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Lim W, Lee S, Koh M, Jo A, Park J. Recent advances in chemical biology tools for protein and RNA profiling of extracellular vesicles. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:483-499. [PMID: 38846074 PMCID: PMC11151817 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells that contain various cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cell. EVs are abundant in body fluids and can serve as circulating biomarkers for a variety of diseases or as a regulator of various biological processes. Considering these characteristics of EVs, analysis of the EV cargo has been spotlighted for disease diagnosis or to understand biological processes in biomedical research. Over the past decade, technologies for rapid and sensitive analysis of EVs in biofluids have evolved, but detection and isolation of targeted EVs in complex body fluids is still challenging due to the unique physical and biological properties of EVs. Recent advances in chemical biology provide new opportunities for efficient profiling of the molecular contents of EVs. A myriad of chemical biology tools have been harnessed to enhance the analytical performance of conventional assays for better understanding of EV biology. In this review, we will discuss the improvements that have been achieved using chemical biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojeong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ala Jo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Korea
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
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Sayyed AA, Gondaliya P, Yan IK, Carrington J, Driscoll J, Moirangthem A, Patel T. Engineering Cell-Derived Nanovesicles for Targeted Immunomodulation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2751. [PMID: 37887902 PMCID: PMC10609599 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for targeted drug delivery but face production challenges with low yields. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNVs) made by reconstituting cell membranes could serve as EV substitutes. In this study, CDNVs were generated from mesenchymal stem cells by extrusion. Their proteomic composition, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and capacity for loading RNA or proteins were assessed. Compared with EVs, CDNVs were produced at higher yields, were comprised of a broader range of proteins, and showed no detrimental effects on cell proliferation, DNA damage, or nitric oxide production in vitro or on developmental toxicity in vivo. CDNVs could be efficiently loaded with RNA and engineered to modify surface proteins. The feasibility of generating immunomodulatory CDNVs was demonstrated by preparing CDNVs with enhanced surface expression of PD1, which could bind to PD-L1 expressing tumor cells, enhance NK and T cell degranulation, and increase immune-mediated tumor cell death. These findings demonstrate the adaptability and therapeutic promise of CDNVs as promising substitutes for natural EVs that can be engineered to enhance immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Vlăsceanu GM, Ioniță M, Popescu CC, Giol ED, Ionescu I, Dumitrașcu AM, Floarea M, Boerasu I, Necolau MI, Olăreț E, Ghițman J, Iovu H. Chitosan-Based Materials Featuring Multiscale Anisotropy for Wider Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105336. [PMID: 35628150 PMCID: PMC9140409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed graphene oxide composites with increased morphological and structural variability using fatty acid-coupled polysaccharide co-polymer as the continuous phase. The matrix was synthesized by N, O-acylation of chitosan with palmitic and lauric acid. The obtained co-polymer was crosslinked with genipin and composited with graphene oxide. FTIR spectra highlighted the modification and multi-components interaction. DLS, SEM, and contact angle tests demonstrated that the conjugation of hydrophobic molecules to chitosan increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, since it triggered a core-shell macromolecular structuration. Nanoindentation revealed a notable durotaxis gradient due to chitosan/fatty acid self-organization and graphene sheet embedment. The composited building blocks with graphene oxide were more stable during in vitro enzymatic degradation tests and swelled less. In vitro viability, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response tests yielded promising results, and the protein adsorption test demonstrated potential antifouling efficacy. The robust and stable substrates with heterogeneous architecture we developed show promise in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mihail Vlăsceanu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Mariana Ioniță
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-214-022-709
| | - Corina Cristiana Popescu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Elena Diana Giol
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Irina Ionescu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrei-Mihai Dumitrașcu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Mădălina Floarea
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Iulian Boerasu
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Ioana Necolau
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Elena Olăreț
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Jana Ghițman
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Cheng J, Liu J, Wu B, Liu Z, Li M, Wang X, Tang P, Wang Z. Graphene and its Derivatives for Bone Tissue Engineering: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Graphene-Based Scaffolds, Membranes and Coatings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:734688. [PMID: 34660555 PMCID: PMC8511325 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.734688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration or replacement has been proved to be one of the most effective methods available for the treatment of bone defects caused by different musculoskeletal disorders. However, the great contradiction between the large demand for clinical therapies and the insufficiency and deficiency of natural bone grafts has led to an urgent need for the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Bone tissue engineering has shown great potential in the construction of desired bone grafts, despite the many challenges that remain to be faced before safe and reliable clinical applications can be achieved. Graphene, with outstanding physical, chemical and biological properties, is considered a highly promising material for ideal bone regeneration and has attracted broad attention. In this review, we provide an introduction to the properties of graphene and its derivatives. In addition, based on the analysis of bone regeneration processes, interesting findings of graphene-based materials in bone regenerative medicine are analyzed, with special emphasis on their applications as scaffolds, membranes, and coatings in bone tissue engineering. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of their application in bone regenerative medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jianheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Samara A, Belle BD. Nanomaterials Upscaling Cell Production and Advancing Exosome-Based Stem Cell Therapies. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.714824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic underlined that by investing in both basic and clinical life science research and if there are enough volunteers, it is feasible to have -validated by Phase III clinical trials- vaccines in less than a year. Regarding the treatment options for the people who were infected by COVID-19, we know that it was the large clinical trials - like SOLIDARITY (WHO) and RECOVERY (UK)- that gave the most valid results, and that although hundreds of drugs were repurposed, sadly, most proved to be unsuccessful. Repurposing drugs and compassionate use, were the only options for the first half of 2020. The same applied to the convalescent plasma (CP) approach; however, apart from CP, other cell derived therapeutics were deployed, such as synthetic monoclonal antibodies, which were also tested and given provisional licences by health authorities. Unfortunately, synthetic antibody production comes with problems related to low and slow yield that were not overcome, while SARS-CoV-2 viral mutations may possibly render them less effective. One approach that works and is currently assessed in several clinical trials, is mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) and extracellular vesicle (EV) administration for therapy. Interdisciplinarity may prove key here. Easy to produce nanomaterials and biomaterials should be further investigated to increase bioproduction of MSCs, both at the level of therapeutics, as the base substrate for EV production and to upscale synthetic antibody production for therapy.
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