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Guo T, Wang X, Zhang Q, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wei L, Li N, Xu X, Liu H, Hu L, Zhao N, Xu S. Effects of the alpine meadow in different phenological periods on rumen fermentation and gastrointestinal tract bacteria community in grazing yak on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38373936 PMCID: PMC10875897 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effects of alpine meadow in different phenological periods on ruminal fermentation, serum biochemical indices, and gastrointestinal tract microbes in grazing yak on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A total of eighteen female freely grazing yaks with an average age of 3 years old and a body weight of 130 ± 19 kg were selected. According to the plant phenological periods, yaks were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) regreen periods group (RP, n = 6); (2) grassy periods group (GP, n = 6); and (3) hay periods group (HP, n = 6). At the end of the experiment, the blood, rumen fluids, and rectal contents were collected to perform further analysis. RESULTS The concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetate, glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher in the GP group than in the HP group (P < 0.05). However, compared with the RP and GP groups, the HP group had higher concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and creatinine (CREA) (P < 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella in the rumen, and the abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 in the gut were higher in the GP group compared with the HP group (P < 0.05). The HP had higher abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in the rumen as well as the abundances of Romboutsia and Arthrobacter in the gut compared with the RP and GP groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of rumen fermentation, serum biochemical, differential biomarkers, and function prediction, the carbohydrate digestion of grazing yak would be higher with the alpine meadow regreen and grassy due to the gastrointestinal tract microbes. However, the risk of microbe disorders and host inflammation in grazing yak were higher with the alpine meadow wither.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Guo
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xungang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuna Jia
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianli Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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Krishnan SV, Nampoothiri KM, Suresh A, Linh NT, Balakumaran PA, Pócsi I, Pusztahelyi T. Fusarium biocontrol: antagonism and mycotoxin elimination by lactic acid bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1260166. [PMID: 38235432 PMCID: PMC10791833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are secondary metabolites with low molecular weight formed by filamentous fungi generally resistant to different environmental factors and, therefore, undergo slow degradation. Contamination by Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals and millets is the foremost quality challenge the food and feed industry faces across the globe. Several types of chemical preservatives are employed in the mitigation process of these mycotoxins, and they help in long-term storage; however, chemical preservatives can be used only to some extent, so the complete elimination of toxins from foods is still a herculean task. The growing demand for green-labeled food drives to evade the use of chemicals in the production processes is getting much demand. Thus, the biocontrol of food toxins is important in the developing food sector. Fusarium mycotoxins are world-spread contaminants naturally occurring in commodities, food, and feed. The major mycotoxins Fusarium species produce are deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, zearalenone, and T2/HT2 toxins. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), generally regarded as safe (GRAS), is a well-explored bacterial community in food preparations and preservation for ages. Recent research suggests that LAB are the best choice for extenuating Fusarium mycotoxins. Apart from Fusarium mycotoxins, this review focuses on the latest studies on the mechanisms of how LAB effectively detoxify and remove these mycotoxins through their various bioactive molecules and background information of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vipin Krishnan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K. Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Anandhu Suresh
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Linh
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P. A. Balakumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division (MPTD), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, FAFSEM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Kim JA, Jang HJ, Kim DH, Son YK, Kim Y. Complete genome sequence of Pediococcus acidilactici CACC 537 isolated from canine. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:1105-1109. [PMID: 37969339 PMCID: PMC10640928 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Pedi coccus acidilactici CACC 537 was isolated from canine feces and reported to have probiotic properties. We aimed to characterize the potential probiotic properties of this strain by functional genomic analysis. Complete genome sequencing of P. acidilactici CACC 537 was performed using a PacBio RSII and Illumina platform, and contained one circular chromosome (2.0 Mb) with a 42% G + C content. The sequences were annotation revealed 1,897 protein-coding sequences, 15 rRNAs, and 56 tRNAs. It was determined that P. acidilactici CACC 537 genome carries genes known to be involved in the immune system, defense mechanisms, restriction-modification (R-M), and the CRISPR system. CACC 537 was shown to be beneficial in preventing pathogen infection during the fermentation process, help host immunity, and maintain intestinal health. These results provide for a comprehensive understanding of P. acidilactici and the development of industrial probiotic feed additives that can help improve host immunity and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ae Kim
- Department of Research and Development,
Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock
Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Research and Development,
Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock
Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Research and Development,
Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock
Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology,
Department of Bioactive Material Science, Institute for Molecular Biology
and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- Biologicla and Genetic Reources Assessment
Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon
22689, Korea
| | - Yangseon Kim
- Department of Research and Development,
Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock
Microorganisms, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
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Living in honey: bacterial and fungal communities in honey of sympatric populations of Apis mellifera and the stingless bee Melipona beecheii, in Yucatan, Mexico. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:718. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Plasmid-Based Gene Expression Systems for Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061132. [PMID: 35744650 PMCID: PMC9229153 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a very vital role in food production, preservation, and as probiotic agents. Some of these species can colonize and survive longer in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where their presence is crucially helpful to promote human health. LAB has also been used as a safe and efficient incubator to produce proteins of interest. With the advent of genetic engineering, recombinant LAB have been effectively employed as vectors for delivering therapeutic molecules to mucosal tissues of the oral, nasal, and vaginal tracks and for shuttling therapeutics for diabetes, cancer, viral infections, and several gastrointestinal infections. The most important tool needed to develop genetically engineered LABs to produce proteins of interest is a plasmid-based gene expression system. To date, a handful of constitutive and inducible vectors for LAB have been developed, but their limited availability, host specificity, instability, and low carrying capacity have narrowed their spectrum of applications. The current review discusses the plasmid-based vectors that have been developed so far for LAB; their functionality, potency, and constraints; and further highlights the need for a new, more stable, and effective gene expression platform for LAB.
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