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Xie S, Cui L, Liu J, Qing P, Li J. Impact of screw tip design on screw anchorage: mechanical testing and numerical simulation. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:447. [PMID: 39080768 PMCID: PMC11287948 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screw loosening is a commonly reported issue following spinal screw fixation and can lead to various complications. The initial cause of screw loosening is biomechanical deterioration. Previous studies have demonstrated that modifications in screw design can impact the local biomechanical environment, specifically the stress distribution on bone-screw interfaces. There are several different designs of screw tips available for clinically used pedicle screws; however, it remains unclear whether these variations affect the local stress distribution and subsequent screw anchorage ability. METHODS This study conducted comprehensive biomechanical research using polyurethane foam mechanical tests and corresponding numerical simulations to investigate this topic. Models of pedicle screw-fixed osteoporotic polyurethane foam were created with two different clinically used screw tip designs (flat and steep) featuring varying tip lengths, taper angles, and diameters, as well as identical flank overlap areas and thread designs. The anchorage ability of the different models was assessed through toggle and pull-out test. Additionally, numerical mechanical models were utilized to compute the stress distributions at the screw and bone-screw interfaces in the different models. RESULTS Mechanical tests revealed superior anchorage ability in models utilizing flat-tipped screws. Furthermore, numerical modeling indicated improved anchorage ability and reduced stress concentration tendency in these models. CONCLUSION Changes in screw tip design can significantly impact the biomechanical anchoring capability of screws. Specifically, flatter tip pedicle screws may mitigate the risk of screw loosening by alleviating stress concentration on bone-screw interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Xie
- Department of Spine surgery, Mianyang Orthopedic Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621052, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Cui
- Department of Spine surgery, Mianyang Orthopedic Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621052, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Peidong Qing
- Department of Spine surgery, Mianyang Orthopedic Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621052, P.R. China.
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, P.R. China.
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Huang C, Xu W, Ye X, Hong W, Xu Y, Liu Z, Li J. Changes in nail position and antirotation blade angles on the risk of femoral head varus in PFNA fixed patients: a clinical review and comprehensive biomechanical research. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:336. [PMID: 38890700 PMCID: PMC11186283 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoral head varus triggers poor clinical prognosis in intertrochanteric fracture patients with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation. Studies present that changes in nail position and screw insertion angles will affect fixation stability, but the biomechanical significance of these factors on the risk of femoral head varus has yet to be identified in PFNA fixed patients. METHODS Clinical data in PFNA fixed intertrochanteric fracture patients have been reviewed, the relative position of intermedullary nail has been judged in the instant postoperative lateral radiography. Regression analyses have been performed to identify the effect of this factor on femoral head varus. Corresponding biomechanical mechanism has been identified by numerical mechanical simulations. RESULTS A clinical review revealed that ventral side nail insertion can trigger higher risk of femoral head varus, corresponding numerical mechanical simulations also recorded poor fixation stability in models with ventral side nail insertion, and changes in the trajectory of anti-rotation blade will not obviously affect this tendency. CONCLUSIONS Ventral side insertion of intramedullary nail can trigger higher risk of femoral head varus in PFNA fixed patients by deteriorating the instant postoperative biomechanical environment, and changes in blade trajectory cannot change this tendency biomechanically. Therefore, this nail position should be adjusted to optimize patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cha X, Zhou Q, Li J, Xu H, Xu W, Li J. Extending the intermedullary nail will not reduce the potential risk of femoral head varus in PFNA patients biomechanically: a clinical review and corresponding numerical simulation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:405. [PMID: 38783225 PMCID: PMC11112938 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Femoral head varus is an important complication in intertrochanteric fracture patients treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) fixation. Theoretically, extending the length of the intramedullary nail could optimize fixation stability by lengthening the force arm. However, whether extending the nail length can optimize patient prognosis is unclear. In this study, a review of imaging data from intertrochanteric fracture patients with PFNA fixation was performed, and the length of the intramedullary nail in the femoral trunk and the distance between the lesser trochanter and the distal locking screw were measured. The femoral neck varus status was judged at the 6-month follow-up. The correlation coefficients between nail length and femoral neck varus angle were computed, and linear regression analysis was used to determine whether a change in nail length was an independent risk factor for femoral neck varus. Moreover, the biomechanical effects of different nail lengths on PFNA fixation stability and local stress distribution have also been verified by numerical mechanical simulations. Clinical review revealed that changes in nail length were not significantly correlated with femoral head varus and were also not an independent risk factor for this complication. In addition, only slight biomechanical changes can be observed in the numerical simulation results. Therefore, commonly used intramedullary nails should be able to meet the needs of PFNA-fixed patients, and additional procedures for longer nail insertion may be unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jujie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Luzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210028, P.R. China.
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P.R. China.
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Zhang J, Wan S, Luo X, Zhang C, Wu C, He L, Li J. Increasing the angle between caudal screw and the transverse plane may aggravate the risk of femoral head necrosis by deteriorating the fixation stability in patients with femoral neck fracture. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:170. [PMID: 38475888 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrosis of the femoral head is the main complication in femoral neck fracture patients with triangle cannulated screw fixation. Instant postoperative fixation instability is a main reason for the higher risk of femoral head necrosis. Biomechanical studies have shown that cross screw fixation can effectively optimize fixation stability in patients with proximal humerus fractures and pedicle screw fixation, but whether this method can also effectively optimize the fixation stability of femoral neck fractures and reduce the corresponding risk of femoral head necrosis has yet to be identified. In this study, a retrospective review of imaging data in femoral neck fracture patients was performed. The cross angle between the femoral neck and the caudal cannulated screw was reported; if the angle between the screw and the transverse plane increased, it was recorded as positive; otherwise, it was recorded as negative. Angle values and their corresponding absolute values were compared in patients with and without femoral head necrosis. Regression analysis identified potential risk factors for femoral head necrosis. Moreover, the biomechanical effect of the screw-femoral neck angle on fixation stability was also verified by numerical mechanical simulations. Clinical review presented significantly larger positive angle values in patients with femoral head necrosis, which was also proven to be an independent risk factor for this complication. Moreover, fixation stability progressively deteriorated with increasing angle between the caudal screw and the transverse plane. Therefore, increasing the angle between the caudal screw and the transverse plane may aggravate the risk of femoral head necrosis by deteriorating the fixation stability in patients with femoral neck fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, NO.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Huang F, Huang G, Jia J, Lu S, Li J. Intraoperative capsule protection can reduce the potential risk of adjacent segment degeneration acceleration biomechanically: an in silico study. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:143. [PMID: 38365801 PMCID: PMC10870541 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capsule of the zygapophyseal joint plays an important role in motion segmental stability maintenance. Iatrogenic capsule injury is a common phenomenon in posterior approach lumbar interbody fusion operations, but whether this procedure will cause a higher risk of adjacent segment degeneration acceleration biomechanically has yet to be identified. METHODS Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with different grades of iatrogenic capsule injury was simulated in our calibrated and validated numerical model. By adjusting the cross-sectional area of the capsule, different grades of capsule injury were simulated. The stress distribution on the cranial motion segment was computed under different loading conditions to judge the potential risk of adjacent segment degeneration acceleration. RESULTS Compared to the PLIF model with an intact capsule, a stepwise increase in the stress value on the cranial motion segment can be observed with a step decrease in capsule cross-sectional areas. Moreover, compared to the difference between models with intact and slightly injured capsules, the difference in stress values was more evident between models with slight and severe iatrogenic capsule injury. CONCLUSION Intraoperative capsule protection can reduce the potential risk of adjacent segment degeneration acceleration biomechanically, and iatrogenic capsule damage on the cranial motion segment should be reduced to optimize patients' long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpengli Jia
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yang JX, Luo L, Liu JH, Wang N, Xi ZP, Li JC. Incomplete insertion of pedicle screws triggers a higher biomechanical risk of screw loosening: mechanical tests and corresponding numerical simulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1282512. [PMID: 38260754 PMCID: PMC10800439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Screw loosening is a widely reported issue after spinal screw fixation and triggers several complications. Biomechanical deterioration initially causes screw loosening. Studies have shown that incomplete insertion of pedicle screws increases the risk of screw breakage by deteriorating the local mechanical environment. However, whether this change has a biomechanical effect on the risk of screw loosening has not been determined. This study conducted comprehensive biomechanical research using polyurethane foam mechanical tests and corresponding numerical simulations to verify this topic. Pedicle screw-fixed polyurethane foam models with screws with four different insertion depths were constructed, and the screw anchoring ability of different models was verified by toggle tests with alternating and constant loads. Moreover, the stress distribution of screw and bone-screw interfaces in different models was computed in corresponding numerical mechanical models. Mechanical tests presented better screw anchoring ability with deeper screw insertion, but parameters presented no significant difference between groups with complete thread insertion. Correspondingly, higher stress values can be recorded in the model without complete thread insertion; the difference in stress values between models with complete thread insertion was relatively slight. Therefore, incomplete thread insertion triggers local stress concentration and the corresponding risk of screw loosening; completely inserting threads could effectively alleviate local stress concentration and result in the prevention of screw loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Hui Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Chi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Wu Z, Zhang Z, Xu A, Lu S, Cui C, Sun B, Liu Y. Anterior direct decompression significantly relieves spinal cord high signal in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a case-control study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:897. [PMID: 38001479 PMCID: PMC10675957 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, high cord signal (HCS) is frequently observed. However, limited research has investigated the variations in HCS improvement resulting from different surgical approaches. This study aims to explore the potential relationship between the choice of surgical approach and the postoperative improvement of intramedullary high signal in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) patients. METHODS We extensively reviewed the patients' medical records, based on which demographic information such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, and assessed the severity of the patients' neurological status preoperatively and postoperatively by using the Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOAs), focusing on consecutive preoperative and postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2WI measurements, to study the statistical correlation between the improvement of HCS and the choice of surgical approach. RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographic, imaging parameters, and clinical symptoms between patients undergoing anterior and posterior surgery (p > 0.05, Table 1). However, both improvement in JOAs (Recovery2) and improvement in HCS (CR2) were significantly better in the anterior surgery group two years after surgery (p < 0.05, Table 1). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that posterior surgery and higher preoperative signal change ratio (SCR) were identified as risk factors for poor HCS improvement at the two-year postoperative period (p < 0.05, Table 2). Table 1 Differences in demographic, imaging parameters, and clinical symptoms in patients with anterior and posterior approach Anterior approach Posterior approach P-Values Demographic data Sex (male/female) 10/12 6/17 0.175 Age 58.59 ± 5.68 61.43 ± 9.04 0.215 Hypertension 14/8 14/9 0.848 Diabetes 16/6 19/4 0.425 BMI 25.58 ± 4.72 26.95 ± 4.58 0.331 Smoking history 19/3 16/7 0.175 Preoperative measured imaging parameters Preoperative SCR 1.615 ± 0.369 1.668 ± 0.356 0.623 CR1 0.106 ± 0.125 0.011 ± 0.246 0.08 CNR 0.33 ± 0.073 0.368 ± 0.096 0.15 C2-7 Cobb angle 8.977 ± 10.818 13.862 ± 13.191 0.182 SVA 15.212 ± 8.024 17.46 ± 8.91 0.38 mK-line INT 3.694 ± 3.291 4.527 ± 2.227 0.323 Imaging follow-up 6 months postoperative SCR 1.45 ± 0.44 1.63 ± 0.397 0.149 2 years postoperative SCR 1.26 ± 0.19 1.65 ± 0.35 0.000** CR2 0.219 ± 0.14 - 0.012 ± 0.237 0.000** Clinical symptoms Preoperative JOAs 10.64 ± 1.59 10.83 ± 1.47 0.679 6 months postoperative JOAs 11.82 ± 1.37 11.65 ± 1.4 0.69 2 years postoperative JOAs 14.18 ± 1.01 12.52 ± 2.06 0.001** Recovery1 0.181 ± 0.109 0.128 ± 0.154 0.189 Recovery2 0.536 ± 0.178 0.278 ± 0.307 0.001** *, statistical significance (p < 0.05). **, statistical significance (p < 0.01) BMI = body mass index. SCR = the signal change ratio between the localized high signal and normal spinal cord signal at the C7-T1 levels. CR1 = the regression of high cord signals at 6 months postoperatively (i.e., CR1 = (Preoperative SCR-SCR at 6 months postoperatively)/ Preoperative SCR). CR2 = the regression of high cord signal at 2 years postoperatively (i.e., CR2 = (Preoperative SCR-SCR at 2 years postoperatively)/ Preoperative SCR). CNR = canal narrowing ratio. SVA = sagittal vertical axis. mK-line INT = modified K-line interval. JOAs = Japanese Orthopedic Association score. Recovery1 = degree of JOAs recovery at 6 months postoperatively (i.e., Recover1 = (JOAs at 6 months postoperatively-Preoperative JOAs)/ (17- Preoperative JOAs)). Recovery2 = degree of JOAs recovery at 2 years postoperatively (i.e., Recover2 = (JOAs at 2 years postoperatively-Preoperative JOAs)/ (17-Preoperative JOAs)) Table 2 Linear regression analyses for lower CR2 values 95% CI P value Uni-variable analyses Demographic data Sex (male/female) - 0.01 0.221 0.924 Age - 0.015 0.003 0.195 Hypertension - 0.071 0.204 0.334 Diabetes - 0.195 0.135 0.716 BMI - 0.375 0.422 0.905 Smoking history - 0.249 0.077 0.295 Surgical approach - 0.349 - 0.113 0.000# Preoperative measured imaging parameters C2-7 Cobb angle - 0.009 0.002 0.185 SVA - 0.008 0.008 0.995 mK-line INT - 0.043 0.005 0.122 Preoperative SCR 0.092 0.445 0.004# CR1 0.156 0.784 0.004# CNR - 0.76 0.844 0.918 Multi-variable analyses Surgical approach - 0.321 - 0.118 0.000** Preoperative SCR 0.127 0.41 0.000** CR1 - 0.018 0.501 0.067 #, variables that achieved a significance level of p < 0.1 in the univariate analysis *statistical significance (p < 0.05). **statistical significance (p < 0.01) BMI = body mass index. SCR = the signal change ratio between the localized high signal and normal spinal cord signal at the C7-T1 levels. CR1 = the regression of high cord signals at 6 months postoperatively (i.e., CR1 = (Preoperative SCR-SCR at 6 months postoperatively)/ Preoperative SCR). CR2 = the regression of high cord signal at 2 years postoperatively (i.e., CR2 = (Preoperative SCR-SCR at 2 years postoperatively)/ Preoperative SCR). CNR = canal narrowing ratio. SVA = sagittal vertical axis. mK-line INT = modified K-line interval CONCLUSIONS: For patients with OPLL-induced cervical spondylotic myelopathy and intramedullary high signal, anterior removal of the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament and direct decompression offer a greater potential for regression of intramedullary high signal. At the same time, this anterior surgical strategy improves clinical neurologic function better than indirect decompression in the posterior approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuan Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aochen Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baifeng Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Wan S, Zhang J, Wu C, Lin X, Li J, Wu F, Zhang Z, He L. Nucleus high intensity in the T2-weighted MRI is a potential predictor of annulus tear in cervical injured patients: a case comparative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:602. [PMID: 37488519 PMCID: PMC10364398 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental fusion operations assume paramount significance for individuals afflicted by full layers of annulus tears as they avert the perils of rapid disc degeneration and segmental instability. Structures with high signal intensity in the T2-weighted MRI can predict potential damage to the injured segment. Since local structures are shortly related biomechanically, this may be an effective predictor for annulus tears. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 57 patients afflicted by cervical injuries and subjected to single-segment ACDF has been performed in this study. The surgeon performed intraoperative exploration to assess the integration status of the annulus. The signal intensity of the prevertebral space, nucleus, and injured vertebral bodies were judged in the T2-weighted imaging data. Regression analyses identified independent predictors for annulus tears, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was computed to evaluate the predictive performance of potential independent predictors. RESULTS The occurrence of nucleus high intensity was significantly higher among individuals with annulus tears, and the nucleus high intensity was deemed an independent predictor for determining the presence of intraoperative visible annulus tears in patients with cervical injuries. AUC for nucleus high intensity was calculated as 0.717, with a corresponding p-value less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS In the realm of diagnosing annulus tears in injured cervical patients, nucleus high intensity in the T2-weighted MRI emerges as a promising predictive factor. Notably, this applies specifically to patients devoid of fracture and visible annulus tears in their MRI scans. Such positive outcomes should be regarded as prospective indications for ACDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Medical University, 200003, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lipeng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cai P, Xi Z, Deng C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Fixation-induced surgical segment's high stiffness and the damage of posterior structures together trigger a higher risk of adjacent segment disease in patients with lumbar interbody fusion operations. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:371. [PMID: 37208705 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a commonly reported complication after lumbar interbody fusion (LIF); changes in the mechanical environment play an essential role in the generation of ASD. Traditionally, fixation-induced high stiffness in the surgical segment was the main reason for ASD. However, with more attention paid to the biomechanical significance of posterior bony and soft structures, surgeons hypothesize that this factor may also play an important role in ASD. METHODS Oblique and posterior LIF operations have been simulated in this study. The stand-alone OLIF and OLIF fixed by bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) system have been simulated. The spinal process (the attachment point of cranial ligamentum complex) was excised in the PLIF model; the BPS system has also been used in the PLIF model. Stress values related to ASD have been computed under physiological body positions, including flexion, extension, bending, and axial rotations. RESULTS Compared to the stand-alone OLIF model, the OLIF model with BPS fixation suffers higher stress values under extension body position. However, there are no apparent differences under other loading conditions. Moreover, significant increases in stress values can be recorded in flexion and extension loading conditions in the PLIF model with posterior structures damage. CONCLUSIONS Fixation-induced surgical segment's high stiffness and the damage of posterior soft tissues together trigger a higher risk of ASD in patients with LIF operations. Optimizing BPS fixation methods and pedicle screw designs and reducing the range of posterior structures excision may be an effective method to reduce the risk of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhieng Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchi Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingguang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Stepwise reduction of bone mineral density increases the risk of cage subsidence in oblique lumbar interbody fusion patients biomechanically: an in-silico study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1083. [PMID: 36503614 PMCID: PMC9743582 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cage subsidence causes poor prognoses in patients treated by oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). Deterioration of the biomechanical environment initially triggers cage subsidence, and patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) suffer a higher risk of cage subsidence. However, whether low BMD increases the risk of cage subsidence by deteriorating the local biomechanical environment has not been clearly identified. METHODS OLIF without additional fixation (stand-alone, S-A) and with different additional fixation devices (AFDs), including anterolateral single rod screws (ALSRs) and bilateral pedicle screws (BPSs) fixation, was simulated in the L4-L5 segment of a well-validated finite element model. The biomechanical effects of different BMDs were investigated by adjusting the material properties of bony structures. Biomechanical indicators related to cage subsidence were computed and recorded under different directional moments. RESULTS Overall, low BMD triggers stress concentration in surgical segment, the highest equivalent stress can be observed in osteoporosis models under most loading conditions. Compared with the flexion-extension loading condition, this variation tendency was more pronounced under bending and rotation loading conditions. In addition, AFDs obviously reduced the stress concentration on both bony endplates and the OLIF cage, and the maximum stress on ALSRs was evidently higher than that on BPSs under almost all loading conditions. CONCLUSIONS Stepwise reduction of BMD increases the risk of a poor local biomechanical environment in OLIF patients, and regular anti-osteoporosis therapy should be considered an effective method to biomechanically optimize the prognosis of OLIF patients.
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