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Husarova T, MacCuaig WM, Dennahy IS, Sanderson EJ, Edil BH, Jain A, Bonds MM, McNally MW, Menclova K, Pudil J, Zaruba P, Pohnan R, Henson CE, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Intraoperative Imaging in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3694. [PMID: 37509355 PMCID: PMC10377919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery belongs to one of the most complex fields of general surgery. An intricate and vital anatomy is accompanied by difficult distinctions of tumors from fibrosis and inflammation; the identification of precise tumor margins; or small, even disappearing, lesions on currently available imaging. The routine implementation of ultrasound use shifted the possibilities in the operating room, yet more precision is necessary to achieve negative resection margins. Modalities utilizing fluorescent-compatible dyes have proven their role in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, although this is not yet a routine practice, as there are many limitations. Modalities, such as photoacoustic imaging or 3D holograms, are emerging but are mostly limited to preclinical settings. There is a need to identify and develop an ideal contrast agent capable of differentiating between malignant and benign tissue and to report on the prognostic benefits of implemented intraoperative imaging in order to navigate clinical translation. This review focuses on existing and developing imaging modalities for intraoperative use, tailored to the needs of hepatopancreatobiliary cancers. We will also cover the application of these imaging techniques to theranostics to achieve combined diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Husarova
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Military University Hospital Prague, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Isabel S. Dennahy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Emma J. Sanderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Barish H. Edil
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Morgan M. Bonds
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Molly W. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Katerina Menclova
- Department of Surgery, Military University Hospital Prague, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pudil
- Department of Surgery, Military University Hospital Prague, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zaruba
- Department of Surgery, Military University Hospital Prague, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohnan
- Department of Surgery, Military University Hospital Prague, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christina E. Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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New Insights into the Biological Response Triggered by Dextran-Coated Maghemite Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Their Potential for Theranostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043307. [PMID: 36834718 PMCID: PMC9965009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most promising tools for theranostic applications of pancreatic cancer due to their unique physicochemical and magnetic properties making them suitable for both diagnosis and therapy. Thus, our study aimed to characterize the properties of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (DIO-NPs) of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) type synthesized by co-precipitation and to investigate their effects (low-dose versus high-dose) on pancreatic cancer cells focusing on NP cellular uptake, MR contrast, and toxicological profile. This paper also addressed the modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and p53 protein expression as well as the potential of DIO-NPs for theranostic purposes. DIO-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering analyses (DLS), and zeta potential. Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 cell line) were exposed to different doses of dextran-coated ɣ-Fe2O3 NPs (14, 28, 42, 56 μg/mL) for up to 72 h. The results revealed that DIO-NPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 16.3 nm produce a significant negative contrast using a 7 T MRI scanner correlated with dose-dependent cellular iron uptake and toxicity levels. We showed that DIO-NPs are biocompatible up to a concentration of 28 μg/mL (low-dose), while exposure to a concentration of 56 μg/mL (high-dose) caused a reduction in PANC-1 cell viability to 50% after 72 h by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation, enhancement of caspase-1 activity, and LDH release. An alteration in Hsp70 and Hsp90 protein expression was also observed. At low doses, these findings provide evidence that DIO-NPs could act as safe platforms in drug delivery, as well as antitumoral and imaging agents for theranostic uses in pancreatic cancer.
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Does Surgical Resection Significantly Prolong the Long-Term Survival of Patients with Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma? A Cross-Sectional Study Based on 18 Registries. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020513. [PMID: 36675442 PMCID: PMC9867229 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of lethal gastrointestinal malignancy. It is mainly discovered at, and diagnosed with, an advanced stage of metastasis. As the only potentially curative treatment for PDAC, surgical resection has an uncertain impact on the survival of these patients. As such, we aimed to investigate if patients with metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) benefit from surgery. Methods: Patients with pancreatic cancer in 18 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), the eighth edition staging system was utilized. Propensity score matching was applied to strengthen the comparability of the study. The impact of surgery on survival was evaluated by restricted mean survival time (RMST) and Kaplan−Meier analysis. Results: A total of 210 well-matched mPDAC patients were included in the study. The 1 year, 3 year, and 5 year overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing surgery was 34.3%, 15.2%, and 11.0%, respectively. The 1 year, 3 year, and 5 year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of these patients was 36.1%, 19.7%, and 14.2%, respectively. RMST analysis revealed that mPDAC patients with surgery had better OS and CSS than those without (OS: 9.49 months vs. 6.45 months, p < 0.01; CSS: 9.76 months vs. 6.54 months, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, subgroup analysis demonstrated that such statistical significance especially existed in oligometastatic PDAC patients, which refers to those metastases that were limited in number and concentrated to a single organ in this study. Additionally, surgery was identified as a significant predictor for the long-term prognosis of patients (OS: [HR, hazard ratio] = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36−0.65, p < 0.001; CSS: HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.33−0.63, p < 0.001). Lastly, a nomogram was established to predict whether an individual was suitable for surgical treatment in this study. Conclusions: Surgical resection significantly prolonged the long-term prognosis of oligometastatic PDAC patients. Such insights might broaden the management of patients with mPDAC to a large extent. However, a prospective clinical trial should be conducted before a recommendation of surgery in these patients.
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Liu R, Xu Y, Zhang N, Qu S, Zeng W, Li R, Dai Z. Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Li C, Yin X, Liu Z, Wang J. Emerging Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target of Ferroptosis in PDAC: A Promising Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15031. [PMID: 36499358 PMCID: PMC9740869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating malignant tumor of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors characterized by late diagnosis, low treatment success and poor prognosis. The most common pathological type of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for approximately 95% of PC. PDAC is primarily driven by the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogene. Ferroptosis was originally described as ras-dependent cell death but is now defined as a regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have revealed that ferroptosis plays an important role in the development and therapeutic response of tumors, especially PDAC. As the non-apoptotic cell death, ferroptosis may minimize the emergence of drug resistance for clinical trials of PDAC. This article reviews what has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms of ferroptosis in PDAC, introduces the association between ferroptosis and the KRAS target, and summarizes several potential strategies that are capable of triggering ferroptosis to suppress PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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Girish BP, Dariya B, Mannarapu M, Nagaraju GP, Raju GSR. Targeting the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using nano-phytomedicines. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1155-1162. [PMID: 34147639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite advanced therapeutic strategies, the mortality and morbidity of pancreatic cancer (PC) have been increasing. This is due to the anomalous proliferation activity of stromal cells, like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These cells develop resistance in the tumor cells, blocking the drug from entering the target tumor site, ultimately resulting in tumor metastasis. Additionally, the current conventional adjuvant techniques, including chemo and radiotherapy, carry higher risk due to their excess toxicity against normal healthy cells. Phytochemicals including curcumin, irinotecan and paclitaxel are anti-oxidants, less toxic, and have anti-cancerous properties; however, the use of phytochemicals is limited due to their less solubility and bioavailability. Nanotechnology offers the resources to directly target the drug to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the current treatment modalities. This review focuses on the importance of nanotechnology for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapy and on delivering the nano-formulated phytochemicals to the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Prabhakar Girish
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - Begum Dariya
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mastan Mannarapu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Chittoor, Andra Pradesh, 517 426, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Tarannum M, Vivero-Escoto JL. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies targeting major clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114357. [PMID: 35605679 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers due to its aggressiveness and the challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Recently, nanotechnology has demonstrated relevant strategies to overcome some of the major clinical issues in the treatment of PDAC. This review is focused on the pathological hallmarks of PDAC and the impact of nanotechnology to find solutions. It describes the use of nanoparticle-based systems designed for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and combinatorial alternatives that address the chemoresistance associated with PDAC, the development of combination therapies targeting the molecular heterogeneity in PDAC, the investigation of novel therapies dealing with the improvement of immunotherapy and handling the desmoplastic stroma in PDAC by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. A special section is dedicated to the design of nanoparticles for unique non-traditional modalities that could be promising in the future for the improvement in the dismal prognosis of PDAC.
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Zhang G, Li N, Qi Y, Zhao Q, Zhan J, Yu D. Synergistic ferroptosis-gemcitabine chemotherapy of the gemcitabine loaded carbonaceous nanozymes to enhance the treatment and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:284-297. [PMID: 35151925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and it is resistant to most conventional antineoplastic therapies. To address this challenge, gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded carbonaceous nanoparticles (MFC-Gem) as nanozymes and a theranostic platform were fabricated and used for MR-guided ferroptosis-chemo synergetic therapy of PDAC. As a biocompatible carrier, MFC-Gem nanoparticles are regarded as peroxidase-like and glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes that promote ferroptosis therapy by effectively generating ROS and consuming GSH. Meanwhile, the combination of MnFe2O4 and Gem can markedly enhance synergetic therapy by both ferroptosis and Gem chemotherapy. MFC-Gem has higher magnetic susceptibility and was used for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring of the PDAC treatment. In conclusion, these salient features unequivocally indicate that this biocompatible nanotheranostic system has cooperative and enhancing chemotherapy effects for anti-PDAC therapy with simultaneous MRI monitoring. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and it is resistant to most conventional antineoplastic therapies. To address this challenge, gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded carbonaceous nanoparticles (MFC-Gem) as nanozymes and a theranostic platform were fabricated and used for MR-guided ferroptosis-chemo synergetic therapy of PDAC. i) MFC nanoparticles are regarded as peroxidase-like and glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes that enhance ferroptosis therapy by effectively generating ROS and consuming GSH. ii) The combination of MnFe2O4 and Gem can markedly enhance synergetic therapy by both ferroptosis and Gem chemotherapy. iii) MFC-Gem has higher magnetic susceptibility and was used for simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring of the PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaorui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nianlu Li
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yafei Qi
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Quanqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Translational Medicine Research Center in Nano Molecular and Functional Imaging of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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A Review on the Efficacy and Safety of Nab-Paclitaxel with Gemcitabine in Combination with Other Therapeutic Agents as New Treatment Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030327. [PMID: 35330078 PMCID: PMC8953820 DOI: 10.3390/life12030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, and a combination of nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine remains the cornerstone of first-line therapy. However, major advances are required to achieve improvements in patient outcomes. For this reason, several research groups have proposed supplementing treatment with other therapeutic agents. Ongoing studies are being conducted to find the optimal treatment in a first-line setting. In this work, we used a search strategy to compare studies on the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine in combination with other therapeutic agents based on the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. We found seven studies in different clinical phases that met the inclusion criteria. The seven therapeutic agents were ibrutinib, necuparanib, tarextumab, apatorsen, cisplatin, enzalutamide, and momelotinib. Although these therapeutic agents have different mechanisms of action, and molecular biology studies are still needed, the present review was aimed to answer the following question: which formulations of the nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine regimen in combination with other therapeutic agents are safest for patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma? The triple regimen is emerging as the first-line option for patients with pancreatic cancer, albeit with some limitations. Thus, further studies of this regimen are recommended.
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Yan J, Zou H, Zhou W, Yuan X, Li Z, Ma X, Liu C, Wang Y, Rosenholm JM, Cui W, Qu X, Zhang H. Self-assembly of DNA Nanogels with Endogenous MicroRNA Toehold Self-regulating Switches for Targeted Gene Regulation Therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4119-4125. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a smart nanohydrogel with endogenous microRNA-21 toehold is developed to encapsulate gemcitabine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted pancreatic cancer therapy. This toehold mediated strand displacement method can simultaneously achieve...
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Liu L, Kshirsagar PG, Gautam SK, Gulati M, Wafa EI, Christiansen JC, White BM, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Salem AK, Narasimhan B, Jain M. Nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer imaging, treatments, and immunotherapies. Theranostics 2022; 12:1030-1060. [PMID: 35154473 PMCID: PMC8771545 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and biochemical stresses that lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure, vascular compression, and hypoxia. Immunotherapy-based approaches, including therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T cell therapy, and adoptive T cell therapies, are challenged by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Together, extensive fibrosis and immunosuppression present major challenges to developing treatments for pancreatic cancer. In this context, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as delivery platforms and adjuvants for cancer and other disease therapies. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of multiple nanocarrier-based formulations that not only improve drug delivery but also enhance immunotherapy-based approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review discusses and critically analyzes the novel nanoscale strategies that have been used for drug delivery and immunomodulation to improve treatment efficacy, including newly emerging immunotherapy-based approaches. This review also presents important perspectives on future research directions that will guide the rational design of novel and robust nanoscale platforms to treat pancreatic tumors, particularly with respect to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These insights will inform the next generation of clinical treatments to help patients manage this debilitating disease and enhance survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Prakash G. Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Emad I. Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John C. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Brianna M. White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
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Nanotechnology for Enhancing Medical Imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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Advancing Tumor Microenvironment Research by Combining Organs-on-Chips and Biosensors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:171-203. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Status and Future Opportunities for Overcoming Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246175. [PMID: 34944794 PMCID: PMC8699181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite access to a vast arsenal of anticancer agents, many fail to realise their full therapeutic potential in clinical practice. One key determinant of this is the evolution of multifaceted resistance mechanisms within the tumour that may either pre-exist or develop during the course of therapy. This is particularly evident in pancreatic cancer, where limited responses to treatment underlie dismal survival rates, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the major features of pancreatic tumours that contribute to therapy resistance, and how they may be alleviated through exploitation of the mounting and exciting promise of nanomedicines; a unique collection of nanoscale platforms with tunable and multifunctional capabilities that have already elicited a widespread impact on cancer management. Abstract The development of drug resistance remains one of the greatest clinical oncology challenges that can radically dampen the prospect of achieving complete and durable tumour control. Efforts to mitigate drug resistance are therefore of utmost importance, and nanotechnology is rapidly emerging for its potential to overcome such issues. Studies have showcased the ability of nanomedicines to bypass drug efflux pumps, counteract immune suppression, serve as radioenhancers, correct metabolic disturbances and elicit numerous other effects that collectively alleviate various mechanisms of tumour resistance. Much of this progress can be attributed to the remarkable benefits that nanoparticles offer as drug delivery vehicles, such as improvements in pharmacokinetics, protection against degradation and spatiotemporally controlled release kinetics. These attributes provide scope for precision targeting of drugs to tumours that can enhance sensitivity to treatment and have formed the basis for the successful clinical translation of multiple nanoformulations to date. In this review, we focus on the longstanding reputation of pancreatic cancer as one of the most difficult-to-treat malignancies where resistance plays a dominant role in therapy failure. We outline the mechanisms that contribute to the treatment-refractory nature of these tumours, and how they may be effectively addressed by harnessing the unique capabilities of nanomedicines. Moreover, we include a brief perspective on the likely future direction of nanotechnology in pancreatic cancer, discussing how efforts to develop multidrug formulations will guide the field further towards a therapeutic solution for these highly intractable tumours.
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Cholecystokinin-B Receptor-Targeted Nanoparticle for Imaging and Detection of Precancerous Lesions in the Pancreas. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121766. [PMID: 34944412 PMCID: PMC8698999 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival from pancreatic cancer remains extremely poor, in part because this malignancy is not diagnosed in the early stages, and precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions are not seen on routine radiographic imaging. Since the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) becomes over-expressed in PanIN lesions, it may serve as a target for early detection. We developed a biodegradable fluorescent polyplex nanoparticle (NP) that selectively targets the CCK-BR. The NP was complexed to a fluorescent oligonucleotide with Alexa Fluor 647 for far-red imaging and to an oligonucleotide conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 for localization by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence was detected over the pancreas of five- to ten-month-old LSL-KrasG12D/+; P48-Cre (KC) mice only after the injection of the receptor target-specific NP and not after injection of untargeted NP. Ex vivo tissue imaging and selective immunohistochemistry confirmed particle localization only to PanIN lesions in the pancreas and not in other organs, supporting the tissue specificity. A human pancreas tissue microarray demonstrated immunoreactivity for the CCK-BR only in the PanIN lesions and not in normal pancreas tissue. The long-term goal would be to develop this imaging tool for screening human subjects at high risk for pancreatic cancer to enable early cancer detection.
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16
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Mahapatra C, Lee R, Paul MK. Emerging role and promise of nanomaterials in organoid research. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:890-899. [PMID: 34774765 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are 3D stem cell-derived self-organization of cells. Organoid bioengineering helps recreate and tailor their architecture in vitro to generate mini organ-like properties, providing the opportunity to study fundamental cell behavior in heterogeneous populations and as a tool to model various diseases. Nanomaterials (NMs) are becoming indispensable in regenerative medicine and in developing treatment modalities for various diseases. Therefore, organoid-NM interactions are set to gain traction for the development of advanced diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we discuss the interactions of NMs with distinctive organoid types, organoid matrices, trafficking and cargo delivery, organs-on-a-chip, bioprinting, downstream therapeutic implications, and future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Manash K Paul
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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17
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Ali N, Srivastava N. Recent Advancements for the Management of Pancreatic Cancer: Current Insights. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210625153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fatal forms of cancer includes cancer of the pancreas And the most
rapid malignancy is observed in PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). The high lethality rate
is generally due to very late diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Desmoplastic
stromal barrier results in resistance to immunotherapy. Other reasons for the high lethality
rate include the absence of effective treatment and standard screening tests. Hence, there is a
need for effective novel carrier systems. “A formulation, method, or device that allows the desired
therapeutic substance to reach its site of action in such a manner that nontarget cells experience
minimum effect is referred to as a drug delivery system”. The delivery system is responsible for introducing
the active component into the body. They are also liable for boosting the efficacy and desirable
targeted action on the tumorous tissues. Several studies, researches, and developments have
yielded various advanced drug delivery systems, which include liposomes, nanoparticles, carbon
nanotubules, renovoCath, etc. These systems control rate and location of the release. They are designed
while taking into consideration characteristic properties of the tumor and tumor stroma. These
delivery systems overcome the barriers in drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer. Alongside providing
palliative benefits, these delivery systems also aim to correct the underlying reason for the
defect. The following review article aims and focuses to bring out a brief idea about systems, methods,
and technologies for futuristic drug deliverance in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Ali
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow,India
| | - Nimisha Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow,India
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18
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David KI, Ravikumar TS, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Development and evaluation of a multi-functional organic-inorganic nanotheranostic hybrid for pancreatic cancer therapy. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34298521 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive disease with low survival rates. The high death rates associated with pancreatic cancer are due to multiple factors including late stage diagnosis, multi-drug resistance, invasive nature and restricted access of the therapeutic moiety to the cancer cells due to the stroma. Smart multifunctional nanocarriers that deliver the therapeutic agent in to the cancer tissue as well as enable imaging of the tissue represent an emerging paradigm in cancer therapy. Accurate and reliable detection of cancerous lesions in pancreas is essential for designing appropriate therapeutic strategy to annihilate the highly aggressive pancreatic cancer. A combination of imaging modalities can enhance the reliability of cancer detection. In this context, we report here a hybrid iron oxide-gold nanoparticle with dual contrast enhancing ability for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) that is co-encapsulated with the nucleotide analogue gemcitabine in a chitosan matrix. The theranostic system displayed enhanced cytotoxicity against PanC-1 pancreatic cancer cells when compared to normal cells over 48 h due to differences in cell internalization. The iron oxide-gold hybrid enabled visualization of the theranostic nanoparticle by MRI as well as micro-CT. Further, the magnetocaloric effect of the iron oxide enabled faster release of the chemotherapeutic agent as well as augmented the cytotoxicity by inducing hyperthermia. This system holds promise for further exploration as an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platform for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn Infanta David
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - T S Ravikumar
- Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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19
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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20
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Alzhrani R, Alsaab HO, Vanamal K, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Barari A, Sau S, Iyer AK. Overcoming the Tumor Microenvironmental Barriers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas for Achieving Better Treatment Outcomes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000262. [PMID: 34212073 PMCID: PMC8240487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with the lowest survival rate among all solid tumors. The lethality of PDAC arises from late detection and propensity of the tumor to metastasize and develop resistance against chemo and radiation therapy. A highly complex tumor microenvironment composed of dense stroma, immune cells, fibroblast, and disorganized blood vessels, is the main obstacle to current PDAC therapy. Despite the tremendous success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancers, PDAC remains one of the poorest responders of ICIs therapy. The immunologically "cold" phenotype of PDAC is attributed to the low mutational burden, high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regs, contributing to a significant immunotherapy resistance mechanism. Thus, the development of innovative strategies for turning immunologically "cold" tumor into "hot" ones is an unmet need to improve the outcome of PDAC ICIs therapies. Other smart strategies, such as nanomedicines, sonic Hedgehog inhibitor, or smoothened inhibitor, are discussed to enhance chemotherapeutic agents' efficiency by disrupting the PDAC stroma. This review highlights the current challenges and various preclinical and clinical strategies to overcome current PDAC therapy difficulties, thus significantly advancing PDAC research knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alzhrani
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Vanamal
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ayatakshi Barari
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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21
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Beola L, Grazú V, Fernández-Afonso Y, Fratila RM, de las Heras M, de la Fuente JM, Gutiérrez L, Asín L. Critical Parameters to Improve Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Using Magnetic Hyperthermia: Field Conditions, Immune Response, and Particle Biodistribution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12982-12996. [PMID: 33709682 PMCID: PMC8892434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) was used to treat a murine model of pancreatic cancer. This type of cancer is generally characterized by the presence of dense stroma that acts as a barrier for chemotherapeutic treatments. Several alternating magnetic field (AMF) conditions were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to determine which conditions were producing a strong effect on the cell viability. Once the optimal AMF conditions were selected, in vivo experiments were carried out using similar frequency and field amplitude parameters. A marker of the immune response activation, calreticulin (CALR), was evaluated in cells from a xenograft tumor model after the MH treatment. Moreover, the distribution of nanoparticles within the tumor tissue was assessed by histological analysis of tumor sections, observing that the exposure to the alternating magnetic field resulted in the migration of particles toward the inner parts of the tumor. Finally, a relationship between an inadequate body biodistribution of the particles after their intratumoral injection and a significant decrease in the effectiveness of the MH treatment was found. Animals in which most of the particles remained in the tumor area after injection showed higher reductions in the tumor volume growth in comparison with those animals in which part of the particles were found also in the liver and spleen. Therefore, our results point out several factors that should be considered to improve the treatment effectiveness of pancreatic cancer by magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne Beola
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de
Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yilian Fernández-Afonso
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de
Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raluca M. Fratila
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M. de la Fuente
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de
Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Asín
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC—Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Delle Cave D, Rizzo R, Sainz B, Gigli G, del Mercato LL, Lonardo E. The Revolutionary Roads to Study Cell-Cell Interactions in 3D In Vitro Pancreatic Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:930. [PMID: 33672435 PMCID: PMC7926501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, the fourth most common cancer worldwide, shows a highly unsuccessful therapeutic response. In the last 10 years, neither important advancements nor new therapeutic strategies have significantly impacted patient survival, highlighting the need to pursue new avenues for drug development discovery and design. Advanced cellular models, resembling as much as possible the original in vivo tumor environment, may be more successful in predicting the efficacy of future anti-cancer candidates in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss novel bioengineered platforms for anticancer drug discovery in pancreatic cancer, from traditional two-dimensional models to innovative three-dimensional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Delle Cave
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR-IGB), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (G.G.); (L.L.d.M.)
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Spain and Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (G.G.); (L.L.d.M.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loretta L. del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.R.); (G.G.); (L.L.d.M.)
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR-IGB), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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23
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Zhang X, Detering L, Sultan D, Luehmann H, Li L, Heo GS, Zhang X, Lou L, Grierson PM, Greco S, Ruzinova M, Laforest R, Dehdashti F, Lim KH, Liu Y. CC Chemokine Receptor 2-Targeting Copper Nanoparticles for Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Delivery of Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1186-1198. [PMID: 33406361 PMCID: PMC7846978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy with dire prognosis due to aggressive biology, lack of effective tools for diagnosis at an early stage, and limited treatment options. Detection of PDAC using conventional radiographic imaging is limited by the dense, hypovascular stromal component and relatively scarce neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The CC motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and its cognate receptor CCR2 (CCL2/CCR2) axis are critical in fostering and maintaining this kind of TME by recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as the tumor-associated macrophages, thereby presenting an opportunity to exploit this axis for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We engineered CCR2-targeting ultrasmall copper nanoparticles (Cu@CuOx) as nanovehicles not only for targeted positron emission tomography imaging by intrinsic radiolabeling with 64Cu but also for loading and delivery of the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine to PDAC. This 64Cu-radiolabeled nanovehicle allowed sensitive and accurate detection of PDAC malignancy in autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models. The ultrasmall Cu@CuOx showed efficient renal clearance, favorable pharmacokinetics, and minimal in vivo toxicity. Systemic administration of gemcitabine-loaded Cu@CuOx effectively suppressed the progression of PDAC tumors in a syngeneic xenograft mouse model and prolonged survival. These CCR2-targeted ultrasmall nanoparticles offer a promising image-guided therapeutic agent and show great potential for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Lanlan Lou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Patrick M. Grierson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Suellen Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Marianna Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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24
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Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI, Sternberg M, Feuerstein GZ. Effects of Fluorescent Diamond Particles FDP-NV-800nm on Essential Biochemical Functions of Primary Human Umbilical Vein Cells and Human Hepatic Cell Line, HepG-2 in vitro (Part VI): Acute Biocompatibility Studies. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:103-118. [PMID: 33116443 PMCID: PMC7547810 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s268107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we reported the safety and biocompatibility of fluorescent diamond particles, FDP-NV-Z-800nm (FDP-NV) injected intravenously into rats, where no morbidity and mortality were noted over a period of 3 months. The acute effects of FDP-NV-800nm particles on cultured human endothelial and hepatic cells remain unexplored. Purpose In this study, we aimed to explore select cellular and biochemical functions in cultured human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and a human hepatic cancer cell line (HepG-2) exposed to FDP-NV-800 in vitro at exposure levels within the pharmacokinetics (Cmax and the nadir) previously reported in vivo. Methods Diverse cellular and biochemical functions were monitored, which cumulatively can provide insights into some vital cellular functions. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by quantitative microscopy. Mitochondrial metabolic functions were tested by the MTT assay, and cytosolic esterase activity was studied by the calcein AM assay. Chaperons (CHOP), BiP and apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) were monitored by using Western blot (WB). MAPK Erk1/2 signaling was assessed by the detection of the phosphorylated form of the protein (P-Erk 1/2) and its translocation into the cell nucleus. Results At all concentrations tested (0.001–0.1mg/mL), FDP-NV did not affect any of the biomarkers of cell integrity of HepG2 cells. In contrast, the proliferation of HUVEC was affected at the highest concentration tested (0.1mg/mL, Cmax). Exposure of HUVEC to (0.01 mg/mL) FDP-NV had a mild-moderate effect on cell proliferation as evident in the MTT assay and was absent when proliferation was assessed by direct cell counting or by using the calcein AM assays. In both cell types, exposure to the highest concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of FDP-NV did neither affect FBS-stimulated cell signaling (MAPK Erk1/2 phosphorylation) nor did it activate of Caspase 3. Conclusion Our data suggest that FDP-NV-800nm are largely biocompatible with HepG-2 cells proliferation within the pharmacokinetic data reported previously. In contrast, HUVEC proliferation at the highest exposure dose (0.1 mg/mL) responded adversely with respect to several biomarkers of cell integrity. However, since the Cmax levels are very short-living, the risk for endothelial injury is likely minimal for slow rate cell proliferation such as endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Debina Diagnostics Inc., Newtown Square, PA, USA.,College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Madamsetty VS, Pal K, Dutta SK, Wang E, Mukhopadhyay D. Targeted Dual Intervention-Oriented Drug-Encapsulated (DIODE) Nanoformulations for Improved Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051189. [PMID: 32397114 PMCID: PMC7281578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements, effective treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained elusive. The overall survival rate in PDAC patients has been dismally low due to resistance to standard therapies. In fact, the failure of monotherapies to provide long-term survival benefits in patients led to ascension of several combination therapies for PDAC treatment. However, these combination therapies provided modest survival improvements while increasing treatment-related adverse side effects. Hence, recent developments in drug delivery methods hold the potential for enhancing therapeutic benefits by offering cocktail drug loading and minimizing chemotherapy-associated side effects. Nanoformulations-aided deliveries of anticancer agents have been a success in recent years. Yet, improving the tumor-targeted delivery of drugs to PDAC remains a major hurdle. In the present paper, we developed several new tumor-targeted dual intervention-oriented drug-encapsulated (DIODE) liposomes. We successfully formulated liposomes loaded with gemcitabine (G), paclitaxel (P), erlotinib (E), XL-184 (c-Met inhibitor, X), and their combinations (GP, GE, and GX) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo efficacies. Our novel DIODE liposomal formulations improved median survival in comparison with gemcitabine-loaded liposomes or vehicle. Our findings are suggestive of the importance of the targeted delivery for combination therapies in improving pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Chauhan SS, Shetty AB, Hatami E, Chowdhury P, Yallapu MM. Pectin-Tannic Acid Nano-Complexes Promote the Delivery and Bioactivity of Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E285. [PMID: 32235765 PMCID: PMC7151099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a lethal disease. Conventional chemotherapies for PanCa offer severe systemic toxicities. Thus, the development of a successful nanomedicine-based therapeutic regimen with augmented therapeutic efficacy is highly sought. Naturally occurring pectin and modified pectin-based drug delivery systems exhibit remarkable self-targeting ability via galactose residues to various cancer cells. Herein, we developed and used an innovative approach of highly stable nanocomplexes based on modified pectin and tannic acid (MPT-NCs). The nanocomplex formation was enabled by strong intermolecular interactions between pectin and tannic acid under very mild conditions. These nanocomplexes were characterized by particle size and morphology (DLS, TEM, and SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Additionally, MPT-NCs were capable of encapsulating anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and irinotecan) through tannic acid binding. The in vitro bioactivity of these drug MPT-NCs were evaluated in pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (HPAF-II and PANC-1). A dose-dependent internalization of nanocomplexes was evident from microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Both proliferation and colony formation assays indicated the anticancer potential of pectin drug nanocomplexes against PDAC cells compared to that of free drug treatments. Together, the pectin-based nanocomplexes could be a reliable and efficient drug delivery strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet S Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Advait B Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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