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Gayathri K, Vidya R. Carbon nanomaterials as carriers for the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin: a review on theoretical and experimental studies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3992-4014. [PMID: 39114152 PMCID: PMC11302188 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide in a life-threatening manner. In such a scenario, the development of anti-cancer drugs with minimal side effects and effective drug delivery systems is of paramount importance. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the powerful anti-cancer drugs from the chemical family anthracycline, which is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and hematological malignancies. However, DOX has been associated with many side effects, including lethal cardiotoxicity, baldness, gastrointestinal disturbances and cognitive function impairment. Even though DOX is administered in liposomal formulations to reduce its toxicity and enhance its therapeutic profile, the liposomal formulations themselves have certain therapeutic profile limitations such as "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE)", which shows severe swelling and redness in the skin, thus restricting the dosage and reducing patient compliance. In contemporary chemotherapy research, there is a great interest in the utilization of nanomaterials for precise and targeted drug delivery applications, especially using carbon-based nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both experimental and theoretical scientific works, exploring diverse forms of carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes that function as carriers for DOX. In addition, the review consolidates information on the fate of the carriers after the delivery of the payload at the site of action through different imaging techniques and the various pathways through which the body eliminates these nanomaterials. In conclusion, the review presents a detailed overview of the toxicities associated with these carriers within the human body, contributing to the development of enhanced drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gayathri
- Centre for Materials Informatics(C-mAIn), Sir. C.V. Raman Science Block, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
- Department of Physics, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
| | - R Vidya
- Centre for Materials Informatics(C-mAIn), Sir. C.V. Raman Science Block, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
- Department of Physics, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
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2
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Mirzaei S, Paskeh MDA, Moghadam FA, Entezari M, Koohpar ZK, Hejazi ES, Rezaei S, Kakavand A, Aboutalebi M, Zandieh MA, Rajabi R, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. miRNAs as short non-coding RNAs in regulating doxorubicin resistance. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00789-0. [PMID: 38019354 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer patients has been prohibited by chemoresistance. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anti-tumor compound disrupting proliferation and triggering cell cycle arrest via inhibiting activity of topoisomerase I and II. miRNAs are endogenous RNAs localized in cytoplasm to reduce gene level. Abnormal expression of miRNAs changes DOX cytotoxicity. Overexpression of tumor-promoting miRNAs induces DOX resistance, while tumor-suppressor miRNAs inhibit DOX resistance. The miRNA-mediated regulation of cell death and hallmarks of cancer can affect response to DOX chemotherapy in tumor cells. The transporters such as P-glycoprotein are regulated by miRNAs in DOX chemotherapy. Upstream mediators including lncRNAs and circRNAs target miRNAs in affecting capacity of DOX. The response to DOX chemotherapy can be facilitated after administration of agents that are mostly phytochemicals including curcumol, honokiol and ursolic acid. These agents can regulate miRNA expression increasing DOX's cytotoxicity. Since delivery of DOX alone or in combination with other drugs and genes can cause synergistic impact, the nanoparticles have been introduced for drug sensitivity. The non-coding RNAs determine the response of tumor cells to doxorubicin chemotherapy. microRNAs play a key role in this case and they can be sponged by lncRNAs and circRNAs, showing interaction among non-coding RNAs in the regulation of doxorubicin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Adhami Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fauclty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aboutalebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Zhou M, Cui R, Luo Z, Cong Z, Shao N, Yuan L, Gu J, He H, Liu R. Convenient and Controllable Synthesis of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Conjugated Doxorubicin for Regulating Anti-Tumor Selectivity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:382. [PMID: 37504877 PMCID: PMC10381835 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugation is an important strategy to improve toxicity and enhance clinically therapeutic efficacy. However, with the frequent use of PEG-modified drugs, the accumulation of anti-PEG antibodies has become a tough issue, which limits the application of PEG-drug conjugation. As an alternative solution, poly(2-oxazoline) (POX)-DOX conjugation has shown great potential in the anti-tumor field, but the reported conjugation process of POX with DOX has drawbacks such as complex synthetic steps and purification. Herein, we propose a convenient and controllable strategy for the synthesis of POX-DOX conjugation with different chain lengths and narrow dispersity by N-boc-2-bromoacetohydrazide-initiated 2-ethyl-oxazoline polymerization and the subsequent deprotection of the N-Boc group and direct reaction with DOX. The DOX-PEtOx conjugates were firstly purified, and the successful conjugations were confirmed through various characterization methods. The synthetic DOX-PEtOxn conjugates reduce the toxicity of DOX and increase the selectivity to tumor cells, reflecting the promising application of this POX-DOX conjugation strategy in drug modification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruxin Cui
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhengjie Luo
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiawei Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, East China University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518063, China
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Almajidi YQ, Kadhim MM, Alsaikhan F, Turki Jalil A, Hassan Sayyid N, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Hassan Jawhar Z, Gupta J, Nabavi N, Yu W, Ertas YN. Doxorubicin-loaded micelles in tumor cell-specific chemotherapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115722. [PMID: 36948284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a field that combines biology and engineering to improve disease treatment, particularly in cancer therapy. One of the promising techniques utilized in this area is the use of micelles, which are nanoscale delivery systems that are known for their simple preparation, high biocompatibility, small particle size, and the ability to be functionalized. A commonly employed chemotherapy drug, Doxorubicin (DOX), is an effective inhibitor of topoisomerase II that prevents DNA replication in cancer cells. However, its efficacy is frequently limited by resistance resulting from various factors, including increased activity of drug efflux transporters, heightened oncogenic factors, and lack of targeted delivery. This review aims to highlight the potential of micelles as new nanocarriers for delivering DOX and to examine the challenges involved with employing chemotherapy to treat cancer. Micelles that respond to changes in pH, redox, and light are known as stimuli-responsive micelles, which can improve the targeted delivery of DOX and its cytotoxicity by facilitating its uptake in tumor cells. Additionally, micelles can be utilized to administer a combination of DOX and other drugs and genes to overcome drug resistance mechanisms and improve tumor suppression. Furthermore, micelles can be used in phototherapy, both photodynamic and photothermal, to promote cell death and increase DOX sensitivity in human cancers. Finally, the alteration of micelle surfaces with ligands can further enhance their targeted delivery for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group(GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq; Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U.P, India
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye.
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Parchami M, Haghiralsadat F, Sadeghian-Nodoushan F, Hemati M, Shahmohammadi S, Ghasemi N, Sargazi G. A new approach to the development and assessment of doxorubicin-loaded nanoliposomes for the treatment of osteosarcoma in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15495. [PMID: 37153425 PMCID: PMC10160703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug used for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Liposomal nanocarriers for doxorubicin administration are now regarded as one of the most promising approaches to overcome multiple drug resistance and adverse side effects. The use of hydrogel as a 3D scaffold to mimic the cellular environment and provide comparable biological conditions for deeper investigations of cellular processes has attracted considerable attention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of liposomal doxorubicin on the osteosarcoma cell line in the presence of alginate hydrogel as a three-dimensional scaffold. Different liposomal formulations based on cholesterol, phospholipids, and surfactants containing doxorubicin were developed using the thin-layer hydration approach to improve therapeutic efficacy. The final selected formulation was superficially modified using DSPE-mPEG2000. A three-dimensional hydrogel culture model with appropriate structure and porosity was synthesized using sodium alginate and calcium chloride as crosslinks for hydrogel. Then, the physical properties of liposomal formulations, such as mechanical and porosity, were characterized. The toxicity of the synthesized hydrogel was also assessed. Afterward, the cytotoxicity of nanoliposomes was analyzed on the Saos-2 and HFF cell lines in the presence of a three-dimensional alginate scaffold using the MTT assay. The results indicated that the encapsulation efficiency, the amount of doxorubicin released within 8 h, the mean size of vesicles, and the surface charge were 82.2%, 33.0%, 86.8 nm, and -4.2 mv, respectively. As a result, the hydrogel scaffolds showed sufficient mechanical resistance and suitable porosity. The MTT assay demonstrated that the synthesized scaffold had no cytotoxicity against cells, while nanoliposomal DOX exhibited marked toxicity against the Saos-2 cell line in the 3D culture medium of alginate hydrogel compared to the free drug in the 2D culture medium. Our research showed that the 3D culture model physically resembles the cellular matrix, and nanoliposomal DOX with proper size could easily penetrate into cells and cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the 2D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Parchami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Haghiralsadat
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Corresponding author. Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Tel.: +989132507158.
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghian-Nodoushan
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Hemati
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Corresponding author. Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Tel.: +09135140586.
| | - Sajjad Shahmohammadi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Bouali Ave, Safaeyeh, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sargazi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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Ando H, Eshima K, Ishida T. A polyethylene glycol-conjugate of deoxycytidine analog, DFP-14927, produces potential antitumor effects on pancreatic tumor-xenograft murine models via inducing G2/M arrest. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175758. [PMID: 37121563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A deoxycytidine analog is a potential agent for the treatment of several cancers, which includes poorly prognostic pancreatic cancer. We previously developed deoxycytidine analog DFP-10917, and long-term/low-dose infusions of this analog has produced antitumor effects in leukemia cancer- and ovarian cancer-xenograft models. DFP-10917 is now undergoing clinical Phase III study in the United States for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. PEG-drug conjugation has become a promising technique to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of anti-cancer drugs. In the present study, we synthesized a novel PEG-drug conjugate of DFP-10917, referred to hereafter as DFP-14927, using a 4-armed CTPEG system to endow the DFP-10917 drug with favorable long-circulating properties that maximize its utility and antitumor efficacy. Intravenous injection of the synthesized DFP-14927 returned encouraging antitumor effects in a Panc-1 human pancreatic tumor- and a BxPC-3 human pancreatic tumor-xenograft models. These effects were comparable to that of free DFP-10917 as well as to that of gemcitabine, which is considered a standard in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies revealed that DFP-14927 inhibits cell division on human pancreatic cancer cell lines via arrest of the G2/M phase in the cell cycle, which is consistent with the effects of free DFP-10917. Intravenous administration of the newly synthesized DFP-14927 has induced G2/M arrest in human pancreatic tumor-xenograft murine models, which represents an improvement in the pharmacokinetics of DFP-10917. DFP-14927 could be an alternative for patients who cannot accept prolonged or continuous infusions of DFP-10917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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Chen Y, Shi S, Dai Y. Research progress of therapeutic drugs for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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