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Kobashigawa E, Russell S, Zhang MZ, Sinnott EA, Connolly M, Zhang S. RT-QuIC detection of chronic wasting disease prion in platelet samples of white-tailed deer. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:152. [PMID: 38654224 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of captive and free-ranging cervids. Currently, a definitive diagnosis of CWD relies on immunohistochemistry detection of PrPSc in the obex and retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) of the affected cervids. For high-throughput screening of CWD in wild cervids, RPLN samples are tested by ELISA followed by IHC confirmation of positive results. Recently, real-time quacking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) has been used to detect CWD positivity in various types of samples. To develop a blood RT-QuIC assay suitable for CWD diagnosis, this study evaluated the assay sensitivity and specificity with and without ASR1-based preanalytical enrichment and NaI as the main ionic component in assay buffer. RESULTS A total of 23 platelet samples derived from CWD-positive deer (ELISA + /IHC +) and 30 platelet samples from CWD-negative (ELISA-) deer were tested. The diagnostic sensitivity was 43.48% (NaCl), 65.22% (NaI), 60.87% (NaCl-ASR1) or 82.61% (NaI-ASR1). The diagnostic specificity was 96.67% (NaCl), 100% (NaI), 100% (NaCl-ASR1), or 96.67% (NaI-ASR1). The probability of detecting CWD prion in platelet samples derived from CWD-positive deer was 0.924 (95% CRI: 0.714, 0.989) under NaI-ASR1 experimental condition and 0.530 (95% CRI: 0.156, 0.890) under NaCl alone condition. The rate of amyloid formation (RFA) was greatest under the NaI-ASR1 condition at 10-2 (0.01491, 95% CRI: 0.00675, 0.03384) and 10-3 (0.00629, 95% CRI: 0.00283, 0.01410) sample dilution levels. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of ASR1-based preanalytical enrichment and NaI as the main ionic component significantly improved the sensitivity of CWD RT-QuIC on deer platelet samples. Blood test by the improved RT-QuIC assay may be used for antemortem and postmortem diagnosis of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Kobashigawa
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sherri Russell
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 2901 W Truman Blvd, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Michael Z Zhang
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily A Sinnott
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 2901 W Truman Blvd, Jefferson City, MO, USA
| | - Michael Connolly
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 67 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 901 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Yilmaz G, Morrill T, Pilot W, Ward C, Mitchell G, Soutyrine A, Dan H, Lin M, Guan J. Optimization of RT-QuIC Assay Duration for Screening Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer. Vet Sci 2024; 11:60. [PMID: 38393078 PMCID: PMC10891863 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays have become a common tool to detect chronic wasting disease (CWD) and are very sensitive provided the assay duration is sufficient. However, a prolonged assay duration may lead to non-specific signal amplification. The wide range of pre-defined assay durations in current RT-QuIC applications presents a need for methods to optimize the RT-QuIC assay. In this study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to optimize the assay duration for CWD screening in obex and retropharyngeal lymph node (RLN) tissue specimens. Two different fluorescence thresholds were used: a fixed threshold based on background fluorescence (Tstdev) and a max-point ratio (maximum/background fluorescence) threshold (TMPR) to determine CWD positivity. The optimal assay duration was 33 h for obex and 30 h for RLN based on Tstdev, and 29 h for obex and 32 h for RLN based on TMPR. The optimized assay durations were then evaluated for screening CWD in white-tailed deer from an affected farm. At a replicate level, using the optimized assay durations with TStdev and TMPR, the level of agreement with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that when using a 40 h assay duration. These findings demonstrate that the optimization of assay duration via a ROC analysis can improve RT-QuIC assays for screening CWD in white-tailed deer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiewen Guan
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada
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He X, Ewing AG. Anionic Species Regulate Chemical Storage in Nanometer Vesicles and Amperometrically Detected Exocytotic Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4310-4314. [PMID: 35254807 PMCID: PMC8931764 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hofmeister effects have often been ignored in living organisms, although they affect the activity and functions of biological molecules. Herein, amperometry has been applied to show that the vesicular content, dynamics of exocytosis and vesicles opening, depend on the anionic species treatment. Compared to 100 μM Cl- treated chromaffin cells, a similar number of catecholamine molecules is released after chaotropic anions (ClO4- and SCN-) treatment, even though the vesicular catecholamine content significantly increases, suggesting a lower release fraction. In addition, there are opposite effects on the dynamics of vesicles release (shorter duration) and vesicle opening (longer duration) for chaotropic anions treated cells. Our results show anion-dependent vesicle release, vesicle opening, and vesicular content, providing understanding of the pharmacological and pathological processes induced by inorganic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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