1
|
Zujovic Z, Bowmaker GA. On the Structure and Role of Avian Eggshells: A 31P, 1H, and 13C Solid-State NMR Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38963614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The eggshell is a composite and highly ordered structure formed by biomineralization. Besides other functions, it has a vital and intricate role in the protection of an embryo from various potentially harsh environmental conditions. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) has been used for detailed structural investigations of the chicken, tinamou, and flamingo eggshell materials. 31P NMR spectra reveal that hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in the ratio 3:2 represent major constituents of phosphate species in the eggshells. All three eggshells exhibit similar spectra, except for the line widths, which implies different structural order of phosphate species in the chicken, tinamou, and flamingo eggshells. 1H NMR spectra for these materials are comparable, differentiating overlapped peaks in three spectral regions at around 7, 4-5, and 1-2 ppm. These spectral regions have been attributed to protons from NH or CaHCO3, water, and possibly isolated monomeric water molecules or hydroxyl groups in calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite. 1H-13C CP MAS NMR revealed the presence of organic matter in the form of lipids and proteins. Two overlapped resonances in the carbonyl region at around 173 and 169 ppm are assigned to the carbonyls of the peptide bonds and the bicarbonate unit in calcite, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of structural units detected in the NMR spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Zujovic
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12/5, 1100 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Graham A Bowmaker
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosaiah P, Yue D, Dayanidhi K, Ramachandran K, Vadivel P, Eusuff NS, Reddy VRM, Kim WK. Eggshells & Eggshell Membranes- A Sustainable Resource for energy storage and energy conversion applications: A critical review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 327:103144. [PMID: 38581720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
As the world strives to achieve a sustainable future, the exploration of alternative and renewable raw materials for energy storage and energy conversion has gained significant attention. A growing trend on "Waste to Energy" approach has attained prominence. Accordingly, chicken eggshells, a residual from poultry industry, have emerged as a promising candidate due to their abundant availability, low cost, and unique physical and chemical properties. This review article presents an overview of recent advancements in utilizing eggshell waste for energy storage and energy conversion applications. It discusses the transformation of eggshells usage into functional materials, along with their performance in various energy-related applications. The potential of eggshell-based materials in improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact is highlighted, providing insights into the future prospects of this sustainable resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rosaiah
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, PR China; Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India.
| | - Dewu Yue
- Information Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, PR China.
| | - Kalaivani Dayanidhi
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Velachery, Chennai 600042, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ramachandran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Vadapalani Campus, Chennai, 600026, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Porchezhiyan Vadivel
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Velachery, Chennai 600042, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noorjahan Sheik Eusuff
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Velachery, Chennai 600042, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng L, Zakaria BS, Zhang J, Dhar BR. Utilizing waste eggshells as a calcium precursor for contact precipitation of phosphorus from digested sludge centrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170906. [PMID: 38350578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater is an essential component of the global P cycle. A contact precipitation process using chicken eggshells as a calcium (Ca) precursor was used to recover P from synthetic wastewater and real digested sludge centrate. Up to 96.4 % of P could be recovered from the digested sludge centrate after three repeated cycles of the contact precipitation process. In addition, 36.1 % of total chemical oxygen demand and 37.6 % of total ammonia nitrogen were removed from the centrate. Finally, most of the precipitates could be collected by a simple washing step. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction results indicated that the eggshells played three roles in this process: Ca source, precipitation substrate, and filter medium. Precipitates were mainly brushite. This research provides a new perspective on P recovery from wastewater using waste eggshells, and if further optimized, has a potential for practical future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Basem S Zakaria
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley 94720, CA, United States
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piras S, Salathia S, Guzzini A, Zovi A, Jackson S, Smirnov A, Fragassa C, Santulli C. Biomimetic Use of Food-Waste Sources of Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate for Sustainable Materials-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:843. [PMID: 38399094 PMCID: PMC10890559 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Natural and renewable sources of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), also referred to as "biogenic" sources, are being increasingly investigated, as they are generated from a number of waste sources, in particular those from the food industry. The first and obvious application of biogenic calcium carbonate is in the production of cement, where CaCO3 represents the raw material for clinker. Overtime, other more added-value applications have been developed in the filling and modification of the properties of polymer composites, or in the development of biomaterials, where it is possible to transform calcium carbonate into calcium phosphate for the substitution of natural hydroxyapatite. In the majority of cases, the biological structure that is used for obtaining calcium carbonate is reduced to a powder, in which instance the granulometry distribution and the shape of the fragments represent a factor capable of influencing the effect of addition. As a result of this consideration, a number of studies also reflect on the specific characteristics of the different sources of the calcium carbonate obtained, while also referring to the species-dependent biological self-assembly process, which can be defined as a more "biomimetic" approach. In particular, a number of case studies are investigated in more depth, more specifically those involving snail shells, clam shells, mussel shells, oyster shells, eggshells, and cuttlefish bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Piras
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, Università di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Saniya Salathia
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (A.Z.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Guzzini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Section, Università di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Zovi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (A.Z.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefan Jackson
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (A.Z.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksei Smirnov
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (A.Z.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Cristiano Fragassa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carlo Santulli
- School of Science and Technology, Geology Section, Università di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han Y, Trakulmututa J, Amornsakchai T, Boonyuen S, Prigyai N, Smith SM. Eggshell-Derived Copper Calcium Hydroxy Double Salts and Their Activity for Treatment of Highly Polluted Wastewater. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46663-46675. [PMID: 38107953 PMCID: PMC10719995 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
By using methyl orange (MO) removal as a model reaction, the best temperatures for processing eggshells are 750 °C and above to obtain biobased CaO materials, a raw material for producing CuCa hydroxy double salt (HDS) materials with high efficiency in treatments of highly polluted wastewater (the initial concentration of MO is 500 ppm). Characterization techniques employed in this study include power X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and the colorimetric method, as well as energy-dispersive X-ray, infrared-, and electron spin resonance spectroscopies. Complete MO removal and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) efficiencies (>90%) can be achieved after 3 min treatments of the aqueous MO with the calcined eggshell-derived CuCa HDS materials. The spent, deactivated HDS materials can be regenerated by an acid wash method. The activity of CuCa HDS materials in MO removal is unaffected by eggshell sources, implying that sorting steps may be unnecessary when eggshell food waste (duck, quail, and hen eggshells) is collected to produce biobased CaO. The findings of this study demonstrated that eggshells can be used in place of limestone and could be a more sustainable, renewable, and cost-effective source for material development and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Han
- Natural
Resources and Waste Module, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Rajathewi 10400, Thailand
- Center
of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Trakulmututa
- Center
of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Taweechai Amornsakchai
- Natural
Resources and Waste Module, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Rajathewi 10400, Thailand
- Center
of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Supakorn Boonyuen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Paholyothin, Klong-Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nicha Prigyai
- Center
of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Meejoo Smith
- Natural
Resources and Waste Module, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Rajathewi 10400, Thailand
- Center
of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials and Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi X, Liang Q, Wang E, Jiang C, Zeng L, Chen R, Li J, Xu G, Zheng J. A Method to Reduce the Occurrence of Egg Translucency and Its Effect on Bacterial Invasion. Foods 2023; 12:2538. [PMID: 37444276 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Translucent egg consumption is low due to consumer acceptance and quality concerns, which is a problem that egg producers need to address. This study was performed to evaluate the reasons for the high occurrence of egg translucency in summer, as well as whether the addition of mono-dicalcium phosphate (MDCP) to the diet can relieve eggshell translucency and whether eggshell translucency is associated with the risk of bacterial invasion. A total of 72 laying hens that were 36 weeks old were randomly divided into control (CON) and MDCP groups and fed in the same environment. Results showed that the number of translucent eggs increases in July and August as the temperature and humidity increase. Compared with the CON group, in July, August, and October, the translucent egg grade (TEG) of the MDCP group was lower than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). TEG was correlated with mastoid space height (MSH), width (MSW), and area (MSA) (correlation coefficients 0.63, 0.59, and 0.68, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the invasion rate of E. coli between translucent and non-translucent egg groups (47.2% vs. 39.33%), and translucent area and non-translucent area (13.49% vs. 15.08%). In conclusion, our results show that dietary MDCP may alleviate eggshell translucency and that eggshell translucency would not increase the probability of E. coli cross-shell penetration rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianni Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Enling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caiyun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingsen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruochen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grzywa R, Łupicka-Słowik A, Sieńczyk M. IgYs: on her majesty's secret service. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199427. [PMID: 37377972 PMCID: PMC10291628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in using Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as an alternative to "classical" antimicrobials. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they can be utilized on a continual basis without leading to the development of resistance. The veterinary IgY antibody market is growing because of the demand for minimal antibiotic use in animal production. IgY antibodies are not as strong as antibiotics for treating infections, but they work well as preventative agents and are natural, nontoxic, and easy to produce. They can be administered orally and are well tolerated, even by young animals. Unlike antibiotics, oral IgY supplements support the microbiome that plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, including immune system function. IgY formulations can be delivered as egg yolk powder and do not require extensive purification. Lipids in IgY supplements improve antibody stability in the digestive tract. Given this, using IgY antibodies as an alternative to antimicrobials has garnered interest. In this review, we will examine their antibacterial potential.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zin MEE, Moolkaew P, Junyusen T, Sutapun W. Preparation of hybrid particles of Ag nanoparticles and eggshell calcium carbonate and their antimicrobial efficiency against beef-extracted bacteria. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221197. [PMID: 37234493 PMCID: PMC10206469 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hybrid particles of AgNPs-loaded eggshell calcium carbonate (AgNPs/eCaCO3) were prepared by co-precipitating the eggshell in the presence of freshly prepared AgNPs with a particle size of 10-30 nm. The hybrid particles were comparatively precipitated at 25°C and 35°C using poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) as a polyelectrolyte. The AgNPs/eCaCO3 particles prepared at 25°C had a spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 3.56 µm, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 85.08 m2 g-1. On the other hand, the particles prepared at 35°C had a broader size distribution with a mean diameter of 3.19 µm, and a BET surface area of 79.25 m2 g-1. AgNPs-loaded commercial calcium carbonate particles (AgNPs/CaCO3) comparatively prepared at 35°C were perfectly spherical with a mean diameter of 5.61 µm. At preparing temperature of 25°C, the hybrid particles contain AgNPs of 0.78 wt% for AgNPs/eCaCO3 and 3.20 wt% for AgNPs/CaCO3. The AgNPs/eCaCO3 and AgNPs/CaCO3 particles exhibited the same efficiency against bacteria extracted from beef with an average inhibition zone diameter of 7-10 mm according to the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay depending on their concentration and beef source. Freshly prepared silver colloids showed comparatively poorer antimicrobial efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ei Ei Zin
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Centre for Biocomposite Materials for Medical and Agricultural and Food Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Moolkaew
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tiraporn Junyusen
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Wimonlak Sutapun
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Centre for Biocomposite Materials for Medical and Agricultural and Food Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sowińska-Baranowska A, Maciejewska M. Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2988. [PMID: 37109824 PMCID: PMC10143961 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was application of ground eggshells in various amounts by weight as a biofiller for natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmiCl) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DmiBr), and silanes, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPTS), were used to increase the activity of ground eggshells in the elastomer matrix and to ameliorate the cure characteristics and properties of NR biocomposites. The influence of ground eggshells, CTAB, ILs, and silanes on the crosslink density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of NR vulcanizates and their resistance to prolonged thermo-oxidation were explored. The amount of eggshells affected the curing characteristics and crosslink density of the rubber composites and therefore their tensile properties. Vulcanizates filled with eggshells demonstrated higher crosslink density than the unfilled sample by approximately 30%, whereas CTAB and ILs increased the crosslink density by 40-60% compared to the benchmark. Owing to the enhanced crosslink density and uniform dispersion of ground eggshells, vulcanizates containing CTAB and ILs exhibited tensile strength improved by approximately 20% compared to those without these additives. Moreover, the hardness of these vulcanizates was increased by 35-42%. Application of both the biofiller and the tested additives did not significantly affect the thermal stability of cured NR compared to the unfilled benchmark. Most importantly, the eggshell-filled vulcanizates showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging compared to the unfilled NR.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chi Y, Lin M, Zuo D, Wang H, Chi Y. Eggshell waste separation process assisted with pressure-vacuum: Process conditions and optimization. J Food Sci 2023; 88:356-366. [PMID: 36533937 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eggshells and eggshell membranes have high-value recycling applications and have been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, and food research. The separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes is a prerequisite to efficiently using both. Therefore, the pressure-vacuum experiment equipment was designed. In this study, research on the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes from waste eggshells using the pressure-vacuum experiment equipment was carried out. The flash evaporation experiment process controlled the experimental factors to obtain a sufficient moisture content between the eggshell and eggshell membrane with vigorous flash evaporation. The effects of experimental factors such as superheat (5-10°C), temperature (50-70°C), initial pressure (0.6-0.8 MPa), pressurization time (0-40 min), and particle size (6-8 mm) on the separation rate were investigated in the pressure-vacuum experiment process. Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, it was found that the separation rate was most affected by changes in temperature, initial pressure, and particle size, followed by the interaction of temperature and particle size. The experimental results suggested that the optimum separation of eggshell membranes from eggshells was achieved at higher superheat, higher temperature, higher initial pressure, medium pressurization time, and smaller particle size. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes using the flash evaporation method were determined as 15°C of superheat, 70°C of temperature, 0.8 MPa of initial pressure, and 6 mm of particle size. Flash evaporation method is an effective and environmentally friendly method, which provides a new solution for the recycling of waste eggshells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, pressure-vacuum experiment equipment was utilized to reuse of waste eggshells, and an innovative and environmentally friendly method of eggshell membrane and eggshell separation was established. The pressure-vacuum experiment equipment has a simple structure and low energy consumption. The results of flash evaporation experiments are instructive for further in-depth studies on the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes. Furthermore, the separation of eggshells and egg membranes by flash evaporation is of great research value. Most importantly, the separated eggshells and eggshell membrane are available for high-value applications in food, chemical, and biological fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chi
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Chi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ecofriendly poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) microbeads for sanitary products. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1487-1495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Wang S, Jena U, Das KC. Long term performance of pilot methanogenic digester filled with seashell wastes treating slaughterhouse wastes: biogas production and environmental impact. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Ghahremani GG, Naimi DR. Imaging of eggshells and eggs in the gastrointestinal tract: pictorial essay. Clin Imaging 2022; 91:64-68. [PMID: 36029664 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of eggshell in its natural form or as ground and powdered product has become a popular means of dietary calcium supplementation in adults. These substances appear as conspicuous radiopaque material within the gastrointestinal tract on radiographs or computed tomography of the abdomen. The ingested eggshell fragments are usually visible as curvilinear structures on profile view, whereas the ground or powdered eggshells appear as granular densities. This article illustrates the spectrum of findings that are observed following eggshell ingestion by patients undergoing radiological evaluation for various unrelated medical conditions. Potential complications of eggshell consumption are discussed, and two cases of intra-rectal egg insertion for palliative relief of pelvic pain are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Ghahremani
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| | - David R Naimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, US Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, 200 Mercy Circle, Oceanside, CA 92055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Natural and Engineered Nanomaterials for the Identification of Heavy Metal Ions—A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152665. [PMID: 35957095 PMCID: PMC9370674 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been much interest in developing advanced and innovative approaches for sensing applications in various fields, including agriculture and environmental remediation. The development of novel sensors for detecting heavy metals using nanomaterials has emerged as a rapidly developing research area due to its high availability and sustainability. This review emphasized the naturally derived and engineered nanomaterials that have the potential to be applied as sensing reagents to interact with metal ions or as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize metallic nanoparticles for the detection of heavy metal ions. This review also focused on the recent advancement of nanotechnology-based detection methods using naturally derived and engineered materials, with a summary of their sensitivity and selectivity towards heavy metals. This review paper covers the pros and cons of sensing applications with recent research published from 2015 to 2022.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shang B, Wang S, Lu L, Ma H, Liu A, Zupanic A, Jiang L, Elnawawy AS, Yu Y. Poultry eggshell-derived antimicrobial materials: Current status and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115096. [PMID: 35462255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poultry eggs, the basic foodstuffs of human society, have been extensively consumed for domestic and industrial uses. A large amount of eggshell waste is generated and discarded every year, resulting in a waste of natural resources and a threat to the environment. In this context, the reutilization of eggshell waste has gained increasing attentions. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of many drug-resistant bacteria, which greatly endangers public health. Therefore, manufacturing new materials with strong antimicrobial activities has become the focus of many researchers. Recent studies have revealed that eggshells can be applied as solid substances, the raw materials for calcium oxide, and the calcium source for synthesizing hydroxyapatite or other materials with antimicrobial activities. Herein, the preparation methods, antibacterial mechanisms and the applications of these eggshell waste-derived antibacterial materials are summarized in this review. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoya Shang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqi Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Vecna Pot 111, Ljubljana, SI, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aml S Elnawawy
- Food Engineering and Packaging Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu L, Xiong H, Huang X, Guyonnet V, Ma M, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang L, Hu G. Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidant peptides from two sources of eggshell membrane hydrolysates showing cytoprotection against oxidative stress: A combined in silico and in vitro study. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
17
|
EIS Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of Steel Bars Embedded into Modified Concretes with Eggshell Contents. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This investigation is focused on evaluation of the corrosion behavior of embedded steel bars (SB) into concretes. Conventional and modified concretes with eggshell are prepared. Although the effect of calcium carbonate on mechanical behavior is recognized and reported, their effects as eggshell (ES) particles replacing portions of sand and cement contents are reasonably scarce. Corrosion behavior is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the potentiodynamic polarization technique. Equivalent circuit and porous electrode behavior are also considered. The novelty concerns a promising use of concrete with ES content to maintain corrosion resistance concatenated with reasonable structural properties. For this purpose, three distinct concrete mixtures are proposed, i.e., a reference and two modified concretes. One replaces 10 wt.% with cement and another 10 wt.% with sand content. It is found that porous electrode behavior helps to predict the corrosion mechanism. Finer ES particles in concrete mixture provides a rapidly passivation on rebar. This reflects positively in corrosion current density after long-term immersion. Additionally, an environmentally friendly aspect associated with economical factor constitutes a promise use of the concrete.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramakrishna S, Jose R. Addressing sustainability gaps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151208. [PMID: 34715226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Widespread industrialization, rapid urbanization, and massive transport through land, waters, and air have led to catastrophes such as climate change, water pollution, resource limitation, and pandemics causing severe economic consequences, massive influences on the natural environment and pose a great threat to the life sustainability. Sustainability topic has a long history, and many policies and initiatives are in effect for a sustainable planet Earth, still gaps of varying degrees exist in almost all sectors. This article addresses the essentiality of minimising the sustainability gaps exist in diverse realms of life and citing few examples. Creating a cyclic path for production-consumption process in the economic sector through promoting circular economy, learning from the natural processes through appropriate biomimicking, and knowledge-integration from diverse disciplines and emphasizing sustainability in the educational sector are shown to lower the sustainability gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Rajan Jose
- Center for Advanced Intelligent Materials, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|