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Dong X, Zhang J, Li W, Li Y, Jia L, Liu Z, Fu W, Zhang A. Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi regulates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and protects against proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:356-366. [PMID: 38720666 PMCID: PMC11085992 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2345080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that treats chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its efficacy in reducing proteinuria and underlying mechanisms is unknown. OBJECTIVE This single-center randomized controlled trial explored whether YSHS could improve proteinuria and modulate the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 CKD patients were enrolled and randomized to receive the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor plus YSHS (n = 56) or RAAS inhibitor (n = 47) alone for 4 months, and 103 patients completed the study. We collected baseline and follow-up fecal samples and clinical outcomes from participants. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and the fecal microbiome was analyzed using bioinformatics. RESULTS Patients in the intervention group had a significantly higher decrease in 24-h proteinuria. After 4 months of the YSHS intervention, the relative abundance of bacteria that have beneficial effects on the body, such as Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, and Sutterella increased significantly, while pathogenic bacteria such as the Eggerthella and Clostridium innocuum group decreased. However, we could not find these changes in the control group. Redundancy analysis showed that the decline in 24-h proteinuria during follow-up was significantly correlated with various taxa of gut bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae and the Lachnoclostridium genus in the YSHS group. KEGG analysis also showed the potential role of YSHS in regulating glycan, lipid, and vitamin metabolism. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The YSHS granule reduced proteinuria associated with mitigating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in CKD patients. The definite mechanisms of YSHS to improve proteinuria need to be further explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2300076136, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linpei Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mu YF, Gao ZX, Mao ZH, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Perspectives on the involvement of the gut microbiota in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01747-y. [PMID: 38877311 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity hypertension (SSH) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular event-related death. Despite the extensiveness of research on hypertension, which covers areas such as the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin system, the vascular system, and the immune system, its pathogenesis remains elusive, with sub-optimal blood pressure control in patients. The gut microbiota is an important component of nutritional support and constitutes a barrier in the host. Long-term high salt intake can lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and cause significant changes in the expression of gut microbiota-related metabolites. Of these metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine oxide, amino acids, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharide are essential mediators of microbe-host crosstalk. These metabolites may contribute to the incidence and development of SSH via inflammatory, immune, vascular, and nervous pathways, among others. In addition, recent studies, including those on the histone deacetylase inhibitory mechanism of SCFAs and the blood pressure-decreasing effects of H2S via vascular activation, suggest that several proteins and factors in the classical pathway elicit their effects through multiple non-classical pathways. This review summarizes changes in the gut microbiota and its related metabolites in high-salt environments, as well as corresponding treatment methods for SSH, such as diet management, probiotic and prebiotic use, antibiotic use, and fecal transplantation, to provide new insights and perspectives for understanding SSH pathogenesis and the development of strategies for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Mu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li S, Zhang YX. Sensitive delivery systems and novel encapsulation technologies for live biotherapeutic products and probiotics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:371-384. [PMID: 37074732 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2202237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic product (LBP), a type of biological product, holds promise for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disease and pathogenic infection. Probiotics are live microorganisms that improve the intestinal microbial balance and beneficially affect the health of the host when ingested in sufficient numbers. These biological products possess the advantages of inhibition of pathogens, degradation of toxins, and modulation of immunity. The application of LBP and probiotic delivery systems has attracted great interest to researchers. The initial used technologies for LBP and probiotic encapsulation are traditional capsules and microcapsules. However, the stability and targeted delivery capability require further improved. The specific sensitive materials can greatly improve the delivery efficiency of LBPs and probiotics. The specific sensitive delivery systems show advantages over traditional ones due to their better properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, innocuousness, and stability. Moreover, some new technologies, including layer-by-layer encapsulation, polyelectrolyte complexation, and electrohydrodynamic technology, show great potential in LBP and probiotic delivery. In this review, novel delivery systems and new technologies of LBPs and probiotics were presented, and the challenges and prospects were explored in specific sensitive materials for LBP and probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Koh YC, Chang YC, Lin WS, Leung SY, Chen WJ, Wu SH, Wei YS, Gung CL, Chou YC, Pan MH. Efficacy and Mechanism of the Action of Live and Heat-Killed Bacillus coagulans BC198 as Potential Probiotic in Ameliorating Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10253-10266. [PMID: 38463297 PMCID: PMC10918820 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease alters the gut microbiota, causes defects in mucosal barrier function, and leads to dysregulation of the immune response to microbial stimulation. This study investigated and compared the efficacy of a candidate probiotic strain, Bacillus coagulans BC198, and its heat-killed form in treating dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Both live and heat-killed B. coagulans BC198 increased gut barrier-associated protein expression, reduced neutrophil and M1 macrophage infiltration of colon tissue, and corrected gut microbial dysbiosis induced by colitis. However, only live B. coagulans BC198 could alleviate the general symptoms of colitis, prevent colon shortening, and suppress inflammation and tissue damage. At the molecular level, live B. coagulans BC198 was able to inhibit Th17 cells while promoting Treg cells in mice with colitis, reduce pro-inflammatory MCP-1 production, and increase anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression in the colonic mucosa. The live form of B. coagulans BC198 functioned more effectively than the heat-killed form in ameliorating colitis by enhancing the anti-inflammatory response and promoting Treg cell accumulation in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Chang
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Quemoy 892, Taiwan
| | - Siu-Yi Leung
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Biotech
Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744094, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Huei Wu
- Biotech
Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744094, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Research
and Development Department, Syngen Biotech
Co., Ltd., Tainan 744094, Taiwan
| | - Chiau-Ling Gung
- Research
and Development Department, Syngen Biotech
Co., Ltd., Tainan 744094, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chou
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute
of Food Sciences and Technology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Department
of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia
University, Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
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Kim H, Jeong EJ, Hwang B, Lee HD, Lee S, Jang M, Yeo K, Shin Y, Park S, Lim WT, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Pharmacological effects of biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich preparation (AceCK40) on the colitis symptoms in DSS-induced Caco-2 cells and C57BL mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155301. [PMID: 38181531 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the notable pharmacological potential of natural ginsenosides, their industrial application is hindered by low oral bioavailability. Recent research centers on the production of less-glycosylated minor ginsenosides. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of a biologically synthesized ginsenoside CK-rich minor ginsenoside complex (AceCK40), on ameliorating colitis using DSS-induced colitis models in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The ginsenoside composition of AceCK40 was determined by HPLC-ELSD and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses. In vitro colitis model was established using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced Caco-2 intestinal epithelial model. For in vivo experiments, DSS-induced severe colitis mouse model was established. RESULTS In DSS-stimulated Caco-2 cells, AceCK40 downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation (p < 0.05), inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production (p < 0.05), and enhanced MUC2 expression (p < 0.05), mediated via signaling pathway regulation. Daily AceCK40 administration at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg/day was well tolerated by DSS-induced severe colitis mice. These doses led to significant alleviation of disease activity index score (> 36.0% decrease, p < 0.05), increased luminal immunoglobulin (Ig)G (> 37.6% increase, p < 0.001) and IgA (> 33.8% increase, p < 0.001), lowered interleukin (IL)-6 (> 65.7% decrease, p < 0.01) and MCP-1 (> 116.2% decrease, p < 0.05), as well as elevated serum IgA (> 51.4% increase, p < 0.001) and lowered serum IL-6 (112.3% decrease at 30 mg/kg, p < 0.001). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed that DSS-mediated thickening of the muscular externa, extensive submucosal edema, crypt distortion, and decreased mucin droplets were significantly alleviated by AceCK40 administration. Additionally, daily administration of AceCK40 led to significant recovery of colonic tight junctions damaged by DSS through the elevation in the expression of adhesion molecules, including occludin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. CONCLUSION This study presents the initial evidence elucidating the anti-colitis effects of AceCK40 and its underlying mechanism of action through sequential in vitro and in vivo systems employing DSS stimulation. Our findings provide valuable fundamental data for the utilization of AceCK40 in the development of novel anti-colitis candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Byungdoo Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Hak-Dong Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kwangeun Yeo
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yunjeong Shin
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Wan Taek Lim
- Research Institute, AceEMzyme, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, South Korea.
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Godala M, Gaszyńska E, Walczak K, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Role of Serum Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-10 in Assessment of Disease Activity and Nutritional Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5956. [PMID: 37762896 PMCID: PMC10532332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterised by multifactorial and chronic inflammation. Much attention has been paid to immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of serum IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 in determining the activity and nutritional status in IBD patients. The case-control study was carried out on 82 patients with IBD; the control group consisted of 25 clinically healthy subjects. The serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1 β and IL-10 were determined by the quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were no significant differences in IL-6 and IL-1β levels in UC and CD patients according to disease activity as assessed by the Montreal classification, Partial Mayo Score and CDAI. Significantly higher IL-6 levels were found in patients with low body fat in comparison to patients with normal body fat. Furthermore, significantly higher mean IL-6 levels were observed in patients with excess body fat in comparison to patients with normal body fat, and also in comparison to patients with deficient body fat. IL-6 and IL-1β may provide extra information regarding the nutritional status of IBD patients. IL-10 can be considered a non-invasive biomarker of IBD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Godala
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Gaszyńska
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Konrad Walczak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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Li B, Guo Y, Jia X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230785. [PMID: 37693835 PMCID: PMC10487402 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and associated with metabolic imbalance. Luteolin (LUT) reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, its regulatory effects on metabolites remain indistinct. Here, the effects of LUT on immune response and oxidative stress in UC were determined. Serum metabolomics profiles of UC rats treated with LUT were obtained utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that LUT treatment alleviated colon tissue injury, colon shortening, weight loss, and inflammatory response in UC rats. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were elevated, but malondialdehyde content was reduced in serum of UC rats, while these changes were abrogated by LUT. Metabolomics analysis unveiled that l-malic acid, creatinine, l-glutamine, and l-lactic acid levels were remarkably decreased, while dimethyl sulfone, 5-methylcytosine, cysteine-S-sulfate, and jasmonic acid levels were notably increased after LUT treatment. Furthermore, differential metabolites primarily participated in d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and citrate cycle pathways. In summary, these results demonstrated that LUT improved immune response, alleviated oxidative stress, and altered metabolites in UC rats. This study lays the root for further exploring the mechanism of LUT in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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