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Xu C. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout strategies for enhancing immunotherapy in breast cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03208-2. [PMID: 38907847 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a prevalent disease with significant mortality rates, often presents treatment challenges due to its complex genetic makeup. This review explores the potential of combining Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene knockout strategies with immunotherapeutic approaches to enhance breast cancer treatment. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, renowned for its precision in inducing genetic alterations, can target and eliminate specific cancer cells, thereby minimizing off-target effects. Concurrently, immunotherapy, which leverages the immune system's power to combat cancer, has shown promise in treating breast cancer. By integrating these two strategies, we can potentially augment the effectiveness of immunotherapies by knocking out genes that enable cancer cells to evade the immune system. However, safety considerations, such as off-target effects and immune responses, necessitate careful evaluation. Current research endeavors aim to optimize these strategies and ascertain the most effective methods to stimulate the immune response. This review provides novel insights into the integration of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout strategies and immunotherapy, a promising avenue that could revolutionize breast cancer treatment as our understanding of the immune system's interplay with cancer deepens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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2
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Sánchez D, Cesarman-Maus G, Romero L, Sánchez-Verin R, Vail D, Guadarrama M, Pelayo R, Sarmiento-Silva RE, Lizano M. The NDV-MLS as an Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: Proof of Concept in Female Companion Dogs with Spontaneous Mammary Cancer. Viruses 2024; 16:372. [PMID: 38543739 PMCID: PMC10974497 DOI: 10.3390/v16030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes negatively impacts the response to chemotherapy and prognosis in all subtypes of breast cancer. Therapies that stimulate a proinflammatory environment may help improve the response to standard treatments and also to immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) shows oncolytic activity, as well as immune modulating potential, in the treatment of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo; however, its potential to enhance tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer has yet to be evaluated. Since spontaneous canine mammary tumors represent a translational model of human breast cancer, we conducted this proof-of-concept study, which could provide a rationale for further investigating NDV-MLS as immunotherapy for mammary cancer. Six female companion dogs with spontaneous mammary cancer received a single intravenous and intratumoral injection of oncolytic NDV-MLS. Immune cell infiltrates were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry in the stromal, intratumoral, and peritumoral compartments on day 6 after viral administration. Increasing numbers of immune cells were documented post-viral treatment, mainly in the peritumoral compartment, where plasma cells and CD3+ and CD3-/CD79- lymphocytes predominated. Viral administration was well tolerated, with no significant adverse events. These findings support additional research on the use of NDV-MLS immunotherapy for mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- NorthStar VETS, Veterinary Emergency Trauma & Specialty Centers, Robbinsville, NJ 08691, USA
| | - Gabriela Cesarman-Maus
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura Romero
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (M.G.)
| | | | - David Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Marina Guadarrama
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Unidad de Educación e Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Sarmiento-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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3
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Bigham A, Taheriazam A, Saghari Y, Mirzaei S, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Karimi-Maleh H, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Sharifi E, Ertas YN, Rabiee N, Sethi G, Shen M. (Nano)platforms in breast cancer therapy: Drug/gene delivery, advanced nanocarriers and immunotherapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2115-2176. [PMID: 37165896 DOI: 10.1002/med.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most malignant tumor in women, and there is no absolute cure for it. Although treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are utilized for breast cancer, it is still a life-threatening disease for humans. Nanomedicine has provided a new opportunity in breast cancer treatment, which is the focus of the current study. The nanocarriers deliver chemotherapeutic agents and natural products, both of which increase cytotoxicity against breast tumor cells and prevent the development of drug resistance. The efficacy of gene therapy is boosted by nanoparticles and the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, Noncoding RNAs, and RNAi, promoting their potential for gene expression regulation. The drug and gene codelivery by nanoparticles can exert a synergistic impact on breast tumors and enhance cellular uptake via endocytosis. Nanostructures are able to induce photothermal and photodynamic therapy for breast tumor ablation via cell death induction. The nanoparticles can provide tumor microenvironment remodeling and repolarization of macrophages for antitumor immunity. The stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, including pH-, redox-, and light-sensitive, can mediate targeted suppression of breast tumors. Besides, nanoparticles can provide a diagnosis of breast cancer and detect biomarkers. Various kinds of nanoparticles have been employed for breast cancer therapy, including carbon-, lipid-, polymeric- and metal-based nanostructures, which are different in terms of biocompatibility and delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Saghari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
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4
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Khan MS, Gowda BHJ, Nasir N, Wahab S, Pichika MR, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Advancements in dextran-based nanocarriers for treatment and imaging of breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123276. [PMID: 37516217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer worldwide,particularly among women, with substantial side effects after therapy. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic approaches, particularly chemotherapy, the survival rates for breast cancer have declined over time. The therapies currently utilized for breast cancer treatment do not specifically target cancerous cells, resulting in significant adverse effects and potential harm to healthy cells alongside the cancer cells. As a result, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged. Among various types of nanoparticles, natural polysaccharide-based nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their ability to precisely control the drug release and achieve targeted drug delivery. Moreover, polysaccharides are biocompatible, biodegradable, easily modifiable, and renewable, which makes them a unique material for nanoformulation. In recent years, dextran and its derivatives have gained much interest in the field of breast cancer therapy. Dextran is a hydrophilic polysaccharide composed of a main chain formed by α-1,6 linked glucopyranoside residues and a side chain composed of residues linked in α-1,2/3/4 positions. Different dextran-antitumor medication conjugates enhancethe efficacy of anticancer agents. With this context, the present review provides brief insights into dextran and its modification. Further, it meticulously discusses the role of dextran-based nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy and imaging, followed by snippets on their toxicity. Lastly, it presents clinical trials and future perspectives of dextran-based nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sameer Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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5
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Ye F, Dewanjee S, Li Y, Jha NK, Chen ZS, Kumar A, Vishakha, Behl T, Jha SK, Tang H. Advancements in clinical aspects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:105. [PMID: 37415164 PMCID: PMC10324146 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management. However, recent advances in molecular biology and immunology enable to develop highly targeted therapies for many forms of breast cancer. The primary objective of targeted therapy is to inhibit a specific target/molecule that supports tumor progression. Ak strain transforming, cyclin-dependent kinases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and different growth factors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for specific breast cancer subtypes. Many targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some have already received the FDA approval as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, the targeted drugs have yet to achieve therapeutic promise against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this aspect, immune therapy has come up as a promising therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Different immunotherapeutic modalities including immune-checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer have been extensively studied in the clinical setting of breast cancer, especially in TNBC patients. The FDA has already approved some immune-checkpoint blockers in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat TNBC and several trials are ongoing. This review provides an overview of clinical developments and recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for breast cancer treatment. The successes, challenges, and prospects were critically discussed to portray their profound prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Jiao Z, Pan Y, Chen F. The Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:349-369. [PMID: 36991275 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor globally as of 2020 and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among female individuals worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is well recognized as a hallmark of malignancy owing to the rewiring of multiple biological processes, notably, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, as well as lipid metabolism, which support the demands for the relentless growth of tumor cells and allows distant metastasis of cancer cells. Breast cancer cells are well documented to reprogram their metabolism via mutations or inactivation of intrinsic factors such as c-Myc, TP53, hypoxia-inducible factor, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway or crosstalk with the surrounding tumor microenvironments, including hypoxia, extracellular acidification and interaction with immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and adipocytes. Furthermore, altered metabolism contributes to acquired or inherent therapeutic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the metabolic plasticity underlying breast cancer progression as well as to dictate metabolic reprogramming that accounts for the resistance to standard of care. This review aims to illustrate the altered metabolism in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, as well as metabolic interventions in breast cancer treatment, with the intention to provide strategies for developing novel therapeutic treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Jiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.
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7
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Meškytė EM, Pezzè L, Bartolomei L, Forcato M, Bocci IA, Bertalot G, Barbareschi M, Oliveira-Ferrer L, Bisio A, Bicciato S, Baltriukienė D, Ciribilli Y. ETV7 reduces inflammatory responses in breast cancer cells by repressing the TNFR1/NF-κB axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:263. [PMID: 37041130 PMCID: PMC10089821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ETV7 is an oncoprotein that is up-regulated in all breast cancer (BC) types. We have recently demonstrated that ETV7 promoted breast cancer progression by increasing cancer cell proliferation and stemness and was also involved in the development of chemo- and radio-resistance. However, the roles of ETV7 in breast cancer inflammation have yet to be studied. Gene ontology analysis previously performed on BC cells stably over-expressing ETV7 demonstrated that ETV7 was involved in the suppression of innate immune and inflammatory responses. To better decipher the involvement of ETV7 in these signaling pathways, in this study, we identified TNFRSF1A, encoding for the main receptor of TNF-α, TNFR1, as one of the genes down-regulated by ETV7. We demonstrated that ETV7 directly binds to the intron I of this gene, and we showed that the ETV7-mediated down-regulation of TNFRSF1A reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, in this study, we unveiled a potential crosstalk between ETV7 and STAT3, another master regulator of inflammation. While it is known that STAT3 directly up-regulates the expression of TNFRSF1A, here we demonstrated that ETV7 reduces the ability of STAT3 to bind to the TNFRSF1A gene via a competitive mechanism, recruiting repressive chromatin remodelers, which results in the repression of its transcription. The inverse correlation between ETV7 and TNFRSF1A was confirmed also in different cohorts of BC patients. These results suggest that ETV7 can reduce the inflammatory responses in breast cancer through the down-regulation of TNFRSF1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Marija Meškytė
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Pezzè
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Alia Therapeutics, s.r.l., Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Bartolomei
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Adelaide Bocci
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Unità Operativa Multizonale di Anatomia Patologica, APSS, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbareschi
- Unità Operativa Multizonale di Anatomia Patologica, APSS, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daiva Baltriukienė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Javid H, Attarian F, Saadatmand T, Rezagholinejad N, Mehri A, Amiri H, Karimi-Shahri M. The therapeutic potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: Rational strategies and recent progress. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:477-494. [PMID: 36966454 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide is breast cancer (BC), and despite significant advances in BC therapies, a significant proportion of patients develop metastasis and disease recurrence. Currently used treatments, like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, result in poor responses and high recurrence rates. Alternative therapies are therefore needed for this type of cancer. Cancer patients may benefit from immunotherapy, a novel treatment strategy in cancer treatment. Even though immunotherapy has been successful in many cases, some patients do not respond to the treatment or those who do respond relapse or progress. The purpose of this review is to discuss several different immunotherapy approaches approved for the treatment of BC, as well as different strategies for immunotherapy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Attarian
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mehri
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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9
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NSC243928 Treatment Induces Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Mouse Mammary Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051468. [PMID: 36900259 PMCID: PMC10000927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NSC243928 induces cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cells in a LY6K-dependent manner. NSC243928 has been reported as an anti-cancer agent in the NCI small molecule library. The molecular mechanism of NSC243928 as an anti-cancer agent in the treatment of tumor growth in the syngeneic mouse model has not been established. With the success of immunotherapies, novel anti-cancer drugs that may elicit an anti-tumor immune response are of high interest in the development of novel drugs to treat solid cancer. Thus, we focused on studying whether NSC243928 may elicit an anti-tumor immune response in the in vivo mammary tumor models of 4T1 and E0771. We observed that NSC243928 induced immunogenic cell death in 4T1 and E0771 cells. Furthermore, NSC243928 mounted an anti-tumor immune response by increasing immune cells such as patrolling monocytes, NKT cells, B1 cells, and decreasing PMN MDSCs in vivo. Further studies are required to understand the exact mechanism of NSC243928 action in inducing an anti-tumor immune response in vivo, which can be used to determine a molecular signature associated with NSC243928 efficacy. NSC243928 may be a good target for future immuno-oncology drug development for breast cancer.
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10
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Canine mammary carcinoma: current therapeutic targets and future perspectives – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most common neoplasm in bitches, and it shares many biological similarities with breast cancer in humans. Drug resistance, high epigenetic mutations, and relapse rates are among the challenges which eventually urge the need for a veterinary oncologist to discover new therapeutic approaches that are more effective and safer. Therefore, in this review, we also cover the current therapeutic strategies from human medicine for the future perspectives of tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. These strategies have great potential to be employed as therapeutic or prophylactic options due to their ability to modulate a specific and potent immune response against CMC. As we acquire a better understanding of canine tumor immunology, we can move towards a brighter prognosis. Additionally, we report on the recent successful studies in breast cancer that may benefit canines as well.
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11
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An In Vitro Comparison of Costimulatory Domains in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell for Breast Cancer Treatment. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2449373. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2449373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has emerged as a potential novel treatment for various cancers. In this study, we have generated CAR T cells targeting mucin-1 (MUC1), which is an aberrantly glycosylated antigen overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Two different signaling domains, including CD28 and 41BB, were incorporated and directly compared the superiority of different costimulatory signals. Two different CAR MUC1 constructs were transduced into primary T cells and evaluated their characteristics and antitumor activities against MUC1+ cancer cells. CAR MUC1 T cells showed high transduction efficiency and antigen specificity toward MUC1+ cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer cells. When coculturing with target cells, the transduced cells exhibited potent antitumor activity in vitro and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Upon antigen stimulation, incorporation of the 41BB signaling domain was able to improve T cell proliferation and reduce surface PD1 expression and the upregulation of suppressive cytokines, when compared with CAR MUC1 containing the CD28 domain. Our findings show that CAR T cell targeting MUC1 can be effective against MUC1+ breast cancer cell and support the further development of CAR MUC1 T cells containing 41BB signaling in preclinical and clinical studies of breast cancer treatment.
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Kirwan JP. Phytochemical Targeting of Mitochondria for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention, Therapy, and Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214152. [PMID: 36430632 PMCID: PMC9692881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease that causes tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden on patients and society. Early-stage breast cancer and less aggressive subtypes have promising prognosis for patients, but in aggressive subtypes, and as cancers progress, treatment options and responses diminish, dramatically decreasing survival. Plants are nutritionally rich and biologically diverse organisms containing thousands of metabolites, some of which have chemopreventive, therapeutic, and sensitizing properties, providing a rich source for drug discovery. In this study we review the current landscape of breast cancer with a central focus on the potential role of phytochemicals for treatment, management, and disease prevention. We discuss the relevance of phytochemical targeting of mitochondria for improved anti-breast cancer efficacy. We highlight current applications of phytochemicals and derivative structures that display anti-cancer properties and modulate cancer mitochondria, while describing future applicability and identifying areas of promise.
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13
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Chang Q, Chang L, Li M, Fan L, Bao S, Wang X, Liu L. Nanobiotherapeutic strategies to target immune microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4083-4102. [PMID: 36225648 PMCID: PMC9548023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype with the least favourable outcomes in breast cancer. Besides chemotherapy, there is a chronic lack of other effective treatments. Advances in omic technologies have liberated us from the ambiguity of TNBC heterogeneity in terms of cancer cell and immune microenvironment in recent years. This new understanding of TNBC pathology has already led to the exploitation of novel nanoparticulate systems, including tumor vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and antibody derivatives. The revolutionary ideas in the therapeutic landscape provide new opportunities for TNBC patients. Translating these experimental medicines into clinical benefit is both appreciated and challenging. In this review, we describe the prospective nanobiotherapy of TNBC that has been developed to overcome clinical obstacles, and provide our vision for this booming field at the overlap of cancer biotherapy and nanomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Mo Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shunchao Bao
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Screening and Health Management for Cancer, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
- Biotechnology and Medical Materials Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Guha L, Bhat IA, Bashir A, Rahman JU, Pottoo FH. Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:781-799. [PMID: 35676850 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220608144551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women around the world, having a sudden spread nowadays because of the poor sedentary lifestyle of people. Comprising several subtypes, one of the most dangerous and aggressive ones is triple-negative breast cancer or TNBC. Even though conventional surgical approaches like single and double mastectomy and preventive chemotherapeutic approaches are available, they are not selective to cancer cells and are only for symptomatic treatment. A new branch called nanotechnology has emerged in the last few decades that offers various novel characteristics, such as size in nanometric scale, enhanced adherence to multiple targeting moieties, active and passive targeting, controlled release, and site-specific targeting. Among various nanotherapeutic approaches like dendrimers, lipid-structured nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes, etc., nanoparticle targeted therapeutics can be termed the best among all for their specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells and increased bioavailability to a target site. This review focuses on the types and molecular pathways involving TNBC, existing treatment strategies, various nanotechnological approaches like exosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, lipid, and carbon-based nanocarriers, and especially various nanoparticles (NPs) like polymeric, photodynamic, peptide conjugated, antibody-conjugated, metallic, inorganic, natural product capped, and CRISPR based nanoparticles already approved for treatment or are under clinical and pre-clinical trials for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat
- Northern Railway Hospital, Sri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, Reasi 182320, India
| | - Aasiya Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad MZ, Alasiri AS, Alasmary MY, Abdullah MM, Ahmad J, Abdel Wahab BA, M Alqahtani SA, Pathak K, Mustafa G, Khan MA, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Emerging advances in nanomedicine for breast cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:957-983. [PMID: 35852105 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach for all cancers are climacterics for a favorable prognosis. Targeting the immune system in breast cancer is already a clinical reality with notable successes, specifically with checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. However, there have been inevitable setbacks in the clinical application of cancer immunotherapy, including inadequate immune responses due to insufficient delivery of immunostimulants to immune cells and uncontrolled immune system modulation. Rapid advancements and new evidence have suggested that nanomedicine-based immunotherapy may be a viable option for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
- Medical Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abdullah
- Advanced Materials & Nano-Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Saif Aboud M Alqahtani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadmi Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
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16
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An C, Wang X, Song F, Hu J, Li L. Insights into intercellular receptor-ligand binding kinetics in cell communication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:953353. [PMID: 35837553 PMCID: PMC9273785 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.953353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is crucial for cells to sense, respond and adapt to environmental cues and stimuli. The intercellular communication process, which involves multiple length scales, is mediated by the specific binding of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands. Gaining insight into two-dimensional receptor-ligand binding kinetics is of great significance for understanding numerous physiological and pathological processes, and stimulating new strategies in drug design and discovery. To this end, extensive studies have been performed to illuminate the underlying mechanisms that control intercellular receptor-ligand binding kinetics via experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. It has been well established that the cellular microenvironment where the receptor-ligand interaction occurs plays a vital role. In this review, we focus on the advances regarding the regulatory effects of three factors including 1) protein-membrane interaction, 2) biomechanical force, and 3) bioelectric microenvironment to summarize the relevant experimental observations, underlying mechanisms, as well as their biomedical significances and applications. Meanwhile, we introduce modeling methods together with experiment technologies developed for dealing with issues at different scales. We also outline future directions to advance the field and highlight that building up systematic understandings for the coupling effects of these regulatory factors can greatly help pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi An
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglei Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Hu, ; Long Li,
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglei Hu, ; Long Li,
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17
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New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Advanced Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042288. [PMID: 35216405 PMCID: PMC8874375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, breast cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Breast cancer is classified into four major subtypes: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Luminal-A, Luminal-B, and Basal-like or triple-negative, based on histopathological criteria including the expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor) and/or HER2. Primary breast cancer treatments can include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and/or targeted therapy. Endocrine therapy has been shown to be effective in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers and is a common choice for adjuvant therapy. However, due to the aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer, targeted therapy is becoming a noteworthy area of research in the search for non-endocrine-targets in breast cancer. In addition to HER2-targeted therapy, other emerging therapies include immunotherapy and targeted therapy against critical checkpoints and/or pathways in cell growth. This review summarizes novel targeted breast cancer treatments and explores the possible implications of combination therapy.
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18
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Čelešnik H, Potočnik U. Peripheral Blood Transcriptome in Breast Cancer Patients as a Source of Less Invasive Immune Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine, and Implications for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030591. [PMID: 35158858 PMCID: PMC8833511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous breast cancer (BC) type which is difficult to treat and accompanied by disease recurrence. A better understanding of TNBC and the identification of novel biomarkers is needed to facilitate clinical decisions. Immune-related biomarkers are of particular interest, since immune responses play an important role in BC outcome. Transcriptome studies of peripheral blood cells can help us to understand the systemic immune responses to cancer cells and the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and progression. They enable the identification of novel immune biomarkers for early cancer detection and personalized BC management and may bring forward new immunotherapy options. Recent transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood cells have delineated novel BC-patient immune subgroups. This categorization has implications for cancer prognosis, the identification of patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy, and treatment efficacy monitoring. Additionally, transcriptome studies have identified TNBC-enriched blood transcriptional signatures that can differentiate TNBC from other classical BC subtypes. Abstract Transcriptome studies of peripheral blood cells can advance our understanding of the systemic immune response to the presence of cancer and the mechanisms underlying cancer onset and progression. This enables the identification of novel minimally invasive immune biomarkers for early cancer detection and personalized cancer management and may bring forward new immunotherapy options. Recent blood gene expression analyses in breast cancer (BC) identified distinct patient subtypes that differed in the immune reaction to cancer and were distinct from the clinical BC subtypes, which are categorized based on expression of specific receptors on tumor cells. Introducing new BC subtypes based on peripheral blood gene expression profiles may be appropriate, since it may assist in BC prognosis, the identification of patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy, and treatment efficacy monitoring. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous, and difficult-to-treat disease, and identification of novel biomarkers for this BC is crucial for clinical decision-making. A few studies have reported TNBC-enriched blood transcriptional signatures, mostly related to strong inflammation and augmentation of altered immune signaling, that can differentiate TNBC from other classical BC subtypes and facilitate diagnosis. Future research is geared toward transitioning from expression signatures in unfractionated blood cells to those in immune cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Čelešnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Center for Human Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Science and Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-330-5874
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19
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Tobias J, Garner-Spitzer E, Drinić M, Wiedermann U. Vaccination against Her-2/neu, with focus on peptide-based vaccines. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100361. [PMID: 35026721 PMCID: PMC8760406 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a milestone in combatting cancer, by complementing or even replacing classic treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and anti-hormonal therapy. In 15%-30% of breast cancers, overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu) is associated with more aggressive tumor development. Passive immunization/immunotherapy with the recombinantly produced Her-2/neu-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) pertuzumab and trastuzumab has been shown to effectively treat breast cancer and lead to a significantly better prognosis. However, allergic and hypersensitivity reactions, cardiotoxicity, development of resistance, lack of immunological memory which results in continuous application over a long period, and cost-intensiveness are among the drawbacks associated with this treatment. Furthermore, intrinsic or acquired resistance is associated with the application of therapeutic mAbs, leading to the disease recurrence. Conversely, these drawbacks could be potentially overcome by vaccination, i.e. an active immunization/immunotherapy approach by activating the patient’s own immune system to target cancer, along with inducing immunological memory. This review aims to summarize the main approaches investigated and undertaken for the production of Her-2/neu vaccine candidates, with the main focus on peptide-based vaccines and their evaluation in clinical settings. Her-2/neu is overexpressed in 10%-30% of breast and gastric cancer patients and this correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Passive application of trastuzumab and pertuzumab has outstandingly improved the Her-2/neu-related clinical outcomes. Treatment with mAbs is associated with frequent administration, cost-intensiveness, and resistance. Vaccination against Her-2/neu with e.g. mimotope- or peptide-based vaccines can alternatively overcome the mAbs’ drawbacks. Such alternatives may pave the way to therapeutics which could be used as monotherapy or in combination therapies with mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Garner-Spitzer
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Drinić
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Di Spazio L, Rivano M, Cancanelli L, Chiumente M, Mengato D, Messori A. The Degree of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Positivity as a Determinant of Outcomes in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cureus 2022; 14:e21065. [PMID: 35028245 PMCID: PMC8743568 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Despite this, an indirect comparison is not yet available. Reconstruction of individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier curves allows the indirect comparison of different treatments. We analyzed six overall survival (OS) curves from three RCTs. In patients with ≥1% positivity, atezolizumab was found to determine a significantly better OS than pembrolizumab. As regards pembrolizumab, adopting a threshold of PD-L1 positivity ≥10% (as opposed to ≥1%) improved median survival to a remarkable extent (23.0 vs 15.5 months).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melania Rivano
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy, A. Businco Hospital, Cagliari, ITA
| | - Luca Cancanelli
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ulss 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, ITA
| | - Marco Chiumente
- Scientific Direction, Italian Society for Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Milano, ITA
| | - Daniele Mengato
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padova, ITA
| | - Andrea Messori
- Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Unit, Regione Toscana, Firenze, ITA
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21
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Zhang J, Shan B, Lin L, Dong J, Sun Q, Zhou Q, Chen J, Han X. Dissecting the Role of N6-Methylandenosine-Related Long Non-coding RNAs Signature in Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711859. [PMID: 34692676 PMCID: PMC8526800 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease. Recent progress in immunotherapy has provided a glimmer of hope for several BC subtypes. The relationship between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) is still largely unexplored in BC. Here, with the intention to dissect the landscape of m6A-related lncRNAs and explore the immunotherapeutic value of the m6A-related lncRNA signature, we identified m6A-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and stratified BC patients into different subgroups. Furthermore, we generated an m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature. Four molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. Cluster 3 preferentially had favorable prognosis, upregulated immune checkpoint expression, and high level of immune cell infiltration. Twenty-one m6A-related lncRNAs were applied to construct the m6A-related lncRNA model (m6A-LncRM). Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves further confirmed the prognostic value and prediction performance of m6A-LncRM. Finally, high- and low-risk BC subgroups displayed significantly different clinical features and immune cell infiltration status. Overall, our study systematically explored the prognostic value of the m6A-related LncRNAs and identified a high immunogenicity BC subtype. The proposed m6A-related LncRNA model might serve as a robust prognostic signature and attractive immunotherapeutic targets for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Benjie Shan
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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