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Narayanasamy A, Patel SKS, Singh N, Rohit MV, Lee JK. Valorization of Algal Biomass to Produce Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Recent Updates, Challenges, and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2227. [PMID: 39125253 PMCID: PMC11314723 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are highly desirable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics owing to their biodegradable nature. The production of bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), has been widely reported using various bacterial cultures with substrates ranging from pure to biowaste-derived sugars. However, large-scale production and economic feasibility are major limiting factors. Now, using algal biomass for PHA production offers a potential solution to these challenges with a significant environmental benefit. Algae, with their unique ability to utilize carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas (GHG) and wastewater as feed for growth, can produce value-added products in the process and, thereby, play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. The sugar recovery efficiency from algal biomass is highly variable depending on pretreatment procedures due to inherent compositional variability among their cell walls. Additionally, the yields, composition, and properties of synthesized PHA vary significantly among various microbial PHA producers from algal-derived sugars. Therefore, the microalgal biomass pretreatments and synthesis of PHA copolymers still require considerable investigation to develop an efficient commercial-scale process. This review provides an overview of the microbial potential for PHA production from algal biomass and discusses strategies to enhance PHA production and its properties, focusing on managing GHGs and promoting a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Narayanasamy
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India; (A.N.); (N.S.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Singh
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India; (A.N.); (N.S.); (M.V.R.)
| | - M. V. Rohit
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India; (A.N.); (N.S.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Ali SS, Hassan LHS, El-Sheekh M. Microalgae-mediated bioremediation: current trends and opportunities-a review. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:343. [PMID: 38967670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a critical global challenge, and traditional wastewater treatment methods often prove inadequate in addressing the complexity and scale of this issue. On the other hand, microalgae exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities that enable them to remediate a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and excess nutrients. By leveraging the unique metabolic pathways of microalgae, innovative strategies can be developed to effectively remediate polluted environments. Therefore, this review paper highlights the potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. It also highlights the advantages of utilizing microalgae and algae-bacteria co-cultures for large-scale bioremediation applications, demonstrating impressive biomass production rates and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency. The promising potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation is emphasized, presenting a viable and innovative alternative to traditional treatment methods in addressing the global challenge of environmental pollution. This review identifies the opportunities and challenges for microalgae-based technology and proposed suggestions for future studies to tackle challenges. The findings of this review advance our understanding of the potential of microalgae-based technology wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa H S Hassan
- Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Feng S, Xie X, Liu J, Li A, Wang Q, Guo D, Li S, Li Y, Wang Z, Guo T, Zhou J, Tang DYY, Show PL. A potential paradigm in CRISPR/Cas systems delivery: at the crossroad of microalgal gene editing and algal-mediated nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:370. [PMID: 37817254 PMCID: PMC10563294 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae as the photosynthetic organisms offer enormous promise in a variety of industries, such as the generation of high-value byproducts, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and others. With the rapid advancement of gene editing technology, CRISPR/Cas system has evolved into an effective tool that revolutionised the genetic engineering of microalgae due to its robustness, high target specificity, and programmability. However, due to the lack of robust delivery system, the efficacy of gene editing is significantly impaired, limiting its application in microalgae. Nanomaterials have become a potential delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas systems due to their advantages of precise targeting, high stability, safety, and improved immune system. Notably, algal-mediated nanoparticles (AMNPs), especially the microalgae-derived nanoparticles, are appealing as a sustainable delivery platform because of their biocompatibility and low toxicity in a homologous relationship. In addition, living microalgae demonstrated effective and regulated distribution into specified areas as the biohybrid microrobots. This review extensively summarised the uses of CRISPR/Cas systems in microalgae and the recent developments of nanoparticle-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. A systematic description of the properties and uses of AMNPs, microalgae-derived nanoparticles, and microalgae microrobots has also been discussed. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future research directions for the development of gene-edited microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Imbimbo P, D’Elia L, Corrado I, Alvarez-Rivera G, Marzocchella A, Ibáñez E, Pezzella C, Branco dos Santos F, Monti DM. An Alternative Exploitation of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803: A Cascade Approach for the Recovery of High Added-Value Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073144. [PMID: 37049907 PMCID: PMC10095798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biomass represents a very interesting biological feedstock to be converted into several high-value products in a biorefinery approach. In this study, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was used to obtain different classes of molecules: proteins, carotenoids and lipids by using a cascade approach. In particular, the protein extract showed a selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, whereas carotenoids were found to be active as antioxidants both in vitro and on a cell-based model. Finally, for the first time, lipids were recovered from Synechocystis biomass as the last class of molecules and were successfully used as an alternative substrate for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by the native PHA producer Pseudomonas resinovorans. Taken together, our results lead to a significant increase in the valorization of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 biomass, thus allowing a possible offsetting of the process costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Elia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Marzocchella
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Filipe Branco dos Santos
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Transformation of Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Chlorella–Fungus Mixed Biomass into Poly(hydroxyalkanoates). Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of poly(hydroxylalkanoates) (PHA) is limited by the high cost of the feedstock since various biomass wastes look attractive as possible sources for polymer production. The originality of this present study is in the biotransformation of mixed Chlorella-based substrates into PHAs. The synthetic potential of Cupriavidus necator B8619 cells was studied during the bioconversion of algae biomass in mixtures with spent immobilized mycelium of different fungi (genus Rhizopus and Aspergillus) into PHAs. The biomass of both microalgae Chlorella and fungus cells was accumulated due to the use of the microorganisms in the processes of food wastewater treatment. The biosorption of Chlorella cells by fungal mycelium was carried out to obtain mixed biomass samples (the best ratio of “microalgae:fungi” was 2:1) to convert them by C. necator B8619 into the PHA. The influence of conditions used for the pretreatment of microalgae and mixed types of biomass on their conversion to PHA was estimated. It was found that the maximum yield of reducing sugars (39.4 ± 1.8 g/L) can be obtained from the mechanical destruction of cells by using further enzymatic hydrolysis. The effective use of the enzymatic complex was revealed for the hydrolytic disintegration of treated biomass. The rate of the conversion of mixed substrates into the biopolymer (440 ± 13 mg/L/h) appeared significantly higher compared to similar known examples of complex substrates used for C. necator cells.
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Gutschmann B, Huang B, Santolin L, Thiele I, Neubauer P, Riedel SL. Native feedstock options for the polyhydroxyalkanoate industry in Europe: A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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