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Ackermann YS, de Witt J, Mezzina MP, Schroth C, Polen T, Nikel PI, Wynands B, Wierckx N. Bio-upcycling of even and uneven medium-chain-length diols and dicarboxylates to polyhydroxyalkanoates using engineered Pseudomonas putida. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:54. [PMID: 38365718 PMCID: PMC10870600 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-upcycling of plastics is an emerging alternative process that focuses on extracting value from a wide range of plastic waste streams. Such streams are typically too contaminated to be effectively processed using traditional recycling technologies. Medium-chain-length (mcl) diols and dicarboxylates (DCA) are major products of chemically or enzymatically depolymerized plastics, such as polyesters or polyethers. In this study, we enabled the efficient metabolism of mcl-diols and -DCA in engineered Pseudomonas putida as a prerequisite for subsequent bio-upcycling. We identified the transcriptional regulator GcdR as target for enabling metabolism of uneven mcl-DCA such as pimelate, and uncovered amino acid substitutions that lead to an increased coupling between the heterologous β-oxidation of mcl-DCA and the native degradation of short-chain-length DCA. Adaptive laboratory evolution and subsequent reverse engineering unravelled two distinct pathways for mcl-diol metabolism in P. putida, namely via the hydroxy acid and subsequent native β-oxidation or via full oxidation to the dicarboxylic acid that is further metabolized by heterologous β-oxidation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from mcl-diols and -DCA by a single strain combining all required metabolic features. Overall, this study provides a powerful platform strain for the bio-upcycling of complex plastic hydrolysates to polyhydroxyalkanoates and leads the path for future yield optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic S Ackermann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mariela P Mezzina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Schroth
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tino Polen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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2
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Pang AP, Wang Y, Zhang T, Gao F, Shen JD, Huang L, Zhou J, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Highly efficient production of rhamnolipid in P. putida using a novel sacB-based system and mixed carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130220. [PMID: 38109979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a GRAS strain, has been used for synthesizing bulk and fine chemicals. However, the gene editing tool to metabolically engineer KT2440 showed low efficiency. In this study, a novel sacB-based system pK51mobsacB was established to improve the efficiency for marker-free gene disruption. Then the rhamnolipid synthetic pathway was introduced in KT2440 and genes of the competitive pathways were deleted to lower the metabolic burden based on pK51mobsacB. A series of endogenous and synthetic promoters were used for fine tuning rhlAB expression. The limited supply of dTDP-L-rhamnose was enhanced by heterologous rmlBDAC expression. Cell growth and rhamnolipid production were well balanced by using glucose/glycerol as mixed carbon sources. The final strain produced 3.64 g/L at shake-flask and 19.77 g/L rhamnolipid in a 5 L fermenter, the highest obtained among metabolically engineered KT2440, which implied the potential of KT2440 as a promising microbial cell factory for industrial rhamnolipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Pang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianggang Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu MD, Du Y, Koupaei SK, Kim NR, Fischer MS, Zhang W, Traxler MF. Surface-active antibiotic production as a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microorganisms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae022. [PMID: 38366029 PMCID: PMC11069360 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microorganisms. Although it is thought that fire-adapted microorganisms lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these organisms use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp. RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM, whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira D Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yongle Du
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Sara K Koupaei
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Nicole R Kim
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Monika S Fischer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Matthew F Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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4
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Lipphardt A, Karmainski T, Blank LM, Hayen H, Tiso T. Identification and quantification of biosurfactants produced by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis by hyphenated techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7067-7084. [PMID: 37819435 PMCID: PMC10684412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel biosurfactant was discovered to be synthesized by the marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis in 1992. This bacterium is abundant in marine environments affected by oil spills, where it helps to degrade alkanes and, under such conditions, produces a glycine-glucolipid biosurfactant. The biosurfactant enhances the bacterium's attachment to oil droplets and facilitates the uptake of hydrocarbons. Due to its useful properties expected, there is interest in the biotechnological production of this biosurfactant. To support this effort analytically, a method combining reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was developed, allowing the separation and identification of glycine-glucolipid congeners. Accurate mass, retention time, and characteristic fragmentation pattern were utilized for species assignment. In addition, charged-aerosol detection (CAD) was employed to enable absolute quantification without authentic standards. The methodology was used to investigate the glycine-glucolipid production by A. borkumensis SK2 using different carbon sources. Mass spectrometry allowed us to identify congeners with varying chain lengths (C6-C12) and degrees of unsaturation (0-1 double bonds) in the incorporated 3-hydroxy-alkanoic acids, some previously unknown. Quantification using CAD revealed that the titer was approximately twice as high when grown with hexadecane as with pyruvate (49 mg/L versus 22 mg/L). The main congener for both carbon sources was glc-40:0-gly, accounting for 64% with pyruvate and 85% with hexadecane as sole carbon source. With the here presented analytical suit, complex and varying glycolipids can be identified, characterized, and quantified, as here exemplarily shown for the interesting glycine-glucolipid of A. borkumensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipphardt
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Liu MD, Du Y, Koupaei SK, Kim NR, Zhang W, Traxler MF. Surface-active antibiotic production is a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microbes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553728. [PMID: 37645719 PMCID: PMC10462131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microbes. While it is thought that fire-adapted microbes lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these microbes use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp . RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia caledonica str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM , whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ in order to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments. Significance Statement Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity at a global scale. Microbes are the first colonizers of soil after fire events, but the adaptations that help these organisms survive in postfire environments are poorly understood. In this work, we show that a bacterium isolated from burned soil produces an unusual rhamnolipid biosurfactant that exhibits antimicrobial activity, enhances motility, and solubilizes potential nutrients derived from pyrolyzed organic matter. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that bacteria leverage specialized metabolites with multiple functions to meet the demands of life in postfire environments. Furthermore, this work reveals the potential of probing perturbed environments for the discovery of unique compounds and enzymes.
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6
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Finger M, Schröder E, Berg C, Dinger R, Büchs J. Toward standardized solid medium cultivations: Online microbial monitoring based on respiration activity. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200627. [PMID: 37183352 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating microorganisms on solid agar media is a fundamental technique in microbiology and other related disciplines. For the evaluation, most often, a subjective visual examination is performed. Crucial information, such as metabolic activity, is not assessed. Thus, time-resolved monitoring of the respiration activity in agar cultivations is presented to provide additional insightful data on the metabolism. A modified version of the Respiration Activity MOnitoring System (RAMOS) was used to determine area-specific oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates and the resulting respiratory quotients of agar cultivations. Therewith, information on growth, substrate consumption, and product formation was obtained. The validity of the presented method was tested for different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on agar, such as Escherichia coli BL21, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae WT, Pichia pastoris WT, and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30. Furthermore, it is showcased that several potential applications, including the determination of colony forming units, antibiotic diffusion tests, quality control for spore production or for pre-cultures and media optimization, can be quantitatively evaluated by interpretation of the respiration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Finger
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eliot Schröder
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Dinger
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Baccile N, Poirier A, Perez J, Pernot P, Hermida-Merino D, Le Griel P, Blesken CC, Müller C, Blank LM, Tiso T. Self-Assembly of Rhamnolipid Bioamphiphiles: Understanding the Structure-Property Relationship Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37379248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure-property relationship of rhamnolipids, RLs, well-known microbial bioamphiphiles (biosurfactants), is explored in detail by coupling cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and both ex situ and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The self-assembly of three RLs with reasoned variation of their molecular structure (RhaC10, RhaC10C10, and RhaRhaC10C10) and a rhamnose-free C10C10 fatty acid is studied in water as a function of pH. It is found that RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 form micelles in a broad pH range and RhaC10C10 undergoes a micelle-to-vesicle transition from basic to acid pH occurring at pH 6.5. Modeling coupled to fitting SAXS data allows a good estimation of the hydrophobic core radius (or length), the hydrophilic shell thickness, the aggregation number, and the surface area per RL. The essentially micellar morphology found for RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 and the micelle-to-vesicle transition found for RhaC10C10 are reasonably well explained by employing the packing parameter (PP) model, provided a good estimation of the surface area per RL. On the contrary, the PP model fails to explain the lamellar phase found for the protonated RhaRhaC10C10 at acidic pH. The lamellar phase can only be explained by values of the surface area per RL being counterintuitively small for a di-rhamnose group and folding of the C10C10 chain. These structural features are only possible for a change in the conformation of the di-rhamnose group between the alkaline and acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Poirier
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Javier Perez
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Petra Pernot
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrick Le Griel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian C Blesken
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Conrad Müller
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Kumar R, Barbhuiya RI, Bohra V, Wong JWC, Singh A, Kaur G. Sustainable rhamnolipids production in the next decade - Advancing with Burkholderia thailandensis as a potent biocatalytic strain. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127386. [PMID: 37094547 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are one of the most promising eco-friendly green glycolipids for bio-replacements of commercially available fossil fuel-based surfactants. However, the current industrial biotechnology practices cannot meet the required standards due to the low production yields, expensive biomass feedstocks, complicated processing, and opportunistic pathogenic nature of the conventional rhamnolipid producer strains. To overcome these problems, it has become important to realize non-pathogenic producer substitutes and high-yielding strategies supporting biomass-based production. We hereby review the inherent characteristics of Burkholderia thailandensis E264 which favor its competence towards such sustainable rhamnolipid biosynthesis. The underlying biosynthetic networks of this species have unveiled unique substrate specificity, carbon flux control and rhamnolipid congener profile. Acknowledging such desirable traits, the present review provides critical insights towards metabolism, regulation, upscaling, and applications of B. thailandensis rhamnolipids. Identification of their unique and naturally inducible physiology has proved to be beneficial for achieving previously unmet redox balance and metabolic flux requirements in rhamnolipids production. These developments in part are targeted by the strategic optimization of B. thailandensis valorizing low-cost substrates ranging from agro-industrial byproducts to next generation (waste) fractions. Accordingly, safer bioconversions can propel the industrial rhamnolipids in advanced biorefinery domains to promote circular economy, reduce carbon footprint and increased applicability as both social and environment friendly bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Kumar
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Varsha Bohra
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Institute of Bioresources and Agriculture and Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Guneet Kaur
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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9
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Eberz J, Doeker M, Ackermann YS, Schaffeld D, Wierckx N, Jupke A. Selective Separation of 4,4’-Methylenedianiline, Isophoronediamine and 2,4-Toluenediamine from Enzymatic Hydrolysis Solutions of Polyurethane. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2023.2193229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Eberz
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Doeker
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yannic S. Ackermann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schaffeld
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Shen ZY, Wang YF, Wang LJ, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Construction of exogenous methanol, formate, and betaine modules for methyl donor supply in methionine biosynthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1170491. [PMID: 37064240 PMCID: PMC10102461 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1170491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid that finds widespread applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. However, the complex and multibranched biosynthetic pathway of methionine has posed significant challenges to its efficient fermentation production. In this study, we employed a modularized synthetic biology strategy to improve the weakest branched pathway of methionine biosynthesis. Three exogenous modules were constructed and assembled to provide methyl donors, which are the primary limiting factors in methionine biosynthesis. The first module utilized added methanol, which was converted into 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for methionine production but was hindered by the toxicity of methanol. To circumvent this issue, a non-toxic formate module was constructed, resulting in a visible improvement in the methionine titer. Finally, an exogenous betaine module was constructed, which could directly deliver methyl to methionine. The final strain produced 2.87 g/L of methionine in a flask, representing a 20% increase over the starting strain. This study presents a novel strategy for improving and balancing other metabolites that are synthesized through complex multibranched pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yang Shen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Qiang Liu,
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Rhamnolipid Self-Aggregation in Aqueous Media: A Long Journey toward the Definition of Structure–Property Relationships. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065395. [PMID: 36982468 PMCID: PMC10048978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to protect human and environmental health and avoid the widespread use of substances obtained from nonrenewable sources is steering research toward the discovery and development of new molecules characterized by high biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to their very widespread use, a class of substances for which this need is particularly urgent is that of surfactants. In this respect, an attractive and promising alternative to commonly used synthetic surfactants is represented by so-called biosurfactants, amphiphiles naturally derived from microorganisms. One of the best-known families of biosurfactants is that of rhamnolipids, which are glycolipids with a headgroup formed by one or two rhamnose units. Great scientific and technological effort has been devoted to optimization of their production processes, as well as their physicochemical characterization. However, a conclusive structure–function relationship is far from being defined. In this review, we aim to move a step forward in this direction, by presenting a comprehensive and unified discussion of physicochemical properties of rhamnolipids as a function of solution conditions and rhamnolipid structure. We also discuss still unresolved issues that deserve further investigation in the future, to allow the replacement of conventional surfactants with rhamnolipids.
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12
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Miró-Vinyals B, Artigues M, Wostrikoff K, Monte E, Broto-Puig F, Leivar P, Planas A. Chloroplast engineering of the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the production of HAA, the lipid moiety of rhamnolipid biosurfactants. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:1-12. [PMID: 37004923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyalkanoyloxyalkanoates (HAA) are lipidic surfactants with a number of potential applications, but more remarkably, they are the biosynthetic precursors of rhamnolipids (RL), which are preferred biosurfactants thanks to their excellent physicochemical properties, biological activities, and environmental biodegradability. Because the natural highest producer of RLs is the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, important efforts have been dedicated to transfer production to heterologous non-pathogenic microorganisms. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are emerging as important hosts for sustainable industrial biotechnology due to their ability to transform CO2 efficiently into biomass and bioproducts of interest. Here, we have explored the potential of the eukaryotic green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a chassis to produce RLs. Chloroplast genome engineering allowed the stable functional expression of the gene encoding RhlA acyltransferase from P. aeruginosa, an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of two 3-hydroxyacyl acid intermediaries in the fatty acid synthase cycle, to produce HAA. Four congeners of varying chain lengths were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, including C10-C10 and C10-C8, and the less abundant C10-C12 and C10-C6 congeners. HAA was present in the intracellular fraction, but also showed increased accumulation in the extracellular medium. Moreover, HAA production was also observed under photoautotrophic conditions based on atmospheric CO2. These results establish that RhlA is active in the chloroplast and is able to produce a new pool of HAA in a eukaryotic host. Subsequent engineering of microalgal strains should contribute to the development of an alternative clean, safe and cost-effective platform for the sustainable production of RLs. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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13
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Parus A, Ciesielski T, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Ślachciński M, Owsianiak M, Ławniczak Ł, Loibner AP, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Basic principles for biosurfactant-assisted (bio)remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons - A critical evaluation of the performance of rhamnolipids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130171. [PMID: 36367467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that rhamnolipids are among the most studied biosurfactants, there are still several gaps which must be filled. The aim of this review is to emphasize and to indicate which issues should be taken into account in order to achieve efficient rhamnolipids-assisted biodegradation or phytoextraction of soils contaminated by heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons without harmful side effects. Four main topics have been elucidated in the review: effective concentration of rhamnolipids in soil, their potential phytotoxicity, susceptibility to biodegradation and interaction with soil microorganisms. The discussed elements are often closely associated and often overlap, thus making the interpretation of research results all the more challenging. Each dedicated section of this review includes a description of potential issues and questions, an explanation of the background and rationale for each problem, analysis of relevant literature reports and a short summary with possible application guidelines. The main conclusion is that there is a necessity to establish regulations regarding effective concentrations for rhamnolipids-assisted remediation of soil. The use of an improper concentration is the direct cause of all the other discussed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parus
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciesielski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak-Karczewska
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ślachciński
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Environmental and Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andreas P Loibner
- Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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de Witt J, Ernst P, Gätgens J, Noack S, Hiller D, Wynands B, Wierckx N. Characterization and engineering of branched short-chain dicarboxylate metabolism in Pseudomonas reveals resistance to fungal 2-hydroxyparaconate. Metab Eng 2023; 75:205-216. [PMID: 36581064 PMCID: PMC9875883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years branched short-chain dicarboxylates (BSCD) such as itaconic acid gained increasing interest in both medicine and biotechnology. Their use as building blocks for plastics urges for developing microbial upcycling strategies to provide sustainable end-of-life solutions. Furthermore, many BSCD exhibit anti-bacterial properties or exert immunomodulatory effects in macrophages, indicating a medical relevance for this group of molecules. For both of these applications, a detailed understanding of the microbial metabolism of these compounds is essential. In this study, the metabolic pathway of BSCD degradation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was studied in detail by heterologously transferring it to Pseudomonas putida. Heterologous expression of the PA0878-0886 itaconate metabolism gene cluster enabled P. putida KT2440 to metabolize itaconate, (S)- and (R)-methylsuccinate, (S)-citramalate, and mesaconate. The functions of the so far uncharacterized genes PA0879 and PA0881 were revealed and proven to extend the substrate range of the core degradation pathway. Furthermore, the uncharacterized gene PA0880 was discovered to encode a 2-hydroxyparaconate (2-HP) lactonase that catalyzes the cleavage of the itaconate derivative 2-HP to itatartarate. Interestingly, 2-HP was found to inhibit growth of the engineered P. putida on itaconate. All in all, this study extends the substrate range of P. putida to include BSCD for bio-upcycling of high-performance polymers, and also identifies 2-HP as promising candidate for anti-microbial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Ernst
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Davina Hiller
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Corresponding author.
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15
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Kossmann DF, Huang M, Weihmann R, Xiao X, Gätgens F, Weber TM, Brass HUC, Bitzenhofer NL, Ibrahim S, Bangert K, Rehling L, Mueller C, Tiso T, Blank LM, Drepper T, Jaeger KE, Grundler FMW, Pietruszka J, Schleker ASS, Loeschcke A. Production of tailored hydroxylated prodiginine showing combinatorial activity with rhamnolipids against plant-parasitic nematodes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151882. [PMID: 37200918 PMCID: PMC10187637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites exhibit diverse remarkable bioactivities and are thus the subject of study for different applications. Recently, the individual effectiveness of tripyrrolic prodiginines and rhamnolipids against the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii, which causes tremendous losses in crop plants, was described. Notably, rhamnolipid production in engineered Pseudomonas putida strains has already reached industrial implementation. However, the non-natural hydroxyl-decorated prodiginines, which are of particular interest in this study due to a previously described particularly good plant compatibility and low toxicity, are not as readily accessible. In the present study, a new effective hybrid synthetic route was established. This included the engineering of a novel P. putida strain to provide enhanced levels of a bipyrrole precursor and an optimization of mutasynthesis, i.e., the conversion of chemically synthesized and supplemented monopyrroles to tripyrrolic compounds. Subsequent semisynthesis provided the hydroxylated prodiginine. The prodiginines caused reduced infectiousness of H. schachtii for Arabidopsis thaliana plants resulting from impaired motility and stylet thrusting, providing the first insights on the mode of action in this context. Furthermore, the combined application with rhamnolipids was assessed for the first time and found to be more effective against nematode parasitism than the individual compounds. To obtain, for instance, 50% nematode control, it was sufficient to apply 7.8 μM hydroxylated prodiginine together with 0.7 μg/ml (~ 1.1 μM) di-rhamnolipids, which corresponded to ca. ¼ of the individual EC50 values. In summary, a hybrid synthetic route toward a hydroxylated prodiginine was established and its effects and combinatorial activity with rhamnolipids on plant-parasitic nematode H. schachtii are presented, demonstrating potential application as antinematodal agents. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. Kossmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Huang
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Weihmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - X. Xiao
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Gätgens
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - T. M. Weber
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - H. U. C. Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. L. Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - S. Ibrahim
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - K. Bangert
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - L. Rehling
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Mueller
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Tiso
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. M. Blank
- iAMB—Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt—Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - K.-E. Jaeger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - J. Pietruszka
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: J. Pietruszka,
| | - A. S. S. Schleker
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- A. S. S. Schleker,
| | - A. Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- A. Loeschcke,
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16
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Bujdoš D, Popelářová B, Volke DC, Nikel PI, Sonnenschein N, Dvořák P. Engineering of Pseudomonas putida for accelerated co-utilization of glucose and cellobiose yields aerobic overproduction of pyruvate explained by an upgraded metabolic model. Metab Eng 2023; 75:29-46. [PMID: 36343876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is an attractive bacterial host for biotechnological production of valuable chemicals from renewable lignocellulosic feedstocks as it can valorize lignin-derived aromatics or glucose obtainable from cellulose. P. putida EM42, a genome-reduced variant of strain KT2440 endowed with advantageous physiological properties, was recently engineered for growth on cellobiose, a major cellooligosaccharide product of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Co-utilization of cellobiose and glucose was achieved in a mutant lacking periplasmic glucose dehydrogenase Gcd (PP_1444). However, the cause of the co-utilization phenotype remained to be understood and the Δgcd strain had a significant growth defect. In this study, we investigated the basis of the simultaneous uptake of the two sugars and accelerated the growth of P. putida EM42 Δgcd mutant for the bioproduction of valuable compounds from glucose and cellobiose. We show that the gcd deletion lifted the inhibition of the exogenous β-glucosidase BglC from Thermobifida fusca exerted by the intermediates of the periplasmic glucose oxidation pathway. The additional deletion of hexR gene, which encodes a repressor of the upper glycolysis genes, failed to restore rapid growth on glucose. The reduced growth rate of the Δgcd mutant was partially compensated by the implantation of heterologous glucose and cellobiose transporters (Glf from Zymomonas mobilis and LacY from Escherichia coli, respectively). Remarkably, this intervention resulted in the accumulation of pyruvate in aerobic P. putida cultures. We demonstrated that the excess of this key metabolic intermediate can be redirected to the enhanced biosynthesis of ethanol and lactate. The pyruvate overproduction phenotype was then unveiled by an upgraded genome-scale metabolic model constrained with proteomic and kinetic data. The model pointed to the saturation of glucose catabolism enzymes due to unregulated substrate uptake and it predicted improved bioproduction of pyruvate-derived chemicals by the engineered strain. This work sheds light on the co-metabolism of cellulosic sugars in an attractive biotechnological host and introduces a novel strategy for pyruvate overproduction in bacterial cultures under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalimil Bujdoš
- Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology, Microbial Bioengineering Laboratory), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Popelářová
- Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology, Microbial Bioengineering Laboratory), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaus Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Department of Experimental Biology (Section of Microbiology, Microbial Bioengineering Laboratory), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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17
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Weihmann R, Kubicki S, Bitzenhofer NL, Domröse A, Bator I, Kirschen LM, Kofler F, Funk A, Tiso T, Blank LM, Jaeger KE, Drepper T, Thies S, Loeschcke A. The modular pYT vector series employed for chromosomal gene integration and expression to produce carbazoles and glycolipids in P. putida. FEMS MICROBES 2022; 4:xtac030. [PMID: 37333445 PMCID: PMC10117823 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of biosynthetic genes in bacterial hosts can enable access to high-value compounds, for which appropriate molecular genetic tools are essential. Therefore, we developed a toolbox of modular vectors, which facilitate chromosomal gene integration and expression in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. To this end, we designed an integrative sequence, allowing customisation regarding the modes of integration (random, at attTn7, or into the 16S rRNA gene), promoters, antibiotic resistance markers as well as fluorescent proteins and enzymes as transcription reporters. We thus established a toolbox of vectors carrying integrative sequences, designated as pYT series, of which we present 27 ready-to-use variants along with a set of strains equipped with unique 'landing pads' for directing a pYT interposon into one specific copy of the 16S rRNA gene. We used genes of the well-described violacein biosynthesis as reporter to showcase random Tn5-based chromosomal integration leading to constitutive expression and production of violacein and deoxyviolacein. Deoxyviolacein was likewise produced after gene integration into the 16S rRNA gene of rrn operons. Integration in the attTn7 site was used to characterise the suitability of different inducible promoters and successive strain development for the metabolically challenging production of mono-rhamnolipids. Finally, to establish arcyriaflavin A production in P. putida for the first time, we compared different integration and expression modes, revealing integration at attTn7 and expression with NagR/PnagAa to be most suitable. In summary, the new toolbox can be utilised for the rapid generation of various types of P. putida expression and production strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Weihmann
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kubicki
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nora Lisa Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Domröse
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Kirschen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Franziska Kofler
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Aileen Funk
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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18
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Qin R, Xu T, Jia X. Engineering Pseudomonas putida To Produce Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants for Promoting Phenanthrene Biodegradation by a Two-Species Microbial Consortium. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0091022. [PMID: 35730952 PMCID: PMC9431653 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00910-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic contaminants that pose a significant environmental hazard. Phenanthrene is one of the model compounds for the study of biodegradation of PAHs. However, the biodegradation of phenanthrene is often limited by its low water solubility and dissolution rate. To overcome this limitation, we engineered a strain of Pseudomonas putida to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants and thereby promote phenanthrene biodegradation by an engineered strain of Escherichia coli constructed previously in our lab. The E. coli-P. putida two-species consortium exhibited a synergistic effect of these two distinct organisms in degrading phenanthrene, resulting in an increase from 61.15 to 73.86% of the degradation ratio of 100 mg/L phenanthrene within 7 days. After additional optimization of the degradation conditions, the phenanthrene degradation ratio was improved to 85.73%. IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are recalcitrant, carcinogenic, and tend to bioaccumulate, are widespread and persistent environmental pollutants. Based on these characteristics, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has listed PAHs as priority contaminants. Although there are many methods to treat PAH pollution, these methods are mostly limited by the poor water solubility of PAHs, which is especially true for the biodegradation process. Recent evidence of PAH-contaminated sites suffering from increasingly severe impact has emerged. As a result, the need to degrade PAHs is becoming urgent. The significance of our study lies in the development of nonpathogenic strains of biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa for promoting the degradation of phenanthrene by engineered Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Qin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Kheradmand A, Negarestani M, Kazemi S, Shayesteh H, Javanshir S, Ghiasinejad H. Adsorption behavior of rhamnolipid modified magnetic Co/Al layered double hydroxide for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14623. [PMID: 36028532 PMCID: PMC9418191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, magnetic rhamnolipid-Co/Al layered double hydroxide (MR-LDH) was synthesized to uptake methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) from aqueous solution. The main parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial analyte concentration, were optimized to achieve the best adsorption efficiency. Accordingly, the elimination of MB on MR-LDH is improved in the basic medium due to the electrostatic interactions between the negative charge of MR-LDH and the positive charge of MB dye. In contrast, the acidic medium (pH = 3) was favored for RO16 adsorption because of hydrogen bonding between the protonated form of azo dye and protonated hydroxyl groups at the surface of MR-LDH. The calculated maximum adsorption capacities for MB and RO16 were 54.01 and 53.04 mg/g at 313 K, respectively. The Langmuir model, which assumes monolayer adsorption on the adsorbent surface, provides the best explanation for the adsorption of both dyes (R2 = 0.9991 for MB and R2 = 0.9969 for RO16). Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process for MB (R2 = 0.9970) and RO16 (R2 = 0.9941). The proposed adsorbent maintains stable adsorption performance for four consecutive cycles. After each adsorption process, MR-LDH is easily separated by an external magnet. The findings show that MR-LDH was found to be an excellent adsorbent for the removal of both cationic and anionic organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Kheradmand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Negarestani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Shayesteh
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Javanshir
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ghiasinejad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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The Glycine-Glucolipid of Alcanivorax borkumensis Is Resident to the Bacterial Cell Wall. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0112622. [PMID: 35938787 PMCID: PMC9397105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis produces a surface-active glycine-glucolipid during growth with long-chain alkanes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for absolute quantification. This method is based on the conversion of the glycine-glucolipid to phenacyl esters with subsequent measurement by HPLC with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Different molecular species were separated by HPLC and identified as glucosyl-tetra(3-hydroxy-acyl)-glycine with varying numbers of 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid or 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid groups via mass spectrometry. The growth rate of A. borkumensis cells with pyruvate as the sole carbon source was elevated compared to hexadecane as recorded by the increase in cell density as well as oxygen/carbon dioxide transfer rates. The amount of the glycine-glucolipid produced per cell during growth on hexadecane was higher compared with growth on pyruvate. The glycine-glucolipid from pyruvate-grown cells contained considerable amounts of 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid, in contrast to hexadecane-grown cells, which almost exclusively incorporated 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid into the glycine-glucolipid. The predominant proportion of the glycine-glucolipid was found in the cell pellet, while only minute amounts were present in the cell-free supernatant. The glycine-glucolipid isolated from the bacterial cell broth, cell pellet, or cell-free supernatant showed the same structure containing a glycine residue, in contrast to previous reports, which suggested that a glycine-free form of the glucolipid exists which is secreted into the supernatant. In conclusion, the glycine-glucolipid of A. borkumensis is resident to the cell wall and enables the bacterium to bind and solubilize alkanes at the lipid-water interface. IMPORTANCE Alcanivorax borkumensis is one of the most abundant marine bacteria found in areas of oil spills, where it degrades alkanes. The production of a glycine-glucolipid is considered an essential element for alkane degradation. We developed a quantitative method and determined the structure of the A. borkumensis glycine-glucolipid in different fractions of the cultures after growth in various media. Our results show that the amount of the glycine-glucolipid in the cells by far exceeds the amount measured in the supernatant, confirming the proposed cell wall localization. These results support the scenario that the surface hydrophobicity of A. borkumensis cells increases by producing the glycine-glucolipid, allowing the cells to attach to the alkane-water interface and form a biofilm. We found no evidence for a glycine-free form of the glucolipid.
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Blunt W, Blanchard C, Morley K. Effects of environmental parameters on microbial rhamnolipid biosynthesis and bioreactor strategies for enhanced productivity. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Johann S, Weichert FG, Schröer L, Stratemann L, Kämpfer C, Seiler TB, Heger S, Töpel A, Sassmann T, Pich A, Jakob F, Schwaneberg U, Stoffels P, Philipp M, Terfrüchte M, Loeschcke A, Schipper K, Feldbrügge M, Ihling N, Büchs J, Bator I, Tiso T, Blank LM, Roß-Nickoll M, Hollert H. A plea for the integration of Green Toxicology in sustainable bioeconomy strategies - Biosurfactants and microgel-based pesticide release systems as examples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127800. [PMID: 34865895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of the transformation of the economic sector towards a sustainable bioeconomy is the development of environmentally friendly alternatives for hitherto used chemicals, which have negative impacts on environmental health. However, the implementation of an ecotoxicological hazard assessment at early steps of product development to elaborate the most promising candidates of lowest harm is scarce in industry practice. The present article introduces the interdisciplinary proof-of-concept project GreenToxiConomy, which shows the successful application of a Green Toxicology strategy for biosurfactants and a novel microgel-based pesticide release system. Both groups are promising candidates for industrial and agricultural applications and the ecotoxicological characterization is yet missing important information. An iterative substance- and application-oriented bioassay battery for acute and mechanism-specific toxicity within aquatic and terrestrial model species is introduced for both potentially hazardous materials getting into contact with humans and ending up in the environment. By applying in silico QSAR-based models on genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, skin sensitization and acute toxicity to algae, daphnids and fish, individual biosurfactants resulted in deviating toxicity, suggesting a pre-ranking of the compounds. Experimental toxicity assessment will further complement the predicted toxicity to elaborate the most promising candidates in an efficient pre-screening of new substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Fabian G Weichert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Schröer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Stratemann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kämpfer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heger
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Töpel
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Sassmann
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Jakob
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Stoffels
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus Philipp
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Terfrüchte
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Microbiology, Department Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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23
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Tiso T, Winter B, Wei R, Hee J, de Witt J, Wierckx N, Quicker P, Bornscheuer UT, Bardow A, Nogales J, Blank LM. The metabolic potential of plastics as biotechnological carbon sources - Review and targets for the future. Metab Eng 2021; 71:77-98. [PMID: 34952231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plastic crisis requires drastic measures, especially for the plastics' end-of-life. Mixed plastic fractions are currently difficult to recycle, but microbial metabolism might open new pathways. With new technologies for degradation of plastics to oligo- and monomers, these carbon sources can be used in biotechnology for the upcycling of plastic waste to valuable products, such as bioplastics and biosurfactants. We briefly summarize well-known monomer degradation pathways and computed their theoretical yields for industrially interesting products. With this information in hand, we calculated replacement scenarios of existing fossil-based synthesis routes for the same products. Thereby, we highlight fossil-based products for which plastic monomers might be attractive alternative carbon sources. Notably, not the highest yield of product on substrate of the biochemical route, but rather the (in-)efficiency of the petrochemical routes (i.e., carbon, energy use) determines the potential of biochemical plastic upcycling. Our results might serve as a guide for future metabolic engineering efforts towards a sustainable plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Winter
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johann Hee
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Quicker
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK 10), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Biosurfactants: Opportunities for the development of a sustainable future. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Liu Y, Wang X, Ma L, Lü M, Zhang W, Lü C, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. Dehydrogenation Mechanism of Three Stereoisomers of Butane-2,3-Diol in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:728767. [PMID: 34513815 PMCID: PMC8427195 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.728767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a promising chassis of industrial biotechnology due to its metabolic versatility. Butane-2,3-diol (2,3-BDO) is a precursor of numerous value-added chemicals. It is also a microbial metabolite which widely exists in various habiting environments of P. putida KT2440. It was reported that P. putida KT2440 is able to use 2,3-BDO as a sole carbon source for growth. There are three stereoisomeric forms of 2,3-BDO: (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO, meso-2,3-BDO and (2S,3S)-2,3-BDO. However, whether P. putida KT2440 can utilize three stereoisomeric forms of 2,3-BDO has not been elucidated. Here, we revealed the genomic and enzymic basis of P. putida KT2440 for dehydrogenation of different stereoisomers of 2,3-BDO into acetoin, which will be channeled to central mechanism via acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system. (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO dehydrogenase (PP0552) was detailedly characterized and identified to participate in (2R,3R)-2,3-BDO and meso-2,3-BDO dehydrogenation. Two quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, PedE (PP2674) and PedH (PP2679), were confirmed to be responsible for (2S,3S)-2,3-BDO dehydrogenation. The function redundancy and inverse regulation of PedH and PedE by lanthanide availability provides a mechanism for the adaption of P. putida KT2440 to variable environmental conditions. Elucidation of the mechanism of 2,3-BDO catabolism in P. putida KT2440 would provide new insights for bioproduction of 2,3-BDO-derived chemicals based on this robust chassis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Demling P, Ankenbauer A, Klein B, Noack S, Tiso T, Takors R, Blank LM. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 endures temporary oxygen limitations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4735-4750. [PMID: 34506651 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The obligate aerobic nature of Pseudomonas putida, one of the most prominent whole-cell biocatalysts emerging for industrial bioprocesses, questions its ability to be cultivated in large-scale bioreactors, which exhibit zones of low dissolved oxygen tension. P. putida KT2440 was repeatedly subjected to temporary oxygen limitations in scale-down approaches to assess the effect on growth and an exemplary production of rhamnolipids. At those conditions, the growth and production of P. putida KT2440 were decelerated compared to well-aerated reference cultivations, but remarkably, final biomass and rhamnolipid titers were similar. The robust growth behavior was confirmed across different cultivation systems, media compositions, and laboratories, even when P. putida KT2440 was repeatedly exposed to dual carbon and oxygen starvation. Quantification of the nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP revealed a decrease of intracellular ATP concentrations with increasing duration of oxygen starvation, which can, however, be restored when re-supplied with oxygen. Only small changes in the proteome were detected when cells encountered oscillations in dissolved oxygen tensions. Concluding, P. putida KT2440 appears to be able to cope with repeated oxygen limitations as they occur in large-scale bioreactors, affirming its outstanding suitability as a whole-cell biocatalyst for industrial-scale bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Demling
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ankenbauer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bianca Klein
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Rational construction of genome-reduced Burkholderiales chassis facilitates efficient heterologous production of natural products from proteobacteria. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4347. [PMID: 34301933 PMCID: PMC8302735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) avails yield improvements and mining of natural products, but it is limited by lacking of more efficient Gram-negative chassis. The proteobacterium Schlegelella brevitalea DSM 7029 exhibits potential for heterologous BGC expression, but its cells undergo early autolysis, hindering further applications. Herein, we rationally construct DC and DT series genome-reduced S. brevitalea mutants by sequential deletions of endogenous BGCs and the nonessential genomic regions, respectively. The DC5 to DC7 mutants affect growth, while the DT series mutants show improved growth characteristics with alleviated cell autolysis. The yield improvements of six proteobacterial natural products and successful identification of chitinimides from Chitinimonas koreensis via heterologous expression in DT mutants demonstrate their superiority to wild-type DSM 7029 and two commonly used Gram-negative chassis Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Our study expands the panel of Gram-negative chassis and facilitates the discovery of natural products by heterologous expression.
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28
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Bongartz P, Bator I, Baitalow K, Keller R, Tiso T, Blank LM, Wessling M. A scalable bubble-free membrane aerator for biosurfactant production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3545-3558. [PMID: 34002856 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioeconomy is a paramount pillar in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Still, the industrialization of bioprocesses is limited by economical and technical obstacles. The synthesis of biosurfactants as advanced substitutes for crude-oil-based surfactants is often restrained by excessive foaming. We present the synergistic combination of simulations and experiments towards a reactor design of a submerged membrane module for the efficient bubble-free aeration of bioreactors. A digital twin of the combined bioreactor and membrane aeration module was created and the membrane arrangement was optimized in computational fluid dynamics studies with respect to fluid mixing. The optimized design was prototyped and tested in whole-cell biocatalysis to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants from sugars. Without any foam formation, the new design enables a considerable higher space-time yield compared to previous studies with membrane modules. The design approach of this study is of generic nature beyond rhamnolipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bongartz
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Baitalow
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Keller
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI Leibniz - Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
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Kłosowska-Chomiczewska IE, Kotewicz-Siudowska A, Artichowicz W, Macierzanka A, Głowacz-Różyńska A, Szumała P, Mędrzycka K, Hallmann E, Karpenko E, Jungnickel C. Towards Rational Biosurfactant Design-Predicting Solubilization in Rhamnolipid Solutions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030534. [PMID: 33498574 PMCID: PMC7864340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of micellar solubilization is dictated inter alia by the properties of the solubilizate, the type of surfactant, and environmental conditions of the process. We, therefore, hypothesized that using the descriptors of the aforementioned features we can predict the solubilization efficiency, expressed as molar solubilization ratio (MSR). In other words, we aimed at creating a model to find the optimal surfactant and environmental conditions in order to solubilize the substance of interest (oil, drug, etc.). We focused specifically on the solubilization in biosurfactant solutions. We collected data from literature covering the last 38 years and supplemented them with our experimental data for different biosurfactant preparations. Evolutionary algorithm (EA) and kernel support vector machines (KSVM) were used to create predictive relationships. The descriptors of biosurfactant (logPBS, measure of purity), solubilizate (logPsol, molecular volume), and descriptors of conditions of the measurement (T and pH) were used for modelling. We have shown that the MSR can be successfully predicted using EAs, with a mean R2
val of 0.773 ± 0.052. The parameters influencing the solubilization efficiency were ranked upon their significance. This represents the first attempt in literature to predict the MSR with the MSR calculator delivered as a result of our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E. Kłosowska-Chomiczewska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-347-1151
| | - Adrianna Kotewicz-Siudowska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Wojciech Artichowicz
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Adam Macierzanka
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Głowacz-Różyńska
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Patrycja Szumała
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Krystyna Mędrzycka
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Elżbieta Hallmann
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Elena Karpenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels InPOCC, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3a Naukova St., 79053 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Christian Jungnickel
- Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.M.); (A.G.-R.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (E.H.); (C.J.)
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Blesken CC, Strümpfler T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Uncoupling Foam Fractionation and Foam Adsorption for Enhanced Biosurfactant Synthesis and Recovery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122029. [PMID: 33353027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biosurfactants is often hampered by excessive foaming in the bioreactor, impacting system scale-up and downstream processing. Foam fractionation was proposed to tackle this challenge by combining in situ product removal with a pre-purification step. In previous studies, foam fractionation was coupled to bioreactor operation, hence it was operated at suboptimal parameters. Here, we use an external fractionation column to decouple biosurfactant production from foam fractionation, enabling continuous surfactant separation, which is especially suited for system scale-up. As a subsequent product recovery step, continuous foam adsorption was integrated into the process. The configuration is evaluated for rhamnolipid (RL) or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., RL precursor) production by recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Surfactant concentrations of 7.5 gRL/L and 2.0 gHAA/L were obtained in the fractionated foam. 4.7 g RLs and 2.8 g HAAs could be separated in the 2-stage recovery process within 36 h from a 2 L culture volume. With a culture volume scale-up to 9 L, 16 g RLs were adsorbed, and the space-time yield (STY) increased by 31% to 0.21 gRL/L·h. We demonstrate a well-performing process design for biosurfactant production and recovery as a contribution to a vital bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Blesken
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tessa Strümpfler
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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31
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Coupling an Electroactive Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with Bioelectrochemical Rhamnolipid Production. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121959. [PMID: 33322018 PMCID: PMC7763313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient supply of oxygen is a major bottleneck in industrial biotechnological synthesis. One example is the heterologous production of rhamnolipids using Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Typically, the synthesis is accompanied by strong foam formation in the reactor vessel hampering the process. It is caused by the extensive bubbling needed to sustain the high respirative oxygen demand in the presence of the produced surfactants. One way to reduce the oxygen requirement is to enable the cells to use the anode of a bioelectrochemical system (BES) as an alternative sink for their metabolically derived electrons. We here used a P. putida KT2440 strain that interacts with the anode using mediated extracellular electron transfer via intrinsically produced phenazines, to perform heterologous rhamnolipid production under oxygen limitation. The strain P. putida RL-PCA successfully produced 30.4 ± 4.7 mg/L mono-rhamnolipids together with 11.2 ± 0.8 mg/L of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in 500-mL benchtop BES reactors and 30.5 ± 0.5 mg/L rhamnolipids accompanied by 25.7 ± 8.0 mg/L PCA in electrode containing standard 1-L bioreactors. Hence, this study marks a first proof of concept to produce glycolipid surfactants in oxygen-limited BES with an industrially relevant strain.
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Blesken CC, Bator I, Eberlein C, Heipieper HJ, Tiso T, Blank LM. Genetic Cell-Surface Modification for Optimized Foam Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:572892. [PMID: 33195133 PMCID: PMC7658403 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are among the glycolipids that have been investigated intensively in the last decades, mostly produced by the facultative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using plant oils as carbon source and antifoam agent. Simplification of downstream processing is envisaged using hydrophilic carbon sources, such as glucose, employing recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for rhamnolipid or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., rhamnolipid precursors) production. However, during scale-up of the cultivation from shake flask to bioreactor, excessive foam formation hinders the use of standard fermentation protocols. In this study, the foam was guided from the reactor to a foam fractionation column to separate biosurfactants from medium and bacterial cells. Applying this integrated unit operation, the space-time yield (STY) for rhamnolipid synthesis could be increased by a factor of 2.8 (STY = 0.17 gRL/L·h) compared to the production in shake flasks. The accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface of the foam resulted in removal of whole-cell biocatalyst from the reactor with the strong consequence of reduced rhamnolipid production. To diminish the accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface, we deleted genes encoding cell-surface structures, focusing on hydrophobic proteins present on P. putida KT2440. Strains lacking, e.g., the flagellum, fimbriae, exopolysaccharides, and specific surface proteins, were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity and foam adsorption. Without flagellum or the large adhesion protein F (LapF), foam enrichment of these modified P. putida KT2440 was reduced by 23 and 51%, respectively. In a bioreactor cultivation of the non-motile strain with integrated rhamnolipid production genes, biomass enrichment in the foam was reduced by 46% compared to the reference strain. The intensification of rhamnolipid production from hydrophilic carbon sources presented here is an example for integrated strain and process engineering. This approach will become routine in the development of whole-cell catalysts for the envisaged bioeconomy. The results are discussed in the context of the importance of interacting strain and process engineering early in the development of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C. Blesken
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Wittgens A, Rosenau F. Heterologous Rhamnolipid Biosynthesis: Advantages, Challenges, and the Opportunity to Produce Tailor-Made Rhamnolipids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594010. [PMID: 33195161 PMCID: PMC7642724 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.594010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first heterologous expression of genes responsible for the production of rhamnolipids was already implemented in the mid-1990s during the functional identification of the rhlAB operon. This was the starting shot for multiple approaches to establish the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in different host organisms. Since most of the native rhamnolipid producing organisms are human or plant pathogens, the intention for these ventures was the establishment of non-pathogenic organisms as heterologous host for the production of rhamnolipids. The pathogenicity of producing organisms is one of the bottlenecks for applications of rhamnolipids in many industrial products especially foods and cosmetics. The further advantage of heterologous rhamnolipid production is the circumvention of the complex regulatory network, which regulates the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in wild type production strains. Furthermore, a suitable host with an optimal genetic background to provide sufficient amounts of educts allows the production of tailor-made rhamnolipids each with its specific physico-chemical properties depending on the contained numbers of rhamnose sugar residues and the numbers, chain length and saturation degree of 3-hydroxyfatty acids. The heterologous expression of rhl genes can also enable the utilization of unusual carbon sources for the production of rhamnolipids depending on the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wittgens
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bator I, Karmainski T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Killing Two Birds With One Stone - Strain Engineering Facilitates the Development of a Unique Rhamnolipid Production Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:899. [PMID: 32850747 PMCID: PMC7427536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-titer biosurfactant production in aerated fermenters using hydrophilic substrates is often hampered by excessive foaming. Ethanol has been shown to efficiently destabilize foam of rhamnolipids, a popular group of biosurfactants. To exploit this feature, we used ethanol as carbon source and defoamer, without introducing novel challenges for rhamnolipid purification. In detail, we engineered the non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for heterologous rhamnolipid production from ethanol. To obtain a strain with high growth rate on ethanol as sole carbon source at elevated ethanol concentrations, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed. Genome re-sequencing allowed to allocate the phenotypic changes to emerged mutations. Several genes were affected and differentially expressed including alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, potentially contributing to the increased growth rate on ethanol of 0.51 h-1 after ALE. Further, mutations in genes were found, which possibly led to increased ethanol tolerance. The engineered rhamnolipid producer was used in a fed-batch fermentation with automated ethanol addition over 23 h, which resulted in a 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoates and mono-rhamnolipids concentration of about 5 g L-1. The ethanol concomitantly served as carbon source and defoamer with the advantage of increased rhamnolipid and biomass production. In summary, we present a unique combination of strain and process engineering that facilitated the development of a stable fed-batch fermentation for rhamnolipid production, circumventing mechanical or chemical foam disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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