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Shao J, Liu Y, Hou Z, Zhang T, Dai F, Cheng L. Flat silk cocoons: A candidate material for fabricating lightweight and impact-resistant composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136109. [PMID: 39343278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of silk cocoons in the production of lightweight and tough composites has been gaining increasing attention. However, the limited applications of normal silk cocoons (NSC) are attributed to their small size and irregular shape. To overcome this deficiency, flat silk cocoons (FSC) with a similar structure and controllable size were prepared. Next, we systematically characterized and compared the microstructures, morphologies, compositions, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of FSC with NSC. Subsequently, FSC was successfully utilized to fabricate a novel silk fibroin fiber reinforced sericin matrix composite (HPFSC) using a hot pressing method, followed by the analysis of its microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, failure modes, and theoretical modeling. This composite has outstanding mechanical properties including hardness, modulus, and strength. HPFSC has a relatively low density of ~1.3 g/cm3, whose absorbed impact energy can reach a maximum value of 11.1 J/mm, exceeding that of most engineering materials, such as aluminum alloy, ceramics, glass, and carbon fiber composites. The exceptional performance of HPFSC can be attributed to the reduced porosity, enhanced bonding between silk fibroin fibers facilitated by sericin, and their structural transformation. This study offers valuable guidance for the fabrication of lightweight and impact-resistant composites using flat silk cocoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tonghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Yibin Academy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Tang Z, Li J, Fu L, Xia T, Dong X, Deng H, Zhang C, Xia H. Janus silk fibroin/polycaprolactone-based scaffold with directionally aligned fibers and porous structure for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129927. [PMID: 38311130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
To promote bone repair, it is desirable to develop three-dimensional multifunctional fiber scaffolds. The densely stacked and tightly arranged conventional two-dimensional electrospun fibers hinder cell penetration into the scaffold. Most of the existing three-dimensional structural materials are isotropic and monofunctional. In this research, a Janus nanofibrous scaffold based on silk fibroin/polycaprolactone (SF/PCL) was fabricated. SF-encapsulated SeNPs demonstrated stability and resistance to aggregation. The outside layer (SF/PCL/Se) of the Janus nanofiber scaffold displayed a structured arrangement of fibers, facilitating cell growth guidance and impeding cell invasion. The inside layer (SF/PCL/HA) featured a porous structure fostering cell adhesion. The Janus fiber scaffold containing SeNPs notably suppressed S. aureus and E. coli activities, correlating with SeNPs concentration. In vitro, findings indicated considerable enhancement in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and upregulation of genes linked to osteogenic differentiation with exposure to the SF/PCL/HA/Se Janus nanofibrous scaffold. Moreover, in vivo, experiments demonstrated successful critical bone defect repair in mouse skulls using the SF/PCL/HA/Se Janus nanofiber scaffold. These findings highlight the potential of the SF/PCL-based Janus nanofibrous scaffold, integrating SeNPs and nHA, as a promising biomaterial in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangliang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyang Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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