even though two-dimensional in vitro culture models remain widely used, they allow only partial cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and therefore do not represent the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, better models reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity need to be incorporated in the drug screening process to more reliably predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Classic methods of modelling colorectal carcinoma (CRC), while useful for many applications, carry numerous limitations. In this review, we address the recent advances in in vitro CRC model systems, ranging from conventional CRC patient-derived models, such as conditional reprogramming-based cell cultures, to more experimental and state-of-the-art models, such as cancer-on-chip platforms or liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Ramzy
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Eloise Ducrey
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Buchs
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3352
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21
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Raposo TP, Susanti S, Ilyas M. Investigating TNS4 in the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment Using 3D Spheroid Models of Invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000031. [PMID: 32390347 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TNS4 (Tensin 4 or Cten) is a putative oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) with a role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The objective is to study the role of TNS4 in CRC using more realistic models of the tumor microenvironment. CRC cells expressing TdTomato protein and shTNS4/shLUC hairpin oligos are grown in 3D spheroids with and without cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Adhesiveness to collagen I and CAFs is assessed in 2D and cell proliferation, volume, and invasion are assessed in 3D conditions. The role of TNS4 knockdown in gefitinib chemosensitivity and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ras protein levels are also tested. In general, TNS4 knockdown increases cell proliferation in cell lines producing compact spheroids. The addition of CAFs in spheroids supports CRC cell proliferation, whereas CAFs themselves do not proliferate, but increases ECM degradation. TNS4 knockdown reduces adhesiveness and 3D invasion and disrupts EGFR signaling which results in increased sensitivity to Gefitinib. In conclusion, in a 3D spheroid model, TNS4 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell invasion into the ECM, possibly by adhesion to the ECM and stromal cells. TNS4 knockdown enhances sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and may be helpful for Kirsten ras oncogene homolog mutant CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Raposo
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Susanti Susanti
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK.,Dr. S. Susanti, Deparment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas, Central Java, 53182, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
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22
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Kasper SH, Morell-Perez C, Wyche TP, Sana TR, Lieberman LA, Hett EC. Colorectal cancer-associated anaerobic bacteria proliferate in tumor spheroids and alter the microenvironment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5321. [PMID: 32210258 PMCID: PMC7093526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports show that colorectal tumors contain microbiota that are distinct from those that reside in a 'normal' colon environment, and that these microbiota can contribute to cancer progression. Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most commonly observed species in the colorectal tumor microenvironment and reportedly influences disease progression through numerous mechanisms. However, a detailed understanding of the role of this organism in cancer progression is limited, in part due to challenges in maintaining F. nucleatum viability under standard aerobic cell culture conditions. Herein we describe the development of a 3-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid model that can harbor and promote the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Bacteria-tumor cell interactions and metabolic crosstalk were extensively studied by measuring the kinetics of bacterial growth, cell morphology and lysis, cancer-related gene expression, and metabolomics. We observed that viable F. nucleatum assembles biofilm-like structures in the tumor spheroid microenvironment, whereas heat-killed F. nucleatum is internalized and sequestered in the cancer cells. Lastly, we use the model to co-culture 28 Fusobacterium clinical isolates and demonstrate that the model successfully supports co-culture with diverse fusobacterial species. This bacteria-spheroid co-culture model enables mechanistic investigation of the role of anaerobic bacteria in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Kasper
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Thomas P Wyche
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theodore R Sana
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda A Lieberman
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik C Hett
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
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24
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Are Integrins Still Practicable Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070978. [PMID: 31336983 PMCID: PMC6678560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative clinical evidence and experimental observations indicate that integrin adhesion receptors, in particular those of the αV family, are relevant to cancer cell features, including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, integrins promote events in the tumor microenvironment that are critical for tumor progression and metastasis, including tumor angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and the recruitment of immune and inflammatory cells. In spite of compelling preclinical results demonstrating that the inhibition of integrin αVβ3/αVβ5 and α5β1 has therapeutic potential, clinical trials with integrin inhibitors targeting those integrins have repeatedly failed to demonstrate therapeutic benefits in cancer patients. Here, we review emerging integrin functions and their proposed contribution to tumor progression, discuss preclinical evidence of therapeutic significance, revisit clinical trial results, and consider alternative approaches for their therapeutic targeting in oncology, including targeting integrins in the other cells of the tumor microenvironment, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune/inflammatory cells. We conclude that integrins remain a valid target for cancer therapy; however, agents with better pharmacological properties, alternative models for their preclinical evaluation, and innovative combination strategies for clinical testing (e.g., together with immuno-oncology agents) are needed.
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Manfredonia C, Muraro MG, Hirt C, Mele V, Governa V, Papadimitropoulos A, Däster S, Soysal SD, Droeser RA, Mechera R, Oertli D, Rosso R, Bolli M, Zettl A, Terracciano LM, Spagnoli GC, Martin I, Iezzi G. Maintenance of Primary Human Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment Using a Perfusion Bioreactor-Based 3D Culture System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800300. [PMID: 32627426 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens have limited success rates, and a major challenge for the development of novel therapies is the lack of adequate in vitro models. Nonmalignant mesenchymal and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are known to critically affect CRC progression and drug responsiveness. However, tumor drug sensitivity is still evaluated on systems, such as cell monolayers, spheroids, or tumor xenografts, which typically neglect the original TME. Here, it is investigated whether a bioreactor-based 3D culture system can preserve the main TME cellular components in primary CRC samples. Freshly excised CRC fragments are inserted between two collagen scaffolds in a "sandwich-like" format and cultured under static or perfused conditions up to 3 d. Perfused cultures maintain tumor tissue architecture and densities of proliferating tumor cells to significantly higher extents than static cultures. Stromal and immune cells are also preserved and fully viable, as indicated by their responsiveness to microenvironmental stimuli. Importantly, perfusion-based cultures prove suitable for testing the sensitivity of primary tumor cells to chemotherapies currently in use for CRC. Perfusion-based culture of primary CRC specimens recapitulates TME key features and may allow assessment of tumor drug response in a patient-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Manfredonia
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hirt
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Mele
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Governa
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Adam Papadimitropoulos
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oertli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Rosso
- Department of Surgery, Canton Hospital Lugano, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bolli
- Department of Surgery, Claraspital, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Università Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
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Development of extracellular matrix supported 3D culture of renal cancer cells and renal cancer stem cells. Cytotechnology 2018; 71:149-163. [PMID: 30599072 PMCID: PMC6368519 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel experimental conditions of cancer cell line culture have evolved throughout the recent years, with significantly growing interest in xeno-free, serum-free and three-dimensional culture variants. The choice of proper culture media may enable to mimic tumor microenvironment and promotion of cancer stem cells proliferation. To assess whether stem-like phenotype inducing media may be applied in renal cancer stem cell research, we performed a widespread screening of 13 cell culture media dedicated for mesenchymal cells, stem cells as well as mesenchymal stem cells. We have also screened extracellular matrix compounds and selected optimal RCC 3D-ECM supported culture model. Our results revealed that 786-O as well as HKCSCs cell line cultures in xeno-free media (NutriStem/StemXvivo) and laminin coated plates provide a useful tool in RCC cancer biology research and at the same time enable effective drug toxicity screening. We propose bio-mimic 3D RCC cell culture model with specific low-serum and xeno-free media that promote RCC cell viability and stem-like phenotype according to the tested genes encoding stemness factors including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, HIF1, HIF2, VEGF, SOX2, PAX2 and NESTIN.
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