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Zago M, Esposito F, Stillavato S, Zaffagnini S, Frigo CA, Della Villa F. 3-Dimensional Biomechanics of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Male Professional Soccer Players. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1794-1803. [PMID: 38742580 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241248071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury causation in soccer has improved over the past decades. Bidimensional video analyses have significantly augmented our awareness, representing to date the only practical method to describe injury biomechanics. However, the extent of the problem continues to raise serious concerns. PURPOSE To advance our understanding of the causal pathways leading to ACL injury with a large-scale reconstruction of 3-dimensional (3D) whole-body joint kinematics of injuries that occurred to male elite soccer players, as well as to compare the joint angle time course among situational patterns. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS A total of 33 consecutive noncontact and indirect contact ACL injuries that occurred in 6 national and 2 international professional leagues (seasons 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 until December 2022) were analyzed: (1) multiview noncoaxial television images were inspected; (2) multiple camera views were taken from 400 ms before the initial ground contact to 200 ms after the injury frame; (3) a size-matched pitch was modeled and used to calibrate cameras; (4) a 3D skeletal model was adjusted to fit the player's pose in each frame/view; and (5) poses were interpolated, and Euler joint angles were extracted. RESULTS The authors reconstructed the 3D lower limb joint kinematic curves preceding and during ACL injuries in 33 cases; notably, a sudden external (up to 5°) and then internal knee rotation was observed after the initial contact and before the injury frame. The overall kinematics at injury were knee moderately flexed (45.9°± 21.7°), abducted (4.3°± 5.1°), and externally rotated (3.0°± 6.4°); trunk shallowly flexed (17.4°± 12.5°) and rotated and tilted toward the injured side; and hip flexed (32.0°± 18.7°), abducted (31.1°± 12.0°), and slightly internally rotated (6.6°± 12.2°). Variable behaviors were observed at the ankle level. CONCLUSION Via reconstruction of the sequence of whole-body joint motion leading to injury, we confirmed the accepted gross biomechanics (dynamic valgus trend). This study significantly enriches the current knowledge on multiplanar kinematic features (transverse and coronal plane rotations). Furthermore, it was shown that ACL injuries in male professional soccer players manifest through distinct biomechanical footprints related to the concurrent game situation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Interventions aimed at reducing ACL injuries in soccer should consider that environmental features (ie, situational patterns) affect injury mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Stillavato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Albino Frigo
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
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McClean ZJ, Pasanen K, Lun V, Charest J, Herzog W, Werthner P, Black A, Vleuten RV, Lacoste E, Jordan MJ. A Biopsychosocial Model for Understanding Training Load, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Sport Injury in University Athletes: A Scoping Review. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1177-1188. [PMID: 38781473 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT McClean, ZJ, Pasanen, K, Lun, V, Charest, J, Herzog, W, Werthner, P, Black, A, Vleuten, RV, Lacoste, E, and Jordan, MJ. A biopsychosocial model for understanding training load, fatigue, and musculoskeletal sport injury in university athletes: A scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1177-1188, 2024-The impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury on athlete health and performance has been studied extensively in youth sport and elite sport. Current research examining the relationship between training load, injury, and fatigue in university athletes is sparse. Furthermore, a range of contextual factors that influence the training load-fatigue-injury relationship exist, necessitating an integrative biopsychosocial model to address primary and secondary injury prevention research. The objectives of this review were (a) to review the scientific literature examining the relationship between training load, fatigue, and MSK injury in university athletes and (b) to use this review in conjunction with a transdisciplinary research team to identify biopsychosocial factors that influence MSK injury and develop an updated, holistic biopsychosocial model to inform injury prevention research and practice in university sport. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Key findings were an absence of injury surveillance methodology and contextual factors that can influence the training load-fatigue-MSK injury relationship. We highlight the inclusion of academic load, social load, and mental health load as key variables contributing to a multifactorial, gendered environmental, scientific inquiry on sport injury and reinjury in university sport. An integrative biopsychosocial model for MSK injury in university sport is presented that can be used to study the biological, psychological, and social factors that modulate injury and reinjury risk in university athletes. Finally, we provide an example of how causal inference can be used to maximize the utility of longitudinally collected observational data that is characteristic of sport performance research in university sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McClean
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor Lun
- Sport Medicine Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Charest
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; and
- Center for Sleep & Human Performance, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Penny Werthner
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reid Vander Vleuten
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elise Lacoste
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew J Jordan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Medicine Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Alimoradi M, Hosseini E, Sahebozamani M, Dos’Santos T, Sheikhbahaie S, Bigtashkhani R, Kabiri A. The effects of two different fatigue protocols on movement quality during anticipated and unanticipated change of directions in female soccer players. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302144. [PMID: 38776356 PMCID: PMC11111049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared neuromuscular control under two fatigue protocols during anticipated and unanticipated change of direction (COD) maneuvers and evaluated their effects on the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. METHOD Forty-five female soccer players (mean age: 22.22 ± 2.24 years; mean height: 166.24 ± 3.33 cm; mean mass: 59.84 ± 5.03 kg) were divided into three groups: functional fatigue (Soccer specific fatigue ptotocol-SOFT90), non-functional fatigue (Bruce protocol), and control group. Before and after the implementation of neuromuscular control fatigue protocols were evaluated using the cutting motion assessment score tool (CMAS). Two-dimensional (2D) videos were recorded during anticipated and unanticipated COD trials for both dominant and non-dominant legs. RESULTS Significant time effects (p < 0.05) and group-time interactions (p < 0.05) were observed in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions for both dominant and non-dominant legs after the fatigue protocols. The functional fatigue group exhibited higher CMAS changes, indicating poorer movement quality following fatigue. Notably, the non-dominant leg displayed amplified deficits during unanticipated COD maneuvers following the functional fatigue protocol. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue significantly impairs neuromuscular control, particularly in unanticipated COD situations, which increases the risk of non-contact ACL injuries. To mitigate this risk, coaches, trainers, and medical professionals should prioritize targeted training and injury prevention strategies, focusing on the non-dominant leg during unanticipated COD maneuvers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alimoradi
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansour Sahebozamani
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Thomas Dos’Santos
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shima Sheikhbahaie
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Bigtashkhani
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Kabiri
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Nardon M, Ferri U, Caffi G, Bartesaghi M, Perin C, Zaza A, Alessandro C. Kinematics but not kinetics alterations to single-leg drop jump movements following a subject-tailored fatiguing protocol suggest an increased risk of ACL injury. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1418598. [PMID: 38832309 PMCID: PMC11144872 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1418598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuromuscular fatigue causes a transient reduction of muscle force, and alters the mechanisms of motor control. Whether these alterations increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is still debated. Here we compare the biomechanics of single-leg drop jumps before and after the execution of a fatiguing exercise, evaluating whether this exercise causes biomechanical alterations typically associated with an increased risk of ACL lesion. The intensity of the fatiguing protocol was tailored to the aerobic capacity of each participant, minimizing potential differential effects due to inter-individual variability in fitness. Methods Twenty-four healthy male volunteers performed single leg drop jumps, before and after a single-set fatiguing session on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion (cadence: 65-70 revolutions per minute). For each participant, the intensity of the fatiguing exercise was set to 110% of the power achieved at their anaerobic threshold, previously identified by means of a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Joint angles and moments, as well as ground reaction forces (GRF) before and after the fatiguing exercise were compared for both the dominant and the non-dominant leg. Results Following the fatiguing exercise, the hip joint was more extended (landing: Δ=-2.17°, p = 0.005; propulsion: Δ=-1.83°, p = 0.032) and more abducted (landing: Δ=-0.72°, p = 0.01; propulsion: Δ=-1.12°, p = 0.009). Similarly, the knee joint was more extended at landing (non-dominant leg: Δ=-2.67°, p < 0.001; dominant: Δ=-1.4°, p = 0.023), and more abducted at propulsion (both legs: Δ=-0.99°, p < 0.001) and stabilization (both legs: Δ=-1.71°, p < 0.001) hence increasing knee valgus. Fatigue also caused a significant reduction of vertical GRF upon landing (Δ=-0.21 N/kg, p = 0.003), but not during propulsion. Fatigue did not affect joint moments significantly. Conclusion The increased hip and knee extension, as well as the increased knee abduction we observed after the execution of the fatiguing exercise have been previously identified as risk factors for ACL injury. These results therefore suggest an increased risk of ACL injury after the execution of the participant-tailored fatiguing protocol proposed here. However, the reduced vertical GRF upon landing and the preservation of joint moments are intriguing, as they may suggest the adoption of protective strategies in the fatigued condition to be evaluated in future studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nardon
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Ferri
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caffi
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartesaghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perin
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Zucchi - GDS, Carate Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | - Antonio Zaza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandro
- School of Medicine and Surgery/Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Inclan PM, Hicks JJ, Retzky JS, Janosky JJ, Pearle AD. Team Approach: Neuromuscular Training for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. JBJS Rev 2024; 12:e23.00207. [PMID: 38994007 PMCID: PMC11236273 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuromuscular training is a method of performance optimization-typically combining plyometrics, balancing training, agility, and dynamic stabilization-predicated on improving the efficiency of fundamental movement patterns. Neuromuscular training has consistently been shown to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury, particularly for athletes engaged in activities associated with noncontact knee injuries (i.e., women's soccer). Successful implementation of neuromuscular training programs requires input from coaches, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and physicians to generate efficacious programs with high rates of adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Inclan
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Justin J Hicks
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Julia S Retzky
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Joseph J Janosky
- Department of Athlete Health, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Andrew D Pearle
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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Raeder C, Kämper M, Praetorius A, Tennler JS, Schoepp C. Metabolic, cognitive and neuromuscular responses to different multidirectional agility-like sprint protocols in elite female soccer players - a randomised crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:64. [PMID: 38448940 PMCID: PMC10916312 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance to fatigue is a key factor in injury prevention that needs to be considered in return-to-sport (RTS) scenarios, especially after severe knee ligament injuries. Fatigue should be induced under game-like conditions. The SpeedCourt (SC) is a movement platform for assessing multidirectional sprint performance, typical of game-sports, due to change-of-direction movements in response to a visual stimulus. Designing adequate fatigue protocols requires the suitable arrangement of several loading variables such as number of intervals, sprint distance or work/relief ratio (W:R). Therefore, this study analysed the acute fatigue effects of different SC protocols on metabolic load, cognitive function and neuromuscular performance. METHODS Eighteen female soccer players (mean ± SD; age: 23.1 ± 4.6 years) of the 1st German Division participated in this randomised, crossover study. Using a random allocation sequence, players completed four volume-equated protocols differing in W:R and sprint distance per interval (P1:12 × 30 m, W:R = 1:2 s; P2:12 × 30 m, W:R = 1:3 s; P3:18 × 20 m, W:R = 1:2 s; P4:18 × 20 m, W:R = 1:3 s). Pre- and post-exercise, metabolic load was measured per blood lactate concentration (BLaC), cognitive function per reaction time (RT), and neuromuscular performance including multiple rebound jumps (MRJ height, primary outcome variable; Reactive Strength Index, RSI) and 5 m sprint times (SP5). RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main time effects (p < .05) with improved performance post-exercise in RT (504 vs. 482 ms, d = 1.95), MRJ height (24.0 vs. 24.8 cm, d = 0.77), RSI (1.39 vs. 1.43, d = 0.52), and SP5 (1.19 vs. 1.17 s, d = 0.56). There was significant main time (p < .001) and time x protocol interaction effects in BLaC (p < .001). P1 induced higher BLaC values (4.52 ± 1.83 mmol/L) compared to P2 (3.79 ± 1.83 mmol/L; d = 0.74) and P4 (3.12 ± 1.83 mmol/L; d = 1.06), whereas P3 (4.23 ± 1.69 mmol/L) elicited higher BLaC values compared to P4 (d = 0.74). CONCLUSION All protocols caused an improved cognitive function and neuromuscular performance. The former may be related to enhanced noradrenergic activation or exercise specificity which induced an improved stimulus processing. The latter may be explained by a possible post-activation performance enhancement effect on jump and sprint performance. A shorter relief duration in W:R as opposed to sprint distance per interval produced higher BLaC values. The protocols may serve as reference data for improved RTS decision-making in elite female soccer players. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS), No.: DRKS00033496 , Registered 19. Februar 2024, Retrospectively Registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Raeder
- Department of Arthroscopy Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Meike Kämper
- Women´s Soccer Department, MSV Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Praetorius
- Department of Arthroscopy Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Janina-Sophie Tennler
- Department of Arthroscopy Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schoepp
- Department of Arthroscopy Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Yona T, Kamel N, Cohen-Eick G, Ovadia I, Fischer A. One-dimension statistical parametric mapping in lower limb biomechanical analysis: A systematic scoping review. Gait Posture 2024; 109:133-146. [PMID: 38306782 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanics significantly impacts sports performance and injury prevention. Traditional methods like discrete point analysis simplify continuous kinetic and kinematic data, while one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (spm1d) evaluates entire movement curves. Nevertheless, spm1d's application in sports and injury research is limited. As no systematic review exists, we conducted a scoping systematic review, synthesizing the current applications of spm1d across various populations, activities, and injuries. This review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggesting areas for future research. RESEARCH QUESTION What research exists using spm1d in sports biomechanics, focusing on the lower limbs, in what populations, and what are the current research gaps? METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases for the following search string: "(((knee) OR (hip)) OR (ankle)) OR (foot) OR (feet) AND (statistical parametric mapping)". English peer-reviewed studies assessing lower limb kinetics or kinematics in different sports or sports-related injuries were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, and grey literature were excluded. RESULTS Our search yielded 165 papers published since 2012. Among these, 112 examined healthy individuals (67 %), and 53 focused on injured populations (33 %). Running (n = 45), cutting (n = 25), and jumping/landing (n = 18) were the most common activities. The predominant injuries were anterior cruciate ligament rupture (n = 21), chronic ankle instability (n = 18), and hip-related pain (n = 9). The main research gaps included the unbalanced populations, underrepresentation of common sports and sport-related injuries, gender inequality, a lack of studies in non-laboratory settings, a lack of studies on varied sports gear, and a lack of reporting standardization. SIGNIFICANCE This review spotlights crucial gaps in spm1d research within sports biomechanics. Key issues include a lack of studies beyond laboratory settings, underrepresentation of various sports and injuries, and gender disparities in research populations. Addressing these gaps can significantly enhance the application of spm1d in sports performance, injury analysis, and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Yona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Kamel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galya Cohen-Eick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Ovadia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arielle Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Bedo BLS, Catelli DS, Lamontagne M, Moraes R, Pereira DR, Graça JB, Santiago PRP. Fatigue modifies hip and knee kinematics during single- and double-leg dynamic tasks: An investigation with female handball players. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1964-1972. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L. S. Bedo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo S. Catelli
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Lamontagne
- Human Movement Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Renato Moraes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Rodrigues Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Julia Barachini Graça
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Bertozzi F, Rabello R, Zago M, Esposito F, Sforza C. Foot dominance and ball approach angle affect whole-body instep kick kinematics in soccer players. Sports Biomech 2022:1-21. [PMID: 35993147 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Past investigations provided limited information regarding instep kicking kinematics in soccer. It is unclear how foot dominance and ball approach angle impact whole-body kinematics and consequently the ball velocity. We aimed to analyse the effects of the ball approach angle and the foot used on the whole-body kinematics of soccer players performing an instep kick. Twenty-four soccer players performed maximal instep kicks, using the dominant and non-dominant feet, with the ball stationary or rolling from four different directions. Whole-body motion was recorded during the kicking action and kinematic time-series were extracted and resampled to 200 points equally divided into kicking and follow-through phases. 1-D statistical parametric mapping two-way ANOVA tested for the effect of ball condition and foot dominance. Ball approach angle affected most of the swinging and support limb variables and some upper body variables. Performance-related variables such as CoM, foot, and shank velocities were reduced when the ball approached posteriorly. The linear and angular velocities of the swinging limb, and CoM vertical position, were higher when kicking with dominant foot. Based on these findings, as a practical implication, coaches should vary ball approach angles and the foot used during kicking drills to improve technical effectiveness in various situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bertozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- E4Sport Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Rabello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Block AM, Eisenberg MT, Inclan PM, Nepple JJ. Treatment Trends in Meniscal Pathology in the Setting of Concomitant ACL Injuries in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: An Insurance Database Study. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2367-2373. [PMID: 35647786 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221098141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal pathology is commonly encountered in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and is increasingly common in the pediatric and adolescent population. Studies have shown that over half of individuals presenting with ACL rupture will have concurrent meniscal pathology. PURPOSE To define trends in the utilization of meniscal procedures (ie, meniscus repair vs partial meniscectomy) and short-term complications in pediatric and young adult patients with meniscal pathology in the setting of a concurrent ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS The IBM MarketScan Commercial Database was utilized to identify ACL reconstruction procedures performed between 2006 and 2018 for individuals aged 5 to 30 years. Annual proportions of meniscectomy and meniscal repair were analyzed, and short-term complications were compared between pediatric/adolescent patients (aged 5-17 years) and young adults (aged 18-30 years). RESULTS An overall 40,736 records of individuals <18 years old with ACL tears were included. The pediatric/adolescent population had a significantly lower proportion of concomitant meniscal procedures (56.8%; 23,149/40,736) than the young adult population (59.7%; 33,764/56,515; P < .01). From 2006 to 2018, utilization of meniscal repair in the setting of ACL reconstruction steadily increased (20.1% to 35.1% [+15 percentage points], P < .01), while the proportion with meniscectomy decreased (34.4% to 21.3% [-13.1 percentage points], P < .01). There was no difference in rate of reoperation for repeat meniscal repair or meniscectomy in the pediatric/adolescent population for those undergoing meniscal repair versus meniscectomy within 180 days of primary surgery (1.7% [188/10,766] vs 1.5% [186/12,383]; P = .14). CONCLUSION From 2006 to 2018, the proportion of patients receiving ACL reconstruction with concomitant meniscal repair increased (20.1% to 35.1%) while the proportion with meniscectomy decreased (34.4% to 21.3%) in the pediatric/adolescent population. Meniscal repair was not associated with a higher 180-day rate of reoperation for repeat meniscal repair or meniscectomy than meniscectomy in the setting of ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Block
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew T Eisenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul M Inclan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Nepple
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Gao C, Wang X, Zhang G, Huang L, Han M, Li B, Nassis GP, Li Y. Comparison of Physiological and Perceptional Responses to 5-m Forward, Forward-Backward, and Lateral Shuttle Running. Front Physiol 2022; 12:780699. [PMID: 35250602 PMCID: PMC8892136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and perceptional responses to forward, forward-backward, and lateral shuttle running. Methods Twenty-four eligible male subjects performed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test and three directional modes (i.e., forward, forward-backward, and lateral) of 5-m shuttle running at the speed of 6 km⋅h–1 for 5 min on separate days. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were continuously measured during the whole tests. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was inquired and recorded immediately after the test. Capillary blood samples were collected from the earlobe during the recovery to determine the peak value of blood lactate concentration ([La–]peak). Results Running directional mode had significant effects on HR (F = 72.761, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.760), %HRmax (F = 75.896, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.767), VO2 (F = 110.320, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.827), %VO2max (F = 108.883, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.826), [La–]peak (F = 55.529, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.707), and RPE (F = 26.268, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.533). All variables were significantly different between conditions (P ≤ 0.026), with the variables highest in lateral shuttle running and lowest in forward shuttle running. The effect sizes indicated large magnitude in the differences of all variables between conditions (ES = 0.86–2.83, large) except the difference of RPE between forward and forward-backward shuttle running (ES = 0.62, moderate). Conclusion These findings suggest that the physiological and perceptional responses in shuttle running at the same speed depend on the directional mode, with the responses highest in lateral shuttle running, and lowest in forward shuttle running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Gao
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Han
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - George P. Nassis
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongming Li,
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