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Yang J, Yang L, Zhao F, Ye C, Han S. De novo biosynthesis of β-Arbutin in Komagataella phaffii based on metabolic engineering strategies. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:261. [PMID: 39350198 PMCID: PMC11440761 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Arbutin, found in the leaves of bearberry, stands out as one of the globally acknowledged eco-friendly whitening additives in recent years. However, the natural abundance of β-Arbutin is low, and the cost-effectiveness of using chemical synthesis or plant extraction methods is low, which cannot meet the requirements. While modifying the β-Arbutin synthesis pathway of existing strains is a viable option, it is hindered by the limited synthesis capacity of these strains, which hinders further development and application. RESULTS In this study, we established a biosynthetic pathway in Komagataella phaffii for β-Arbutin production with a titer of 1.58 g/L. Through diverse metabolic strategies, including fusion protein construction, enhancing shikimate pathway flux, and augmenting precursor supplies (PEP, E4P, and UDPG), we significantly increased β-Arbutin titer to 4.32 g/L. Further optimization of methanol concentration in shake flasks led to a titer of 6.32 g/L titer after 120 h of fermentation, representing a fourfold increase over the initial titer. In fed-batch fermentation, strain UA3-10 set a record with the highest production to date, reaching 128.6 g/L in a 5 L fermenter. CONCLUSIONS This is the highest yield in the fermentation tank level of using microbial cell factories for de novo synthesis of β-Arbutin. Applying combinatorial engineering strategies has significantly improved the β-Arbutin yield in K. phaffii and is a promising approach for synthesizing functional products using a microbial cell factory. This study not only advances low-cost fermentation-based production of β-Arbutin but also establishes K. phaffii as a promising chassis cell for synthesizing other aromatic amino acid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengguang Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunting Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li C, Wu B, Wang W, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhu G, Xie S, Jiang Q, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Zou L. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses of the Biosynthesis of Arbutin and 6'- O-Caffeoylarbutin in Vaccinium dunalianum Cell Suspension Cultures Fed with Hydroquinone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7760. [PMID: 39063002 PMCID: PMC11277349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbutin and 6'-O-caffeoylarbutin (CA) from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight are known for their ability to inhibit melanin synthesis. To boost the production of arbutin and CA, precursor feeding with hydroquinone (HQ) was studied in V. dunalianum suspension cells. The effect of HQ on the biosynthesis of arbutin and CA in the suspension cells was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and possible molecular mechanisms were analyzed using metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. HPLC analysis only showed that the addition of HQ significantly enhanced arbutin synthesis in cells, peaking at 15.52 ± 0.28 mg·g-1 after 0.5 mmol·L-1 HQ treatment for 12 h. Subsequently, metabolomics identified 78 differential expression metabolites (DEMs), of which arbutin and CA were significantly up-regulated metabolites. Moreover, transcriptomics found a total of 10,628 differential expression genes (DEGs). The integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that HQ significantly enhanced the expression of two arbutin synthase (AS) genes (Unigene0063512 and Unigene0063513), boosting arbutin synthesis. Additionally, it is speculated that CA was generated from arbutin and 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid catalyzed by caffeoyl transferase, with Unigene0044545, Unigene0043539, and Unigene0017356 as potentially associated genes with CA synthesis. These findings indicate that the precursor feeding strategy offers a promising approach for the mass production of arbutin and CA in V. dunalianum suspension cells and provides new insights for CA biosynthesis in V. dunalianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churan Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Boxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Guolei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Sida Xie
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
| | - Yong Ding
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lihua Zou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.L.); (B.W.); (W.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.); (S.X.); (Q.J.)
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Zhang B, Gou K, Xu K, Li Z, Guo X, Wu X. De novo biosynthesis of β-arbutin in Corynebacterium glutamicum via pathway engineering and process optimization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:88. [PMID: 38918796 PMCID: PMC11197339 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside found in pears, bearberry leaves, and various plants, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. β-Arbutin has wide applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the limited availability of high-performance strains limits the biobased production of β-arbutin. RESULTS This study established the β-arbutin biosynthetic pathway in C. glutamicum ATCC13032 by introducing codon-optimized ubiC, MNX1, and AS. Additionally, the production titer of β-arbutin was increased by further inactivation of csm and trpE to impede the competitive metabolic pathway. Further modification of the upstream metabolic pathway and supplementation of UDP-glucose resulted in the final engineered strain, C. glutamicum AR11, which achieved a β-arbutin production titer of 7.94 g/L in the optimized fermentation medium. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first successful instance of de novo β-arbutin production in C. glutamicum, offering a chassis cell for β-arbutin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Kexin Gou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
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Pop CE, Coste A, Vlase AM, Deliu C, Tămaș M, Casian T, Vlase L. Selection of a Digitalis purpurea Cell Line with Improved Bioconversion Capacity of Hydroquinone into Arbutin. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38255699 PMCID: PMC10820698 DOI: 10.3390/life14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the biotransformation capabilities of a hydroquinone-tolerant Digitalis purpurea cell line (DpHQ) for bioconverting hydroquinone (HQ) into arbutin, a compound with significant therapeutic and cosmetic applications. The research evaluated the influence of various HQ concentrations, feeding protocols, and carbon sources on arbutin bioconversion yield. By using HPLC-MS for the quantification of arbutin in biomass and medium, the study revealed that higher precursor (HQ) concentration led to a more pronounced growth inhibition under single dosing than sequential dosing. At lower sugar (3%) and precursor (4 mM HQ) levels, arbutin predominantly remained within the cells, whereas higher sugar (6%) and HQ (5-6 mM) levels promoted its release into the medium. Arbutin production ranged from 591 mg/L under single dosing to 3049 mg/L with sequential dosing, with the highest yield being achieved with 5 mM HQ in divided doses and 6% glucose. This study holds novelty for being the first to demonstrate the DpHQ's tolerance to high concentrations of HQ and its efficient capabilities to bioconvert HQ to arbutin, indicating that D. purpurea is equipped with the enzymes required for this process. These aspects highlight its potential as a biotechnological source for arbutin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Pop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ana Coste
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, National Institute for Research and Development in Biological Sciences, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Constantin Deliu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, National Institute for Research and Development in Biological Sciences, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tămaș
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.C.); (L.V.)
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5
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In KR, Kang MA, Kim SD, Shin J, Kang SU, Park TJ, Kim SJ, Lee JS. Anhydrous Alum Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis by Down-Regulating MITF via Dual Modulation of CREB and ERK. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14662. [PMID: 37834109 PMCID: PMC10572554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis, the intricate process of melanin synthesis, is central to skin pigmentation and photoprotection and is regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. To develop potential skin-whitening agents, we used B16F1 melanoma cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of anhydrous alum on melanogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Anhydrous alum (KAl(SO4)2) with high purity (>99%), which is generated through the heat-treatment of hydrated alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) at 400 °C, potentiates a significant reduction in melanin content without cytotoxicity. Anhydrous alum downregulates the master regulator of melanogenesis, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which targets key genes involved in melanogenesis, thereby inhibiting α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis. Phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein, which acts as a co-activator of MITF gene expression, is attenuated by anhydrous alum, resulting in compromised MITF transcription. Notably, anhydrous alum promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, leading to the impaired nuclear localization of MITF. Overall, these results demonstrated the generation and mode of action of anhydrous alum in B16F1 cells, which constitutes a promising option for cosmetic or therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ree In
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Dong Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Techapun C, Sommanee S, Mahakuntha C, Feng J, Htike SL, Khemacheewakul J, Porninta K, Phimolsiripol Y, Wang W, Zhuang X, Qi W, Jantanasakulwong K, Nunta R, Leksawasdi N. Production of Phenylacetylcarbinol via Biotransformation Using the Co-Culture of Candida tropicalis TISTR 5306 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5606 as the Biocatalyst. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:928. [PMID: 37755036 PMCID: PMC10533076 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) is a precursor for the synthesis of several pharmaceuticals, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norephedrine. PAC is commonly produced through biotransformation using microbial pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) in the form of frozen-thawed whole cells. However, the lack of microorganisms capable of high PDC activity is the main factor in the production of PAC. In addition, researchers are also looking for ways to utilize agro-industrial residues as an inexpensive carbon source through an integrated biorefinery approach in which sugars can be utilized for bioethanol production and frozen-thawed whole cells for PAC synthesis. In the present study, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the co-culture of both strains were compared for their biomass and ethanol concentrations, as well as for their volumetric and specific PDC activities when cultivated in a sugarcane bagasse (SCB) hydrolysate medium (SCBHM). The co-culture that resulted in a higher level of PAC (8.65 ± 0.08 mM) with 26.4 ± 0.9 g L-1 ethanol production was chosen for further experiments. Biomass production was scaled up to 100 L and the kinetic parameters were studied. The biomass harvested from the bioreactor was utilized as frozen-thawed whole cells for the selection of an initial pyruvate (Pyr)-to-benzaldehyde (Bz) concentration ([Pyr]/[Bz]) ratio suitable for the PAC biotransformation in a single-phase emulsion system. The initial [Pyr]/[Bz] at 100/120 mM resulted in higher PAC levels with 10.5 ± 0.2 mM when compared to 200/240 mM (8.60 ± 0.01 mM). A subsequent two-phase emulsion system with Pyr in the aqueous phase, Bz in the organic phase, and frozen-thawed whole cells of the co-culture as the biocatalyst produced a 1.46-fold higher PAC level when compared to a single-phase emulsion system. In addition, the cost analysis strategy indicated preliminary costs of USD 0.82 and 1.01/kg PAC for the single-phase and two-phase emulsion systems, respectively. The results of the present study suggested that the co-culture of C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae can effectively produce bioethanol and PAC from SCB and would decrease the overall production cost on an industrial scale utilizing the two-phase emulsion system with the proposed multiple-pass strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasu Kumar
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - Charin Techapun
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sumeth Sommanee
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chatchadaporn Mahakuntha
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Juan Feng
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Su Lwin Htike
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Julaluk Khemacheewakul
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kritsadaporn Porninta
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.W.); (X.Z.); (W.Q.)
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Rojarej Nunta
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Division of Food Innovation and Business, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang 52100, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (A.K.); (C.T.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (J.F.); (S.L.H.); (J.K.); (K.P.); (Y.P.); (K.J.)
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Shen Y, Xia Y, Chen X. Research progress and application of enzymatic synthesis of glycosyl compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12652-8. [PMID: 37428188 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucoside compounds are widely found in nature and have garnered significant attention in the medical, cosmetics, and food industries due to their diverse pharmaceutical properties, biological activities, and stable application characteristics. Glycosides are mainly obtained by direct extraction from plants, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic synthesis. Given the challenges associated with plant extraction, such as low conversion rates and the potential for environmental pollution with chemical synthesis, our review focuses on enzymatic synthesis. Here, we reviewed the enzymatic synthesis methods of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), 2-O-α-D-glucosyl glycerol (α-GG), arbutin and α-glucosyl hesperidin (Hsp-G), and other glucoside compounds. The types of enzymes selected in the synthesis process are comprehensively analyzed and summarized, as well as a series of enzyme transformation strategies adopted to improve the synthetic yield. KEY POINTS: • Glycosyl compounds have applications in the biomedical and food industries. • Enzymatic synthesis converts substrates into products using enzymes as catalysts. • Substrate bias and specificity are key to improving substrate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Ao J, Pan X, Wang Q, Zhang H, Ren K, Jiang A, Zhang X, Rao Z. Efficient Whole-Cell Biotransformation for α-Arbutin Production through the Engineering of Sucrose Phosphorylase Combined with Engineered Cell Modification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2438-2445. [PMID: 36701314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Arbutin is extensively used in cosmetic industries. The lack of highly active enzymes and the cytotoxicity of hydroquinone limit the biosynthesis of α-arbutin. In this study, a whole-cell biocatalytic approach based on enzyme engineering and engineered cell modification was identified as effective in enhancing α-arbutin production. First, a sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) mutant with higher enzyme activity was obtained by experimental screening. Next, to avoid the oxidation of hydroquinone, we established an anaerobic process to improve the robustness of the cells by knocking out lytC, sdpC, and skfA in Bacillus subtilis and overcoming the inhibitory effect of a high concentration of hydroquinone. Finally, the engineered strain was used for biotransformation in a 5 L fermenter with batch feeding for 24 h. The final yield of α-arbutin achieved was 129.6 g/L, which may provide a basis for the large-scale industrial production of α-arbutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwei Ao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - An Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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An N, Xie C, Zhou S, Wang J, Sun X, Yan Y, Shen X, Yuan Q. Establishing a growth-coupled mechanism for high-yield production of β-arbutin from glycerol in Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128491. [PMID: 36529444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel production has increased significantly in recent years, leading to an increase in the production of crude glycerol. In this study, a novel growth-coupled erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) formation strategy that can be used to produce high levels of β-arbutin using engineered Escherichia coli and glycerol as the carbon source was developed. In the strategy, E4P formation was coupled with cell growth, and a growth-driving force made the E4P formation efficient. By applying this strategy, efficient microbial synthesis of β-arbutin was achieved, with 7.91 g/L β-arbutin produced in shaking flask, and 28.1 g/L produced in a fed batch fermentation with a yield of 0.20 g/g glycerol and a productivity of 0.39 g/L/h. This is the highest β-arbutin production through microbial fermentation ever reported to date. This study may have significant implications in the large-scale production of β-arbutin as well as other aromatic compounds of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shubin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Nahar L, Al-Groshi A, Kumar A, Sarker SD. Arbutin: Occurrence in Plants, and Its Potential as an Anticancer Agent. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248786. [PMID: 36557918 PMCID: PMC9787540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside, has been detected in ca. 50 plant families, especially in the plants of the Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Proteaceae and Rosaceae families. It is one of the most widely used natural skin-whitening agents. In addition to its skin whitening property, arbutin possesses other therapeutically relevant biological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer potential. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the distribution of arbutin in the plant kingdom and critically appraises its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent based on the literature published until the end of August 2022, accessed via several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Science Direct, Dictionary of Natural Products, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were arbutin, cancer, anticancer, distribution and hydroquinone. Published outputs suggest that arbutin has potential anticancer properties against bladder, bone, brain, breast, cervix, colon, liver, prostate and skin cancers and a low level of acute or chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or (L.N.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Afaf Al-Groshi
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli 42300, Libya
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Government V. Y. T. PG Autonomous College, Durg 491001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Correspondence: or (L.N.); (S.D.S.)
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Uto T, Tung NH, Shoyama Y. Hirsutanone Isolated from the Bark of Alnus japonica Attenuates Melanogenesis via Dual Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity and Expression of Melanogenic Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1875. [PMID: 35890509 PMCID: PMC9321039 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hirsutanone (Hir) and oregonin (Ore) are diarylheptanoids isolated from the bark of Alnus japonica. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of Hir and Ore in B16-F1 murine melanoma and normal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-DP) and elucidated the mechanisms of action. In B16-F1 cells, Hir and Ore suppressed melanin synthesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) without cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of Hir on melanin synthesis was much stronger than that of Ore. In addition, Hir reduced melanin content in HEMn-DP cells. As tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, the effect of Hir on tyrosinase activity was assessed. The results demonstrated that Hir partially decreased tyrosinase activity and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Moreover, Hir suppressed the protein expression of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, leading to reduced melanin biosynthesis. Hir also led to the suppression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which control the expression of melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that Hir suppressed melanin synthesis by dual inhibition of tyrosinase activity and the CREB/MITF pathway leading to the expression of melanogenic enzymes and may be a potent cosmetic and therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan;
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan;
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