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Jędrzejczak E, Frąckowiak P, Sibillano T, Brendler E, Giannini C, Jesionowski T, Wysokowski M. Isolation and Structure Analysis of Chitin Obtained from Different Developmental Stages of the Mulberry Silkworm ( Bombyx mori). Molecules 2024; 29:1914. [PMID: 38731405 PMCID: PMC11084885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer, holds paramount scientific and economic significance. Historically, it has been primarily isolated from marine crustaceans. However, the surge in demand for chitin and the burgeoning interest in biopolymers have necessitated the exploration of alternative sources. Among these methods, the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) has emerged as a particularly intriguing prospect. To isolate chitin from Bombyx mori, a chemical extraction methodology was employed. This process involved a series of meticulously orchestrated steps, including Folch extraction, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolorization. The resultant chitin was subjected to comprehensive analysis utilizing techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The obtained results allow us to conclude that the Bombyx mori represents an attractive alternative source of α-chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Jędrzejczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Patrycja Frąckowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Brendler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lessingstr. 45, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Instituto Di Cristallografia-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (T.J.)
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2
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Rizzo G, Petrelli V, Sibillano T, De Caro L, Giangregorio MM, Lo Presti M, Omenetto FG, Giannini C, Mastrorilli P, Farinola GM. Raman, WAXS, and Solid-State NMR Characterizations of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Using Lanthanide Ions as Chaotropic Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24165-24175. [PMID: 37457447 PMCID: PMC10339335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) has been reported as a convenient natural material for regenerative medicine, optoelectronics, and many other technological applications. SF owes its unique features to the hierarchical organization of the fibers. Many efforts have been made to set up protocols for dissolution since many applications of SF are based on regenerated solutions and fibers, but chaotropic conditions required to disassemble the packing of the polymer afford solutions with poor crystalline behavior. Our previous research has disclosed a dissolution and regeneration process of highly crystalline fibers involving lanthanide ions as chaotropic agents, demonstrating that each lanthanide has its own unique interaction with SF. Herein, we report elucidation of the structure of Ln-SF fibers by the combined use of Raman spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and solid-state NMR techniques. Raman spectra confirmed the coordination of metal ions to SF, WAXS results highlighted the crystalline content of fibers, and solid-state NMR enabled the assessment of different ratios of secondary structures in the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Rizzo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Sibillano
- CNR
IC−Institute of Crystallography, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Liberato De Caro
- CNR
IC−Institute of Crystallography, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Giangregorio
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, c/o, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Presti
- Silklab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts
University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Silklab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts
University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- CNR
IC−Institute of Crystallography, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Silklab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts
University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4875, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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3
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Toprakcioglu Z, Wiita EG, Jayaram AK, Gregory RC, Knowles TPJ. Selenium Silk Nanostructured Films with Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10452-10463. [PMID: 36802477 PMCID: PMC9982822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and fungi poses a threat for healthcare worldwide. The development of novel effective small molecule therapeutic strategies in this space has remained challenging. Therefore, one orthogonal approach is to explore biomaterials with physical modes of action that have the potential to generate antimicrobial activity and, in some cases, even prevent antimicrobial resistance. Here, to this effect, we describe an approach for forming silk-based films that contain embedded selenium nanoparticles. We show that these materials exhibit both antibacterial and antifungal properties while crucially also remaining highly biocompatible and noncytotoxic toward mammalian cells. By incorporating the nanoparticles into silk films, the protein scaffold acts in a 2-fold manner; it protects the mammalian cells from the cytotoxic effects of the bare nanoparticles, while also providing a template for bacterial and fungal eradication. A range of hybrid inorganic/organic films were produced and an optimum concentration was found, which allowed for both high bacterial and fungal death while also exhibiting low mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Such films can thus pave the way for next-generation antimicrobial materials for applications such as wound healing and as agents against topical infections, with the added benefit that bacteria and fungi are unlikely to develop antimicrobial resistance to these hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth G. Wiita
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Akhila K. Jayaram
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Gregory
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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4
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Selective recovery of gold from discarded cell phones by silk fibroin from Bombyx mori. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cheng G, Wang X, Wu M, Wu S, Cheng L, Zhang X, Dai F. Insignificant Difference in Biocompatibility of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Prepared with Ternary Reagent Compared with Regenerated Silk Fibroin Prepared with Lithium Bromide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183903. [PMID: 36146047 PMCID: PMC9502819 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is widely used in the field of biomaterials due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, SF cannot be used directly in many applications and needs to be dissolved first. Lithium bromide (LiBr) is a traditional solvent which is usually used to dissolve SF. However, LiBr has several limitations, e.g., it is expensive, it is toxic to organisms, and it is environmentally unfriendly. Herein, we investigate the possibility of developing a ternary reagent system that is inexpensive, non-toxic to organisms, and environmentally friendly as an alternative for silk fibroin solubilization. The results confirm that regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) prepared using a ternary reagent has the same morphology and amino acid composition as that prepared using LiBr, but the RSF prepared using a ternary reagent still had a small amount of calcium residue even after long-term dialysis. Further research found that the residual calcium does not cause significant differences in the structure and biological performance of the RSF, such as its cytotoxicity, blood compatibility, and antibacterial properties. Therefore, we believe that ternary reagents are an ideal alternative solvent for dissolving SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture & Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Satoh R, Morinaga T, Sato T. Novel Dry Spinning Process of Natural Macromolecules for Sustainable Fiber Material -1- Proof of the Concept Using Silk Fibroin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124195. [PMID: 35744251 PMCID: PMC9228536 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Researchers around the world are developing technologies to minimize carbon dioxide emissions or carbon neutrality in various fields. In this study, the dry spinning of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was achieved as a proof of concept for a process using ionic liquids as dissolution aids and plasticizers in developing natural polymeric materials. A dry spinning equipment system combining a stainless-steel syringe and a brushless motor was built to generate fiber compacts from a dope of silk fibroin obtained by degumming silkworm silk cocoons and ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([HMIM][Cl]) according to a general method. The maximum stress and maximum elongation of the RSF fibers were 159.9 MPa and 31.5%, respectively. RSF fibers containing ionic liquids have a homogeneous internal structure according to morphological investigations. Elemental analysis of fiber cross sections revealed the homogeneous distribution of nonvolatile ionic liquid [HMIM][Cl] in RSF fibers. Furthermore, the removal of ionic liquids from RSF fibers through impregnation washing with organic solvents was verified to enhance industrial applications. Tensile testing showed that the fiber strength could be maintained even after removing the ionic liquid. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the organic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is chemically coordinated to silk fibroin and, as a natural polymer, can withstand heat up to 250 °C.
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7
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Rizzo G, Albano G, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Musio R, Omenetto FG, Farinola GM. Silk−Fibroin‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Ullmann Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Istituto di Cristallografia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC–CNR) Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC–CNR) Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Roberta Musio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
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8
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Rizzo G, Blasi D, Ragni R, Farinola GM. New insights in luminescent fluorinated transition metal compounds. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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