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Dini S, Oz F, Bekhit AEDA, Carne A, Agyei D. Production, characterization, and potential applications of lipopeptides in food systems: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13394. [PMID: 38925624 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are a class of lipid-peptide-conjugated compounds with differing structural features. This structural diversity is responsible for their diverse range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Lipopeptides have been attracting the attention of food scientists due to their potential as food additives and preservatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lipopeptides, their production, structural characteristics, and functional properties. First, the classes, chemical features, structure-activity relationships, and sources of lipopeptides are summarized. Then, the gene expression and biosynthesis of lipopeptides in microbial cell factories and strategies to optimize lipopeptide production are discussed. In addition, the main methods of purification and characterization of lipopeptides have been described. Finally, some biological activities of the lipopeptides, especially those relevant to food systems along with their mechanism of action, are critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Wang M, Zheng J, Sun S, Wu Z, Shao Y, Xiang J, Yin C, Sedjoah RCAA, Xin Z. An Integrated Pipeline and Overexpression of a Novel Efflux Transporter, YoeA, Significantly Increases Plipastatin Production in Bacillus subtilis. Foods 2024; 13:1785. [PMID: 38891014 PMCID: PMC11171584 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Plipastatin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, exhibits remarkable antimicrobial activity against a diverse range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. However, the practical application of plipastatin has been significantly hampered by its low yield in wild Bacillus species. Here, the native promoters of both the plipastatin operon and the sfp gene in the mono-producing strain M-24 were replaced by the constitutive promoter P43, resulting in plipastatin titers being increased by 27% (607 mg/mL) and 50% (717 mg/mL), respectively. Overexpression of long chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (LCFA) increased the yield of plipastatin by 105% (980 mg/mL). A new efflux transporter, YoeA, was identified as a MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family member, overexpression of yoeA enhanced plipastatin production to 1233 mg/mL, an increase of 157%, and knockout of yoeA decreased plipastatin production by 70%; in contrast, overexpression or knockout of yoeA in mono-producing surfactin and iturin engineered strains only slightly affected their production, demonstrating that YoeA acts as the major exporter for plipastatin. Co-overexpression of lcfA and yoeA improved plipastatin production to 1890 mg/mL, which was further elevated to 2060 mg/mL after abrB gene deletion. Lastly, the use of optimized culture medium achieved 2514 mg/mL plipastatin production, which was 5.26-fold higher than that of the initial strain. These results suggest that multiple strain engineering is an effective strategy for increasing lipopeptide production, and identification of the novel transport efflux protein YoeA provides new insights into the regulation and industrial application of plipastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.); (J.Z.); (S.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (C.Y.); (R.C.A.A.S.)
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Chen M, Deng Y, Zheng M, Xiao R, Wang X, Liu B, He J, Wang J. Lipopeptides from Bacillus velezensis induced apoptosis-like cell death in the pathogenic fungus Fusarium concentricum. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae048. [PMID: 38389225 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Stem rot caused by Fusarium concentricum is a new disease of Paris polyphylla reported by our research group. The present study investigates the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-54560 lipopeptide against F. concentricum. METHODS AND RESULTS HPLC preparation and LC-MS analysis results show that the crude lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus velezensis FJAT-54560 isolated from Jasminum sambac consist of C14-17 iturin A, C14 fengycin B, C16 fengycin A/A2, C18 fengycin A, C20 fengycin B2, C21 fengycin A2, C22-23 fengycin A, C12-16 surfactin A, and C15 surfactin A derivatives. The mass ratios (g/g) of iturin, fengycin, and surfactin in lipopeptides are 2.40, 67.51, and 30.08%, respectively. Through inhibition zone and inhibition rate experiments, we found that crude lipopeptides and purified fengycin exhibit strong antifungal activity against F. concentricum, including accumulation of reactive oxygen species, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, Ca2+ accumulation, chromatin condensation, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that crude lipopeptide-induced apoptosis in F. concentricum cells may be mediated by apoptosis-inducing factors and apoptosis mediators and can serve as a metacaspase-independent model. CONCLUSION Lipopeptides from Bacillus velezensis FJAT-54560 can control the pathogenic fungus F. concentricum by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Chen
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yingjie Deng
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Meixia Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Rongfeng Xiao
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jin He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology & Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
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Wang J, Ping Y, Liu W, He X, Du C. Improvement of lipopeptide production in Bacillus subtilis HNDF2-3 by overexpression of the sfp and comA genes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:184-192. [PMID: 37158496 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2209890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis HNDF2-3 can produce a variety of lipopeptide antibiotics with lower production. To improve its lipopeptide production, three genetically engineered strains were constructed. The results of real-time PCR showed that the highest transcriptional levels of the sfp gene in F2-3sfp, F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA were 29.01, 6.65 and 17.50 times of the original strain, respectively, while the highest transcriptional levels of the comA gene in F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA were 10.44 and 4.13 times of the original strain, respectively. The results of ELISA showed that the malonyl-CoA transacylase activity of F2-3comA was the highest, reaching 18.53 IU/L at 24 h, the data was 32.74% higher than that of the original strain. The highest total lipopeptide production of F2-3sfp, F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA induced by IPTG at optimal concentration were 33.51, 46.05 and 38.96% higher than that of the original strain, respectively. The results of HPLC showed that iturin A production of F2-3sfp-comA was the highest, which was 63.16% higher than that of the original strain. This study laid the foundation for further construction of genetically engineered strains with high lipopeptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chunmei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, China
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Zalila-Kolsi I, Ben-Mahmoud A, Al-Barazie R. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Harnessing Its Potential for Industrial, Medical, and Agricultural Applications-A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2215. [PMID: 37764059 PMCID: PMC10536829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a Gram-positive bacterium, has emerged as a versatile microorganism with significant applications in various fields, including industry, medicine, and agriculture. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics, genetic tools, and metabolic capabilities of B. amyloliquefaciens, while highlighting its potential as a chassis cell for synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and protein expression. We discuss the bacterium's role in the production of chemicals, enzymes, and other industrial bioproducts, as well as its applications in medicine, such as combating infectious diseases and promoting gut health. In agriculture, B. amyloliquefaciens has demonstrated potential as a biofertilizer, biocontrol agent, and stress tolerance enhancer for various crops. Despite its numerous promising applications, B. amyloliquefaciens remains less studied than its Gram-negative counterpart, Escherichia coli. This review emphasizes the need for further research and development of advanced engineering techniques and genetic editing technologies tailored for B. amyloliquefaciens, ultimately unlocking its full potential in scientific and industrial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Zalila-Kolsi
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 41009, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Ray Al-Barazie
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 41009, United Arab Emirates;
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Liu N, Sun H, Tang Z, Zheng Y, Qi G, Zhao X. Transcription Factor Spo0A Regulates the Biosynthesis of Difficidin in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0104423. [PMID: 37432122 PMCID: PMC10434259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01044-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WH1 produces multiple antibiotics with antimicrobial activity and can control bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Antibacterial substances produced by WH1 and the regulation mechanism are unknown. In this study, it was found that difficidin, and to a minor extent bacillibactin, exhibited antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. Lipopeptides, macrolactin, bacillaene, and bacilysin had no antibacterial activity. Ferric iron uptake transcriptional regulator Fur bound the promoter region of the dhb gene cluster of bacillibactin biosynthesis. Mutant Δfur showed a higher bacillibactin production and its antibacterial activity increased by 27% than wild-type WH1. Difficidin inhibited R. solanacearum growth and disrupted the integrity of the cells. Lack of transcription factor Spo0A abolished difficidin biosynthesis. Spo0A bound the promoter region of the dfn gene cluster of difficidin biosynthesis. Changing phosphorylation levels of Spo0A via deletion of phosphatase gene spo0E and histidine kinases genes kinA and kinD affected the biosynthesis of difficidin. Deletion of spo0E increased the phosphorylation level of Spo0A and consequently improved the difficidin production. The antibacterial activity of mutant Δspo0E and ΔkinA increased by 12% and 19%. The antibacterial activity of mutant ΔkinD decreased by 28%. Collectively, WH1 produced difficidin to disrupt the cell of R. solanacearum and secreted siderophore bacillibactin to compete for ferric iron. Spo0A regulated difficidin biosynthesis. Spo0A regulates quorum-sensing responses and controls the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in B. amyloliquefaciens. This study has important findings in the regulation mechanism of antibiotic synthesis and helps to improve antibiotic yield in Bacillus. IMPORTANCE Pathogen R. solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many crops. There is no chemical bactericide that can control bacterial wilt disease. It is vital to find antagonistic microorganisms and antibacterial substances that can efficiently control bacterial wilt disease. B. amyloliquefaciens WH1 could inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum. Via genetic mutation, it was found that difficidin and to a minor extent bacillibactin produced by WH1 acted efficiently against R. solanacearum. The transcription factor Spo0A regulated the synthesis of difficidin. Phosphorylation of Spo0A affected the production of difficidin. Increasing the phosphorylation level of Spo0A improved the difficidin production and antibacterial activity. In-depth analysis of the regulation mechanism of antibiotic difficidin is meaningful for enhancing the control efficiency of WH1. B. amyloliquefaciens WH1 and the antibacterial substances have vast application potential in controlling bacterial wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huiwan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhengyu Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Bertuzzi T, Leni G, Bulla G, Giorni P. Reduction of Mycotoxigenic Fungi Growth and Their Mycotoxin Production by Bacillus subtilis QST 713. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110797. [PMID: 36422971 PMCID: PMC9694810 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides to control the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in crops has led to environmental and human health issues, driving the agriculture sector to a more sustainable system. Biocontrol agents such as Bacillus strains and their antimicrobial metabolites have been proposed as alternatives to chemical pesticides. In the present work, a broth obtained from a commercial product containing Bacillus subtilis QST 713 was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as reduce their mycotoxin production. Mass spectrometry analysis of Bacillus subtilis broth allowed to detect the presence of 14 different lipopeptides, belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families, already known for their antifungal properties. Bacillus subtilis broth demonstrated to be a useful tool to inhibit the growth of some of the most important mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Alternaria alternata. In addition, cell-free Bacillus subtilis broth provided the most promising results against the growth of Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata, where the radial growth was reduced up to 86% with respect to the untreated test. With regard to the mycotoxin reduction, raw Bacillus subtilis broth completely inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and tenuazonic acid. Cell-free broth provided promising inhibitory properties toward all of the target mycotoxins, even if the results were less promising than the corresponding raw broth. In conclusion, this work showed that a commercial Bacillus subtilis, characterized by the presence of different lipopeptides, was able to reduce the growth of the main mycotoxigenic fungi and inhibit the production of related mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Leni
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Bulla
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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