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Omidfar K, Kashanian S. A mini review on recent progress of microfluidic systems for antibody development. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 38932846 PMCID: PMC11196548 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Antibody is specific reagent that be utilized in various field of biomedical research. Monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced using two common techniques namely hybridoma and antibody engineering, which suffer from some limitations such as boring screening procedures, long production time, low efficacy and a degree of automation. To address these limitations, various microfluidics techniques have been developed for the antibody isolation and screening. Methods This study specifically investigates nearly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results In this study, we identified a total of seventy papers from a pool of 130 articles. These papers focus on the application of three major groups of microfluidic platforms, namely valves, microwells, and droplets, in the development of antibodies using hybridoma method and phage display technology. We provide a summary of these applications and also discuss the key findings in this field. Additionally, we illustrate our discussion with several examples to enhance understanding. Conclusions Microfluidics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in streamlining complex laboratory procedures involved in antibody discovery. However, it is important to note that microfluidics is limited to laboratory settings. Further enhancements are needed to address existing challenges and to make microfluidics a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective tool for antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohiela Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
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Hu S, Zhang Q, Ou Z, Dang Y. Particle sorting method based on swirl induction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174901. [PMID: 37909455 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid-based methods for particle sorting demonstrate increasing appeal in many areas of biosciences due to their biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we construct a microfluidic sorting system based on a swirl microchip. The impact of microchannel velocity on the swirl stagnation point as well as particle movement is analyzed through simulation and experiment. Moreover, the quantitative mapping relationship between flow velocity and particle position distribution is established. With this foundation established, a particle sorting method based on swirl induction is proposed. Initially, the particle is captured by a swirl. Then, the Sorting Region into which the particle aims to enter is determined according to the sorting condition and particle characteristic. Subsequently, the velocities of the microchannels are adjusted to control the swirl, which will induce the particle to enter its corresponding Induction Region. Thereafter, the velocities are adjusted again to change the fluid field and drive the particle into a predetermined Sorting Region, hence the sorting is accomplished. We have extensively conducted experiments taking particle size or color as a sorting condition. An outstanding sorting success rate of 98.75% is achieved when dealing with particles within the size range of tens to hundreds of micrometers in radius, which certifies the effectiveness of the proposed sorting method. Compared to the existing sorting techniques, the proposed method offers greater flexibility. The adjustment of sorting conditions or particle parameters no longer requires complex chip redesign, because such sorting tasks can be successfully realized through simple microchannel velocities control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhiming Ou
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yanping Dang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yu H, Saint Fleur A, Yu D, Yang Z, Feng H. A fine-tuned yeast surface-display/secretion platform enables the rapid discovery of neutralizing antibodies against Clostridioides difficile toxins. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:194. [PMID: 37749574 PMCID: PMC10519002 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibody plays a key role in protecting hosts from invasive pathogens and their virulent components. Current high-throughput assays for antibody screening are based on binding activities. However, those antibodies with high affinity may not have neutralizing activities. Subsequent functionality assays are necessary to identify neutralizing antibodies from binders with high affinity to their target antigens, which is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, a versatile platform that can rapidly identify antibodies with both high binding affinity and neutralizing activity is desired to curb future pandemics like COVID-19. RESULTS In this proof-of-concept study, we adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae to either display human antibodies on the yeast surface or secrete soluble antibodies into the cultivation supernatant under a controllable 'switch' through different carbon source induced promoters. Initially, an engineered chimeric-bispecific Fab antibody, derived from humanized nanobodies against both Clostridioides difficile toxin A and B (TcdA and TcdB), was successfully expressed either on the yeast cell surface or in the culture medium with intact bioactivity, suggesting the applicability of our system in antibody display and secretion. Next, a combinatorial Fab library was constructed from B cells isolated from a convalescent patient with a high serological neutralizing titer against TcdB. Following three rounds of magnetic bead enrichment and one round of flow cytometry sorting, antibodies against TcdB were enriched efficiently. We then sorted out single binders with high binding affinity and induced them to express soluble antibodies in culture medium. The neutralizing activity of culture supernatant was analyzed using cell-based assay immediately. This way, we rapidly identified two unique neutralizers (out of seven binders) that can neutralize the cytotoxicity of TcdB. CONCLUSION The antibody screening platform described here simplifies the neutralizing antibody discovery procedure and will be an attractive alternative for screening functional antibodies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Yongrong Zhang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Fzata, Inc, Halethorpe, MD, 21227, USA
| | - Ashley Saint Fleur
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Hanping Feng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Fzata, Inc, Halethorpe, MD, 21227, USA.
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Lu SY, Liu S, Patel MH, Glenzinski KM, Skory CD. Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display of endolysin LysKB317 for control of bacterial contamination in corn ethanol fermentations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1162720. [PMID: 37091344 PMCID: PMC10117863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of bacterial contamination in bioethanol fermentation facilities has traditionally relied on chemical-based products such as hop acids and use of antibiotics. Recent emphasis on antibiotic stewardship has prompted new research into the development of alternative approaches to microbial remediation strategies. We recently described a recombinant peptidoglycan hydrolase, endolysin LysKB317, which inhibited Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains in corn mash fermentation. Here, Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 was used to anchor recombinant LysKB317 using cell surface display with the a-agglutinin proteins Aga1p–Aga2p. Immunostaining and confocal fluorescence were used for localization of the extracellular interface of the cells. Yeast surface-expressed endolysin demonstrated an 83.8% decrease in bacterial cell counts compared to a 9.5% decrease in control yeast. Recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing LysKB317 used for small-scale corn mash fermentation, when infected with L. fermentum, could proactively control bacterial infection for 72 h with at least 1-log fold reduction. Analysis of fermentation products showed improved ethanol concentrations from 3.4% to at least 5.9% compared to the infection-only control and reduced levels of lactic and acetic acid from 34.7 mM to 13.8 mM and 25.5 mM to 18.1 mM, respectively. In an optimized yeast surface display system, proactive treatment of bacterial contaminants by endolysin LysKB317 can improve fermentation efficiency in the presence of L. fermentum contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yeh Lu
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Shao-Yeh Lu,
| | - Siqing Liu
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Maulik H. Patel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kristina M. Glenzinski
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Christopher D. Skory
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, United States
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Targeted Phagocytosis Induction for Cancer Immunotherapy via Bispecific MerTK-Engaging Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415673. [PMID: 36555321 PMCID: PMC9779728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tyro, Axl, and MerTK receptors (TAMRs) play a significant role in the clearance of apoptotic cells. In this work, the spotlight was set on MerTK, as it is one of the prominent TAMRs expressed on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. MerTK-specific antibodies were previously isolated from a transgenic rat-derived immune library with suitable biophysical properties. Further characterisation resulted in an agonistic MerTK antibody that led to phospho AKT activation in a dose-dependent manner. In this proof-of-concept study, a MerTK-specific antibody, MerK28, was combined with tandem, biparatopic EGFR-binding VHH camelid antibody domains (7D9G) in different architectures to generate bispecific antibodies with the capacity to bind EGFR and MerTK simultaneously. The bispecific molecules exhibited appropriate binding properties with regard to both targets in their soluble forms as well as to cells, which resulted in the engagement of macrophage-like THP-1 cells with epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Furthermore, targeted phagocytosis in co-culture experiments was observed only with the bispecific variants and not the parental MerTK-binding antibody. This work paves the way for the generation of bispecific macrophage-engaging antibodies for targeted phagocytosis harnessing the immune-modulating roles of MerTK in immunotherapy.
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Zhang C, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang F. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display technology: Strategies for improvement and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1056804. [PMID: 36568309 PMCID: PMC9767963 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1056804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell surface display technology provides a powerful platform for engineering proteins/peptides with enhanced properties. Compared to the classical intracellular and extracellular expression (secretion) systems, this technology avoids enzyme purification, substrate transport processes, and is an effective solution to enzyme instability. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to cell surface display as a common cell factory for the production of various fuels and chemicals, with the advantages of large cell size, being a Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) organism, and post-translational processing of secreted proteins. In this review, we describe various strategies for constructing modified S. cerevisiae using cell surface display technology and outline various applications of this technology in industrial processes, such as biofuels and chemical products, environmental pollution treatment, and immunization processes. The approaches for enhancing the efficiency of cell surface display are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, China,International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Fei Wang,
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