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Jibola-Shittu MY, Heng Z, Keyhani NO, Dang Y, Chen R, Liu S, Lin Y, Lai P, Chen J, Yang C, Zhang W, Lv H, Wu Z, Huang S, Cao P, Tian L, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Guan X, Qiu J. Understanding and exploring the diversity of soil microorganisms in tea ( Camellia sinensis) gardens: toward sustainable tea production. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1379879. [PMID: 38680916 PMCID: PMC11046421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Camellia sinensis plants are used to produce tea, one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, containing a wide variety of bioactive compounds that help to promote human health. Tea cultivation is economically important, and its sustainable production can have significant consequences in providing agricultural opportunities and lowering extreme poverty. Soil parameters are well known to affect the quality of the resultant leaves and consequently, the understanding of the diversity and functions of soil microorganisms in tea gardens will provide insight to harnessing soil microbial communities to improve tea yield and quality. Current analyses indicate that tea garden soils possess a rich composition of diverse microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) of which the bacterial Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi and fungal Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota are the prominent groups. When optimized, these microbes' function in keeping garden soil ecosystems balanced by acting on nutrient cycling processes, biofertilizers, biocontrol of pests and pathogens, and bioremediation of persistent organic chemicals. Here, we summarize research on the activities of (tea garden) soil microorganisms as biofertilizers, biological control agents and as bioremediators to improve soil health and consequently, tea yield and quality, focusing mainly on bacterial and fungal members. Recent advances in molecular techniques that characterize the diverse microorganisms in tea gardens are examined. In terms of viruses there is a paucity of information regarding any beneficial functions of soil viruses in tea gardens, although in some instances insect pathogenic viruses have been used to control tea pests. The potential of soil microorganisms is reported here, as well as recent techniques used to study microbial diversity and their genetic manipulation, aimed at improving the yield and quality of tea plants for sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motunrayo Y. Jibola-Shittu
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiang Heng
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nemat O. Keyhani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuxiao Dang
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiya Chen
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Lin
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Lai
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Yang
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huajun Lv
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Pengxi Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenxing Qiu
- Fuzhou Technology and Business University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiayu Guan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junzhi Qiu
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Miao Y, To MH, Siddiqui MA, Wang H, Lodens S, Chopra SS, Kaur G, Roelants SLKW, Lin CSK. Sustainable biosurfactant production from secondary feedstock-recent advances, process optimization and perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1327113. [PMID: 38312346 PMCID: PMC10834756 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1327113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have garnered increased attention lately due to their superiority of their properties over fossil-derived counterparts. While the cost of production remains a significant hurdle to surpass synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have been anticipated to gain a larger market share in the coming decades. Among these, glycolipids, a type of low-molecular-weight biosurfactant, stand out for their efficacy in reducing surface and interfacial tension, which made them highly sought-after for various surfactant-related applications. Glycolipids are composed of hydrophilic carbohydrate moieties linked to hydrophobic fatty acid chains through ester bonds that mainly include rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids. This review highlights the current landscape of glycolipids and covers specific glycolipid productivity and the diverse range of products found in the global market. Applications such as bioremediation, food processing, petroleum refining, biomedical uses, and increasing agriculture output have been discussed. Additionally, the latest advancements in production cost reduction for glycolipid and the challenges of utilizing second-generation feedstocks for sustainable production are also thoroughly examined. Overall, this review proposes a balance between environmental advantages, economic viability, and societal benefits through the optimized integration of secondary feedstocks in biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Miao
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Ming Ho To
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmar Siddiqui
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
- Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Sofie Lodens
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shauhrat S Chopra
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie L K W Roelants
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
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Chen Y, Fu W, Xiao H, Zhai Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Huang J. A Review on Rhizosphere Microbiota of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis L): Recent Insights and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19165-19188. [PMID: 38019642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial colonization of the tea plant provides many beneficial functions for the host, But the factors that influence the composition of these rhizosphere microbes and their functions are still unknown. In order to explore the interaction between tea plants and rhizosphere microorganisms, we summarized the current studies. First, the review integrated the known rhizosphere microbial communities of tea tree, including bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Then, various factors affecting tea rhizosphere microorganisms were studied, including: endogenous factors, environmental factors, and agronomic practices. Finally, the functions of rhizosphere microorganisms were analyzed, including (a) promoting the growth and quality of tea trees, (b) alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, and (c) improving soil fertility. Finally, we highlight the gaps in knowledge of tea rhizosphere microorganisms and the future direction of development. In summary, understanding rhizosphere microbial interactions with tea plants is key to promoting the growth, development, and sustainable productivity of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuke Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 3100058, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 3100058, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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Jan F, Arshad H, Ahad M, Jamal A, Smith DL. In vitro assessment of Bacillus subtilis FJ3 affirms its biocontrol and plant growth promoting potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205894. [PMID: 37538061 PMCID: PMC10395516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species and their metabolites have potential alternative uses as chemical pesticides that can limit the growth of potential plant pathogens and enhance crop productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Bacillus subtilis FJ3 for promoting plant growth and controlling fungal plant pathogens. The study evaluated the ability of the strain to promote plant growth in vitro by characterizing its growth-promoting traits, which included the production of hydrolytic enzymes, indole acetic acid, siderophores, biofilm formation, and phosphate solubilization. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing revealed that strain FJ3 has the potential to produce lipopeptides such as fengycin, surfactin, mycosubtilin, and pilpastatin. Through in vitro antagonism testing it was demonstrated that strain FJ3 is able to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum by 52% compared to the untreated control and was antagonistic against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus oryzae using a dual method. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Bacillus crude extract resulted in a 92%, 90%, 81.5%, and 56% growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum, A. niger, A. flavus, and Rhizopus oryzae, respectively. In FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of crude LPs extract, the transmission and mass spectrum confirmed the existence of aforesaid lipopeptides containing β-fatty acids with chain lengths ranging from C14 to C21 in which the majority were saturated fatty acids. Greenhouse experimentation revealed that Bacillus strain FJ3 and its metabolites significantly diminished the disease incidence with an average reduction of 31.56%. In sterilized soil, FJ3 and its metabolites caused 24.01% and 10.46% growth promotion, respectively, in chickpea. The results demonstrated that Bacillus strain FJ3 has broad-spectrum antifungal and plant growth-promoting applications and could be a promising candidate for development into a commercialized biobased product for use in sustainable agriculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Jan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Hamza Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ahad
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Chopra A, Mongad D, Satpute S, Mazumder PB, Rahi P. Quorum sensing activities and genomic insights of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from Assam tea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:160. [PMID: 37067647 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of quorum sensing (QS) molecules is important for the effective colonization of host plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The current study aims at the isolation and characterization of tea rhizo bacteria, which produce the QS molecules, acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs), along with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. Thirty-one isolates were isolated from the tea rhizosphere, and screening for PGP activities resulted in the selection of isolates RTE1 and RTE4 with multiple PGP traits, inhibiting the growth of tea fungal pathogens. Both isolates also showed production of AHL molecules when screened using two biosensor strains, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Escherichia coli MT 102(jb132). The isolates identified as Burkholderia cepacia RTE1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RTE4 based on genome-based analysis like phylogeny, dDDH, and fastANI calculation. Detailed characterization of AHLs produced by the isolates using reverse-phase TLC, fluorometry, and LC-MS indicated that the isolate RTE1 produced a short chain, C8, and a long chain C12 AHL, while RTE4 produced short-chain AHLs C4 and C6. Confocal microscopy revealed the formation of thick biofilm by RTE1 and RTE4 (18 and 23 μm, respectively). Additionally, we found several genes involved in QS, and PGP, inducing systemic resistance (ISR) activities such as lasI/R, qscR, pqq, pvd, aldH, acdS, phz, Sod, rml, and Pch, and biosynthetic gene clusters like N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase, terpenes, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. Based on the functional traits like PGP, biofilm formation and production of AHL molecules, and genetic potential of the isolates B. cepacia RTE1 and P. aeruginosa RTE4 appear promising candidates to improve the health and growth of tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chopra
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Dattatray Mongad
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Surekha Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Praveen Rahi
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of Institut Pasteur (CRBIP), Paris, France.
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Nor FHM, Abdullah S, Ibrahim Z, Nor MHM, Osman MI, Al Farraj DA, AbdelGawwad MR, Kamyab H. Role of extremophilic Bacillus cereus KH1 and its lipopeptide in treatment of organic pollutant in wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:381-391. [PMID: 35779113 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An effective biosurfactant producer and extremophiles bacteria, Bacillus cereus KH1, was isolated from textile effluent and the biosurfactant was produced using molasses as the sole carbon source. Growth parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity and concentration of molasses were optimised for decolourising the textile effluent with 24-h incubation. The biosurfactant property of B. cereus KH1 was evaluated based on haemolytic activity, oil displacement technique, drop-collapsing test and emulsification index. The results of the produced biosurfactant showed a positive reaction in haemolytic activity, oil displacement technique, drop-collapsing test and exhibiting a 67% emulsification index. The cell-free broth was stable in 40 °C pH 7, 7% salinity and 7% molasses. Thin-Layer Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed that the biosurfactant was a lipopeptide with a yield 2.98 g L-1. These findings proved the synergistic action of B. cereus KH1 with lipopeptide biosurfactant may accelerated the decolourisation efficiency to 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhah Husna Mohd Nor
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shakila Abdullah
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hanif Md Nor
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Isa Osman
- Setia Impian Development, Peringgit Centre, Taman Peringgit Jaya, 75400, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ragab AbdelGawwad
- Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pierre E, Marcelo P, Croutte A, Dauvé M, Bouton S, Rippa S, Pageau K. Impact of Rhamnolipids (RLs), Natural Defense Elicitors, on Shoot and Root Proteomes of Brassica napus by a Tandem Mass Tags (TMTs) Labeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032390. [PMID: 36768708 PMCID: PMC9916879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapeseed crop is susceptible to many pathogens such as parasitic plants or fungi attacking aerial or root parts. Conventional plant protection products, used intensively in agriculture, have a negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. There is therefore a growing demand for the development of more planet-friendly alternative protection methods such as biocontrol compounds. Natural rhamnolipids (RLs) can be used as elicitors of plant defense mechanisms. These glycolipids, from bacteria secretome, are biodegradable, non-toxic and are known for their stimulating and protective effects, in particular on rapeseed against filamentous fungi. Characterizing the organ responsiveness to defense-stimulating compounds such as RLs is missing. This analysis is crucial in the frame of optimizing the effectiveness of RLs against various diseases. A Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) labeling of the proteins extracted from the shoots and roots of rapeseed has been performed and showed a differential pattern of protein abundance between them. Quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted the differential accumulation of parietal and cytoplasmic defense or stress proteins in response to RL treatments with a clear effect of the type of application (foliar spraying or root absorption). These results must be considered for further use of RLs to fight specific rapeseed pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pierre
- Unité Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UMRt 1158, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire & Analyses des Protéines ICAP, FR CNRS 3085 ICP, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire & Analyses des Protéines ICAP, FR CNRS 3085 ICP, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Antoine Croutte
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire & Analyses des Protéines ICAP, FR CNRS 3085 ICP, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Morgane Dauvé
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France
| | - Sophie Bouton
- Unité Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UMRt 1158, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Sonia Rippa
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (K.P.)
| | - Karine Pageau
- Unité Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UMRt 1158, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (K.P.)
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Sun S, Xue R, Liu M, Wang L, Zhang W. Research progress and hotspot analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms based on bibliometrics from 2012 to 2021. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1085387. [PMID: 36910227 PMCID: PMC9995608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1085387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms are important organisms for plant growth promotion and bio-control. To understand the research hot topics and frontier trends of rhizosphere microorganisms comprehensively and systematically, we collected 6,056 publications on rhizosphere microorganisms from Web of Science and performed a bibliometric analysis by CiteSpace 6.1.3 and R 5.3.1. The results showed that the total number of references issued in this field has been on the rise in the past decades. China, India, and Pakistan are the top three countries in terms of the number of articles issued, while Germany, the United States, and Spain were the countries with the highest number of co-published papers with other countries. The core research content in this field were the bio-control, bacterial community, ACC deaminase, phytoremediation, induced systematic resistance, and plant growth promotion. Seeding growth, Bacillus velezensis, plant-growth, and biological-control were currently and may be the highlights in the field of rhizosphere microorganisms research for a long time in the future. The above study results quantitatively, objectively, and scientifically described the research status and research focus of rhizosphere microorganisms from 2012 to 2021 from the perspective of referred papers, with a view to promoting in-depth research in this field and providing reference information for scholars in related fields to refine research trends and scientific issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangsheng Sun
- Engineering Center for Environmental DNA Technology and Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruipeng Xue
- Engineering Center for Environmental DNA Technology and Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- Engineering Center for Environmental DNA Technology and Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Engineering Center for Environmental DNA Technology and Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Engineering Center for Environmental DNA Technology and Aquatic Ecological Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Karamchandani BM, Pawar AA, Pawar SS, Syed S, Mone NS, Dalvi SG, Rahman PKSM, Banat IM, Satpute SK. Biosurfactants' multifarious functional potential for sustainable agricultural practices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1047279. [PMID: 36578512 PMCID: PMC9792099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1047279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing food demand by the ever-growing population imposes an extra burden on the agricultural and food industries. Chemical-based pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, and high-breeding crop varieties are typically employed to enhance crop productivity. Overexploitation of chemicals and their persistence in the environment, however, has detrimental effects on soil, water, and air which consequently disturb the food chain and the ecosystem. The lower aqueous solubility and higher hydrophobicity of agrochemicals, pesticides, metals, and hydrocarbons allow them to adhere to soil particles and, therefore, continue in the environment. Chemical pesticides, viz., organophosphate, organochlorine, and carbamate, are used regularly to protect agriculture produce. Hydrophobic pollutants strongly adhered to soil particles can be solubilized or desorbed through the usage of biosurfactant/s (BSs) or BS-producing and pesticide-degrading microorganisms. Among different types of BSs, rhamnolipids (RL), surfactin, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), and sophorolipids (SL) have been explored extensively due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against several phytopathogens. Different isoforms of lipopeptide, viz., iturin, fengycin, and surfactin, have also been reported against phytopathogens. The key role of BSs in designing and developing biopesticide formulations is to protect crops and our environment. Various functional properties such as wetting, spreading, penetration ability, and retention period are improved in surfactant-based formulations. This review emphasizes the use of diverse types of BSs and their source microorganisms to challenge phytopathogens. Extensive efforts seem to be focused on discovering the innovative antimicrobial potential of BSs to combat phytopathogens. We discussed the effectiveness of BSs in solubilizing pesticides to reduce their toxicity and contamination effects in the soil environment. Thus, we have shed some light on the use of BSs as an alternative to chemical pesticides and other agrochemicals as sparse literature discusses their interactions with pesticides. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle sustainability analysis (LCSA) quantifying their impact on human activities/interventions are also included. Nanoencapsulation of pesticide formulations is an innovative approach in minimizing pesticide doses and ultimately reducing their direct exposures to humans and animals. Some of the established big players and new entrants in the global BS market are providing promising solutions for agricultural practices. In conclusion, a better understanding of the role of BSs in pesticide solubilization and/or degradation by microorganisms represents a valuable approach to reducing their negative impact and maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameya A. Pawar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujit S. Pawar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Syed
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishigandha S. Mone
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil G. Dalvi
- Tissue Culture Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India
| | - Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman
- Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Surekha K. Satpute, ; Ibrahim M. Banat,
| | - Surekha K. Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India,*Correspondence: Surekha K. Satpute, ; Ibrahim M. Banat,
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Karamchandani BM, Maurya PA, Dalvi SG, Waghmode S, Sharma D, Rahman PKSM, Ghormade V, Satpute SK. Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant and Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Fungal Origin Chitosan Against Phytopathogens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:917105. [PMID: 36017342 PMCID: PMC9396382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.917105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogens pose severe implications in the quantity and quality of food production by instigating several diseases. Biocontrol strategies comprising the application of biomaterials have offered endless opportunities for sustainable agriculture. We explored multifarious potentials of rhamnolipid-BS (RH-BS: commercial), fungal chitosan (FCH), and FCH-derived nanoparticles (FCHNPs). The high-quality FCH was extracted from Cunninghamella echinulata NCIM 691 followed by the synthesis of FCHNPs. Both, FCH and FCHNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). The commercial chitosan (CH) and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) were used along with test compounds (FCH and FCHNPs). SEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the nanomaterials (CHNPs and FCHNPs). NTA provided high-resolution visual validation of particle size distribution for CHNPs (256.33 ± 18.80 nm) and FCHNPs (144.33 ± 10.20 nm). The antibacterial and antifungal assays conducted for RH-BS, FCH, and FCHNPs were supportive to propose their efficacies against phytopathogens. The lower MIC of RH-BS (256 μg/ml) was observed than that of FCH and FCHNPs (>1,024 μg/ml) against Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 5028, whereas a combination study of RH-BS with FCHNPs showed a reduction in MIC up to 128 and 4 μg/ml, respectively, indicating their synergistic activity. The other combination of RH-BS with FCH resulted in an additive effect reducing MIC up to 128 and 256 μg/ml, respectively. Microdilution plate assay conducted for three test compounds demonstrated inhibition of fungi, FI: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 191, FII: Fusarium moniliforme ITCC 4432, and FIII: Fusarium graminearum ITCC 5334 (at 0.015% and 0.020% concentration). Furthermore, potency of test compounds performed through the in vitro model (poisoned food technique) displayed dose-dependent (0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, and 0.020% w/v) antifungal activity. Moreover, RH-BS and FCHNPs inhibited spore germination (61–90%) of the same fungi. Our efforts toward utilizing the combination of RH-BS with FCHNPs are significant to develop eco-friendly, low cytotoxic formulations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya A. Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sunil G. Dalvi
- Tissue Culture Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil G. Dalvi, ; Surekha K. Satpute,
| | | | - Deepansh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman
- TeeGene and TARA Biologics, Life Science Accelerator, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Surekha K. Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil G. Dalvi, ; Surekha K. Satpute,
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12
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Itkina DL, Suleimanova AD, Sharipova MR. Isolation, Purification, and Identification of the Secretion Compound Pantoea brenneri AS3 with Fungicidal Activity. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382204007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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An Evaluation of Aluminum Tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa A7 for In Vivo Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Growth Promotion of Chickpea. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030568. [PMID: 35336143 PMCID: PMC8950562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, is a disease that decreases chickpea productivity and quality and can reduce its yield by as much as 15%. A newly isolated, moss rhizoid-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A7, demonstrated strong inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris growth. An in vitro antimicrobial assay revealed A7 to suppress the growth of several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by secreting secondary metabolites and by producing volatile compounds. In an in vivo pot experiment with Fusarium wilt infection in chickpea, the antagonist A7 exhibited a disease reduction by 77 ± 1.5%, and significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity indexes. Furthermore, A7 promoted chickpea growth in terms of root and shoot length and dry biomass during pot assay. The strain exhibited several traits associated with plant growth promotion, extracellular enzymatic production, and stress tolerance. Under aluminum stress conditions, in vitro growth of chickpea plants by A7 resulted in a significant increase in root length and plant biomass production. Additionally, hallmark genes for antibiotics production were identified in A7. The methanol extract of strain A7 demonstrated antimicrobial activity, leading to the identification of various antimicrobial compounds based on retention time and molecular weight. These findings strongly suggest that the strain’s significant biocontrol potential and plant growth enhancement could be a potential environmentally friendly process in agricultural crop production.
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14
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Production, characterization and growth inhibitory potential of metabolites produced by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Mishra N, Rana K, Seelam SD, Kumar R, Pandey V, Salimath BP, Agsar D. Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas Mediated Rhamnolipids Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:761266. [PMID: 34950641 PMCID: PMC8691732 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosurfactant producing bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNM50 based on molecular characterization (NCBI accession no. MK351591). Structural characterization using MALDI-TOF revealed the presence of 12 different congeners of rhamnolipid such as Rha-C8-C8:1, Rha-C10-C8:1, Rha-C10-C10, Rha-C10-C12:1, Rha-C16:1, Rha-C16, Rha-C17:1, Rha-Rha-C10:1-C10:1, Rha-Rha-C10-C12, Rha-Rha-C10-C8, Rha-Rha-C10-C8:1, and Rha-Rha-C8-C8. The radical scavenging activity of rhamnolipid (DNM50RL) was determined by 2, 3-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which showed an IC50 value of 101.8 μg/ ml. The cytotoxic activity was investigated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay which showed a very low IC50 of 0.05 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment. Further, its activity was confirmed by resazurin and trypan blue assay with IC50 values of 0.01 μg/ml and 0.64 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment, respectively. Thus, the DNM50RL would play a vital role in the treatment of breast cancer targeting inhibition of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
| | - Kavita Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Vijyendra Pandey
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Bharathi P Salimath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.,Sanorva Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Mysuru, India
| | - Dayanand Agsar
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
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16
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Kumar A, Singh SK, Kant C, Verma H, Kumar D, Singh PP, Modi A, Droby S, Kesawat MS, Alavilli H, Bhatia SK, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Chung SM, Kumar M. Microbial Biosurfactant: A New Frontier for Sustainable Agriculture and Pharmaceutical Industries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1472. [PMID: 34573103 PMCID: PMC8469275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of changing climatic conditions and the rising global population, there is an urgent need to explore novel, efficient, and economical natural products for the benefit of humankind. Biosurfactants are one of the latest explored microbial synthesized biomolecules that have been used in numerous fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food processing, and environment-cleaning industries, as a source of raw materials, for the lubrication, wetting, foaming, emulsions formulations, and as stabilizing dispersions. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants have shown to be a great advantage, distributing themselves into two immiscible surfaces by reducing the interfacial surface tension and increasing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, their eco-friendly nature, low or even no toxic nature, durability at higher temperatures, and ability to withstand a wide range of pH fluctuations make microbial surfactants preferable compared to their chemical counterparts. Additionally, biosurfactants can obviate the oxidation flow by eliciting antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and drug delivery systems, further broadening their applicability in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, biosurfactants have been broadly utilized to improve the soil quality by improving the concentration of trace elements and have either been mixed with pesticides or applied singly on the plant surfaces for plant disease management. In the present review, we summarize the latest research on microbial synthesized biosurfactant compounds, the limiting factors of biosurfactant production, their application in improving soil quality and plant disease management, and their use as antioxidant or antimicrobial compounds in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Chandra Kant
- Department of Botany, Dharma Samaj College, Aligarh 202001, India;
| | - Hariom Verma
- Department of Botany, B.R.D. Government Degree College, Sonbhadra, Duddhi 231218, India;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Prem Pratap Singh
- Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (S.K.S.); (D.K.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Arpan Modi
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Samir Droby
- Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Postharvest Science, Rishon Lezzion 50250, Israel; (A.K.); (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India;
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | | | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
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