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Arigoni-Affolter I, Losfeld ME, Hennig R, Rapp E, Aebi M. A hierarchical structure in the N-glycosylation process governs the N-glycosylation output: prolonged cultivation induces glycoenzymes expression variations that are reflected in the cellular N-glycome but not in the protein and site-specific glycoprofile of CHO cells. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae045. [PMID: 38938083 PMCID: PMC11231950 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a central component in the modification of secretory proteins. One characteristic of this process is a heterogeneous output. The heterogeneity is the result of both structural constraints of the glycoprotein as well as the composition of the cellular glycosylation machinery. Empirical data addressing correlations between glycosylation output and glycosylation machinery composition are seldom due to the low abundance of glycoenzymes. We assessed how differences in the glycoenzyme expression affected the N-glycosylation output at a cellular as well as at a protein-specific level. Our results showed that cellular N-glycome changes could be correlated with the variation of glycoenzyme expression, whereas at the protein level differential responses to glycoenzymes alterations were observed. We therefore identified a hierarchical structure in the N-glycosylation process: the enzyme levels in this complex pathway determine its capacity (reflected in the N-glycome), while protein-specific parameters determine the glycosite-specificity. What emerges is a highly variable and adaptable protein modification system that represents a hallmark of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Arigoni-Affolter
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Estelle Losfeld
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Hennig
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestraße 20, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Lee B, An HJ. Small but big leaps towards neuroglycomics: exploring N-glycome in the brain to advance the understanding of brain development and function. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:489-490. [PMID: 37721267 PMCID: PMC10581581 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia-Pacific Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Tan WS, Rong E, Dry I, Lillico S, Law A, Digard P, Whitelaw B, Dalziel RG. Validation of Candidate Host Cell Entry Factors for Bovine Herpes Virus Type-1 Based on a Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screen. Viruses 2024; 16:297. [PMID: 38400072 PMCID: PMC10893506 DOI: 10.3390/v16020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify host factors that affect Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1) infection we previously applied a genome wide CRISPR knockout screen targeting all bovine protein coding genes. By doing so we compiled a list of both pro-viral and anti-viral proteins involved in BoHV-1 replication. Here we provide further analysis of those that are potentially involved in viral entry into the host cell. We first generated single cell knockout clones deficient in some of the candidate genes for validation. We provide evidence that Polio Virus Receptor-related protein (PVRL2) serves as a receptor for BoHV-1, mediating more efficient entry than the previously identified Polio Virus Receptor (PVR). By knocking out two enzymes that catalyze HSPG chain elongation, HST2ST1 and GLCE, we further demonstrate the significance of HSPG in BoHV-1 entry. Another intriguing cluster of candidate genes, COG1, COG2 and COG4-7 encode six subunits of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. MDBK cells lacking COG6 produced fewer but bigger plaques compared to control cells, suggesting more efficient release of newly produced virions from these COG6 knockout cells, due to impaired HSPG biosynthesis. We further observed that viruses produced by the COG6 knockout cells consist of protein(s) with reduced N-glycosylation, potentially explaining their lower infectivity. To facilitate candidate validation, we also detailed a one-step multiplex CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system, an orthogonal method to KO that enables quick and simultaneous deployment of three CRISPRs for efficient gene inactivation. Using CRISPR3i, we verified eight candidates that have been implicated in the synthesis of surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). In summary, our experiments confirmed the two receptors PVR and PVRL2 for BoHV-1 entry into the host cell and other factors that affect this process, likely through the direct or indirect roles they play during HSPG synthesis and glycosylation of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Spring Tan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Enguang Rong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Inga Dry
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Simon Lillico
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - Andy Law
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Paul Digard
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK; (S.L.); (B.W.)
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK;
| | - Robert G. Dalziel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK (I.D.); (P.D.); (R.G.D.)
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Ben Ahmed A, Lemaire Q, Scache J, Mariller C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc Dynamics: The Sweet Side of Protein Trafficking Regulation in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37408229 PMCID: PMC10216988 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicular bodies and exosomes. These highly sophisticated biological processes rely on a wide variety of signaling and regulatory proteins that act sequentially and in a well-orchestrated manner to ensure the proper delivery of cargoes to their final destination. By modifying numerous proteins involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in the tight regulation of cargo transport in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrient availability and stress. Among the PTMs, O-GlcNAcylation is the reversible addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by a single couple of enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) which catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which hydrolyses it. Here, we review the current knowledge on the emerging role of O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of protein trafficking in mammalian cells, in classical and unconventional secretory pathways.
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5
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Modeling N-Glycosylation: A Systems Biology Approach for Evaluating Changes in the Steady-State Organization of Golgi-Resident Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:663-690. [PMID: 36512244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organization of Golgi-resident proteins is crucial for sorting molecules within the secretory pathway and regulating posttranslational modifications. However, evaluating changes to Golgi organization can be challenging, often requiring extensive experimental investigations. Here, we propose a systems biology approach in which changes to Golgi-resident protein sorting and localization can be deduced using cellular N-glycan profiles as the only experimental input.The approach detailed here utilizes the influence of Golgi organization on N-glycan biosynthesis to investigate the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining Golgi organization. While N-glycosylation is carried out in a non-template-driven manner, the distribution of N-glycan biosynthetic enzymes within the Golgi ensures this process is not completely random. Therefore, changes to N-glycan profiles provide clues into how altered cell phenotypes affect the sorting and localization of Golgi-resident proteins. Here, we generate a stochastic simulation of N-glycan biosynthesis to produce a simulated glycan profile similar to that obtained experimentally and then combine this with Bayesian fitting to enable inference of changes in enzyme amounts and localizations. Alterations to Golgi organization are evaluated by calculating how the fitted enzyme parameters shift when moving from simulating the glycan profile of one cellular state (e.g., a wild type) to an altered cellular state (e.g., a mutant). Our approach illustrates how an iterative combination of mathematical systems biology and minimal experimental cell biology can be utilized to maximally integrate biological knowledge to gain insightful knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in a manner inaccessible to either alone.
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Yadav A, Vagne Q, Sens P, Iyengar G, Rao M. Glycan processing in the Golgi: optimal information coding and constraints on cisternal number and enzyme specificity. eLife 2022; 11:76757. [PMID: 35175197 PMCID: PMC9154746 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins that undergo sequential enzymatic modification in the Golgi cisternae are displayed at the plasma membrane as cell identity markers. The modified proteins, called glycans, represent a molecular code. The fidelity of this glycan code is measured by how accurately the glycan synthesis machinery realises the desired target glycan distribution for a particular cell type and niche. In this paper, we construct a simplified chemical synthesis model to quantitatively analyse the tradeoffs between the number of cisternae, and the number and specificity of enzymes, required to synthesize a prescribed target glycan distribution of a certain complexity to within a given fidelity. We find that to synthesize complex distributions, such as those observed in real cells, one needs to have multiple cisternae and precise enzyme partitioning in the Golgi. Additionally, for fixed number of enzymes and cisternae, there is an optimal level of specificity (promiscuity) of enzymes that achieves the target distribution with high fidelity. The geometry of the fidelity landscape in the multidimensional space of the number and specificity of enzymes, inter-cisternal transfer rates, and number of cisternae, provides a measure for robustness and identifies stiff and sloppy directions. Our results show how the complexity of the target glycan distribution and number of glycosylation enzymes places functional constraints on the Golgi cisternal number and enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Vagne
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Garud Iyengar
- Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Madan Rao
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
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7
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West B, Wood AJ, Ungar D. Computational Modeling of Glycan Processing in the Golgi for Investigating Changes in the Arrangements of Biosynthetic Enzymes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:209-222. [PMID: 34611871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modeling glycan biosynthesis is becoming increasingly important due to the far-reaching implications that glycosylation can exhibit, from pathologies to biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here we describe a stochastic simulation approach, to overcome the deterministic nature of previous models, that aims to simulate the action of glycan modifying enzymes to produce a glycan profile. This is then coupled with an approximate Bayesian computation methodology to systematically fit to empirical data in order to determine which set of parameters adequately describes the organization of enzymes within the Golgi. The model is described in detail along with a proof of concept and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben West
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - A Jamie Wood
- Departments of Biology and Mathematics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
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8
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Tian Y, Parsons LM, Jankowska E, Cipollo JF. Site-Specific Glycosylation Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Derived From Recombinant Protein and Viral WA1 and D614G Strains. Front Chem 2021; 9:767448. [PMID: 34869209 PMCID: PMC8640487 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.767448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is heavily glycosylated, having 22 predicted N-glycosylation sites per monomer. It is also O-glycosylated, although the number of O-glycosites is less defined. Recent studies show that spike protein glycans play critical roles in viral entry and infection. The spike monomer has two subdomains, S1 and S2, and a receptor-binding domain (RBD) within the S1 domain. In this study, we have characterized the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the HEK293 recombinant spike RBD and S1 domains as well as the intact spike derived from the whole virus produced in Vero cells. The Vero cell-derived spike from the WA1 strain and a D614G variant was analyzed. All spike proteins, S1, and RBDs were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and LC-MS/MS on an Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer. N-glycans identified in HEK293-derived S1 were structurally diverse. Those found in the HEK293-derived RBD were highly similar to those in HEK293 S1 where N-glycosites were shared. Comparison of the whole cell-derived WA1 and D614G spike proteins revealed that N-glycosites local to the mutation site appeared to be more readily detected, hinting that these sites are more exposed to glycosylation machinery. Moreover, recombinant HEK293-derived S1 was occupied almost completely with complex glycan, while both WA1 and D614G derived from the Vero E6 cell whole virus were predominantly high-mannose glycans. This stands in stark contrast to glycosylation patterns seen in both CHO- and HEK cell-derived recombinant S1, S2, and the whole spike previously reported. Concerning O-glycosylation, our analyses revealed that HEK293 recombinant proteins possessed a range of O-glycosites with compositions consistent with Core type 1 and 2 glycans. The O-glycosites shared between the S1 and RBD constructs, sites T323 and T523, were occupied by a similar range of Core 1 and 2 type O-glycans. Overall, this study reveals that the sample nature and cell substrate used for production of these proteins can have a dramatic impact on the glycosylation profile. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycans are associated with host ACE2 receptor interaction efficiency. Therefore, understanding such differences will serve to better understand these host–pathogen interactions and inform the choice of cell substrates to suite downstream investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M Parsons
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ewa Jankowska
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - John F Cipollo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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9
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Congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by starting site-specific variant in syntaxin-5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6227. [PMID: 34711829 PMCID: PMC8553859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein syntaxin-5 (Stx5) is essential for Golgi transport. In humans, the STX5 mRNA encodes two protein isoforms, Stx5 Long (Stx5L) from the first starting methionine and Stx5 Short (Stx5S) from an alternative starting methionine at position 55. In this study, we identify a human disorder caused by a single missense substitution in the second starting methionine (p.M55V), resulting in complete loss of the short isoform. Patients suffer from an early fatal multisystem disease, including severe liver disease, skeletal abnormalities and abnormal glycosylation. Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking. Measurements of cognate binding SNAREs, based on biotin-synchronizable forms of Stx5 (the RUSH system) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), revealed that the short isoform of Stx5 is essential for intra-Golgi transport. Alternative starting codons of Stx5 are thus linked to human disease, demonstrating that the site of translation initiation is an important new layer of regulating protein trafficking.
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Devaprasad A, Pandit A. Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Interacting Intracellular Genes in Tissue and Circulating Immune Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:1757. [PMID: 34578338 PMCID: PMC8473259 DOI: 10.3390/v13091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 and TMPRSS2 to gain entry into the cell. However, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 may use additional host factors that are required for the viral lifecycle. Here we used publicly available datasets, CoV-associated genes, and machine learning algorithms to explore the SARS-CoV-2 interaction landscape in different tissues. We found that in general a small fraction of cells express ACE2 in the different tissues, including nasal, bronchi, and lungs. We show that a small fraction of immune cells (including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) found in tissues also express ACE2. We show that healthy circulating immune cells do not express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. However, a small fraction of circulating immune cells (including dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells) in the PBMC of COVID-19 patients express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Additionally, we found that a large spectrum of cells (in tissues and circulation) in both healthy and COVID-19-positive patients were significantly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 factors, such as those associated with RHOA and RAB GTPases, mRNA translation proteins, COPI- and COPII-mediated transport, and integrins. Thus, we propose that further research is needed to explore if SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect tissue and circulating immune cells to better understand the virus' mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Devaprasad
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Adusumalli R, Åsheim HC, Lupashin V, Blackburn JB, Prydz K. Proteoglycan synthesis in conserved oligomeric Golgi subunit deficient HEK293T cells is affected differently, depending on the lacking subunit. Traffic 2021; 22:230-239. [PMID: 34053170 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is an eight subunit protein complex associated with Golgi membranes. Genetic defects affecting individual COG subunits cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), due to mislocalization of Golgi proteins involved in glycosylation mechanisms. While the resulting defects in N-and O-glycosylation have been extensively studied, no corresponding study of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis has been undertaken. We here show that glycosaminoglycan (GAG) modification of PGs is significantly reduced, regardless which COG subunit that is missing in HEK293T cells. Least reduction was observed for cells lacking COG1 and COG8 subunits, that bridge the A and B lobes of the complex. Lack of these subunits did not reduce GAG chain lengths of secreted PGs, which was reduced in cells lacking any other subunit (COG2-7). COG3 knock out (KO) cells had particularly reduced ability to polymerize GAG chains. For cell-associated GAGs, the mutant cell lines, except COG4 and COG7 KO, displayed longer GAG chains than wild-type cells, indicating that COG subunits play a role in cellular turnover of PGs. In light of the important roles PGs play in animal development, the effects KO of individual COG subunits have on GAG synthesis could explain the variable severity of COG associated CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristian Prydz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bryan L, Clynes M, Meleady P. The emerging role of cellular post-translational modifications in modulating growth and productivity of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107757. [PMID: 33895332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are one of the most commonly used host cell lines used for the production human therapeutic proteins. Much research over the past two decades has focussed on improving the growth, titre and cell specific productivity of CHO cells and in turn lowering the costs associated with production of recombinant proteins. CHO cell engineering has become of particular interest in recent years following the publication of the CHO cell genome and the availability of data relating to the proteome, transcriptome and metabolome of CHO cells. However, data relating to the cellular post-translational modification (PTMs) which can affect the functionality of CHO cellular proteins has only begun to be presented in recent years. PTMs are important to many cellular processes and can further alter proteins by increasing the complexity of proteins and their interactions. In this review, we describe the research presented from CHO cells to date related on three of the most important PTMs; glycosylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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13
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Rab11-mediated post-Golgi transport of the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 suggests a new mechanism for regulating glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100354. [PMID: 33524390 PMCID: PMC7949161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the most common posttranslational modification of proteins, is a stepwise process that relies on tight regulation of subcellular glycosyltransferase location to control the addition of each monosaccharide. Glycosyltransferases primarily reside and function in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus; whether and how they traffic beyond the Golgi, how this trafficking is controlled, and how it impacts glycosylation remain unclear. Our previous work identified a connection between N-glycosylation and Rab11, a key player in the post-Golgi transport that connects recycling endosomes and other compartments. To learn more about the specific role of Rab11, we knocked down Rab11 in HeLa cells. Our findings indicate that Rab11 knockdown results in a dramatic enhancement in the sialylation of N-glycans. Structural analyses of glycans using lectins and LC-MS revealed that α2,3-sialylation is selectively enhanced, suggesting that an α2,3-sialyltransferase that catalyzes the sialyation of glycoproteins is activated or upregulated as the result of Rab11 knockdown. ST3GAL4 is the major α2,3-sialyltransferase that acts on N-glycans; we demonstrated that the localization of ST3GAL4, but not the levels of its mRNA, protein, or donor substrate, was altered by Rab11 depletion. In knockdown cells, ST3GAL4 is densely distributed in the trans-Golgi network, compared with the wider distribution in the Golgi and in other peripheral puncta in control cells, whereas the α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is predominantly localized to the Golgi regardless of Rab11 knockdown. This indicates that Rab11 may negatively regulate α2,3-sialylation by transporting ST3GAL4 to post-Golgi compartments (PGCs), which is a novel mechanism of glycosyltransferase regulation.
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14
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The Close Relationship between the Golgi Trafficking Machinery and Protein Glycosylation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122652. [PMID: 33321764 PMCID: PMC7764369 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification of proteins; it mediates their correct folding and stability, as well as their transport through the secretory transport. Changes in N- and O-linked glycans have been associated with multiple pathological conditions including congenital disorders of glycosylation, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Glycoprotein glycosylation at the Golgi involves the coordinated action of hundreds of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which are maintained at the correct location through retrograde vesicle trafficking between Golgi cisternae. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery involved in vesicle trafficking and tethering at the Golgi apparatus and the effects of mutations in the context of glycan biosynthesis and human diseases.
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15
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Ferrer A, Starosta RT, Ranatunga W, Ungar D, Kozicz T, Klee E, Rust LM, Wick M, Morava E. Fetal glycosylation defect due to ALG3 and COG5 variants detected via amniocentesis: Complex glycosylation defect with embryonic lethal phenotype. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:424-429. [PMID: 33187827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inborn errors of glycan metabolism with high clinical variability. Only a few antenatal cases have been described with CDG. Due to a lack of reliable biomarker, prenatal CDG diagnostics relies primarily on molecular studies. In the presence of variants of uncertain significance prenatal glycosylation studies are very challenging. CASE REPORT A consanguineous couple had a history of second-trimester fetal demise with tetralogy of Fallot and skeletal dysplasia. In the consecutive pregnancy, the second trimester ultrasonography showed skeletal dysplasia, vermian hypoplasia, congenital heart defects, omphalocele and dysmorphic features. Prenatal chromosomal microarray revealed a large region of loss of heterozygosity. Demise occurred at 30 weeks. Fetal whole exome sequencing showed a novel homozygous likely pathogenic variant in ALG3 and a variant of uncertain significance in COG5. METHODS Western blot was used to quantify ALG3, COG5, COG6, and the glycosylation markers ICAM-1 and LAMP2. RT-qPCR was used for ALG3 and COG5 expression in cultured amniocytes and compared to age matched controls. RESULTS ALG3 and COG5 mRNA levels were normal. ICAM-1, LAMP2, ALG3 and COG5 levels were decreased in cultured amniocytes, suggesting the possible involvement of both genes in the complex phenotype. CONCLUSION This is the first case of successful use of glycosylated biomarkers in amniocytes, providing further options of functional antenatal testing in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ferrer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Dani Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Rust
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Myra Wick
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Bone RN, Oyebamiji O, Talware S, Selvaraj S, Krishnan P, Syed F, Wu H, Evans-Molina C. A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2364-2376. [PMID: 32820009 PMCID: PMC7576569 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We used an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray data sets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. In parallel, we generated an RNA-sequencing data set from human islets treated with brefeldin A (BFA), a known GA stress inducer. Overlapping the T1D and T2D groups with the BFA data set, we identified 120 and 204 differentially expressed genes, respectively. In both the T1D and T2D models, pathway analyses revealed that the top pathways were associated with GA integrity, organization, and trafficking. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate a common signature of GA stress that included ATF3, ARF4, CREB3, and COG6 Taken together, these data indicate that GA-associated genes are dysregulated in diabetes and identify putative markers of β-cell GA stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Olufunmilola Oyebamiji
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sayali Talware
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sharmila Selvaraj
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Huanmei Wu
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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17
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Camus SM, Camus MD, Figueras-Novoa C, Boncompain G, Sadacca LA, Esk C, Bigot A, Gould GW, Kioumourtzoglou D, Perez F, Bryant NJ, Mukherjee S, Brodsky FM. CHC22 clathrin mediates traffic from early secretory compartments for human GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133472. [PMID: 31863584 PMCID: PMC7039200 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose clearance relies on insulin-stimulated exocytosis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from sites of sequestration in muscle and fat. This work demonstrates that, in humans, CHC22 clathrin controls GLUT4 traffic from the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment to sites of sequestration during GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is sequestered inside muscle and fat and then released by vesicle traffic to the cell surface in response to postprandial insulin for blood glucose clearance. Here, we map the biogenesis of this GLUT4 traffic pathway in humans, which involves clathrin isoform CHC22. We observe that GLUT4 transits through the early secretory pathway more slowly than the constitutively secreted GLUT1 transporter and localize CHC22 to the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). CHC22 functions in transport from the ERGIC, as demonstrated by an essential role in forming the replication vacuole of Legionella pneumophila bacteria, which requires ERGIC-derived membrane. CHC22 complexes with ERGIC tether p115, GLUT4, and sortilin, and downregulation of either p115 or CHC22, but not GM130 or sortilin, abrogates insulin-responsive GLUT4 release. This indicates that CHC22 traffic initiates human GLUT4 sequestration from the ERGIC and defines a role for CHC22 in addition to retrograde sorting of GLUT4 after endocytic recapture, enhancing pathways for GLUT4 sequestration in humans relative to mice, which lack CHC22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane M Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marine D Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, UMR S974 Centre for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dimitrios Kioumourtzoglou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Linders PTA, Peters E, ter Beest M, Lefeber DJ, van den Bogaart G. Sugary Logistics Gone Wrong: Membrane Trafficking and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4654. [PMID: 32629928 PMCID: PMC7369703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification for both intracellular and secreted proteins. For glycosylation to occur, cargo must be transported after synthesis through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus where distinct monosaccharides are sequentially bound and trimmed, resulting in increasingly complex branched glycan structures. Of utmost importance for this process is the intraorganellar environment of the Golgi. Each Golgi compartment has a distinct pH, which is maintained by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). Moreover, tethering factors such as Golgins and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, in concert with coatomer (COPI) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion, efficiently deliver glycosylation enzymes to the right Golgi compartment. Together, these factors maintain intra-Golgi trafficking of proteins involved in glycosylation and thereby enable proper glycosylation. However, pathogenic mutations in these factors can cause defective glycosylation and lead to diseases with a wide variety of symptoms such as liver dysfunction and skin and bone disorders. Collectively, this group of disorders is known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Recent technological advances have enabled the robust identification of novel CDGs related to membrane trafficking components. In this review, we highlight differences and similarities between membrane trafficking-related CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. A. Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Ella Peters
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Modeling Glycan Processing Reveals Golgi-Enzyme Homeostasis upon Trafficking Defects and Cellular Differentiation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1231-1243.e6. [PMID: 31018136 PMCID: PMC6486481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The decoration of proteins by carbohydrates is essential for eukaryotic life yet heterogeneous due to a lack of biosynthetic templates. This complex carbohydrate mixture—the glycan profile—is generated in the compartmentalized Golgi, in which level and localization of glycosylation enzymes are key determinants. Here, we develop and validate a computational model for glycan biosynthesis to probe how the biosynthetic machinery creates different glycan profiles. We combined stochastic modeling with Bayesian fitting that enables rigorous comparison to experimental data despite starting with uncertain initial parameters. This is an important development in the field of glycan modeling, which revealed biological insights about the glycosylation machinery in altered cellular states. We experimentally validated changes in N-linked glycan-modifying enzymes in cells with perturbed intra-Golgi-enzyme sorting and the predicted glycan-branching activity during osteogenesis. Our model can provide detailed information on altered biosynthetic paths, with potential for advancing treatments for glycosylation-related diseases and glyco-engineering of cells. Developed a stochastic model of N-glycosylation coupled with Bayesian fitting Validated predicted changes of Golgi organization in trafficking mutants Model pinpointed functionally relevant glycan alterations in osteogenesis
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20
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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21
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Regan P, McClean PL, Smyth T, Doherty M. Early Stage Glycosylation Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030092. [PMID: 31484367 PMCID: PMC6789538 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great cause for concern in our ageing population, which currently lacks diagnostic tools to permit accurate and timely diagnosis for affected individuals. The development of such tools could enable therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease course and thus potentially reducing the debilitating effects of AD. Glycosylation is a common, and important, post translational modification of proteins implicated in a host of disease states resulting in a complex array of glycans being incorporated into biomolecules. Recent investigations of glycan profiles, in a wide range of conditions, has been made possible due to technological advances in the field enabling accurate glycoanalyses. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, tau protein, and other important proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, have altered glycosylation profiles. Crucially, these abnormalities present early in the disease state, are present in the peripheral blood, and help to distinguish AD from other dementias. This review describes the aberrant glycome in AD, focusing on proteins implicated in development and progression, and elucidates the potential of glycome aberrations as early stage biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regan
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research and Innovation Centre, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Thomas Smyth
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Margaret Doherty
- Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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22
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Blackburn JB, D'Souza Z, Lupashin VV. Maintaining order: COG complex controls Golgi trafficking, processing, and sorting. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2466-2487. [PMID: 31381138 PMCID: PMC6771879 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) family, controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle targeting within the Golgi. In humans, COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG‐congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG‐CDG). The COG complex both physically and functionally interacts with all classes of molecules maintaining intra‐Golgi trafficking, namely SNAREs, SNARE‐interacting proteins, Rabs, coiled‐coil tethers, and vesicular coats. Here, we review our current knowledge of COG‐related trafficking and glycosylation defects in humans and model organisms, and analyze possible scenarios for the molecular mechanism of the COG orchestrated vesicle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zinia D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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23
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Fisher P, Thomas-Oates J, Wood AJ, Ungar D. The N-Glycosylation Processing Potential of the Mammalian Golgi Apparatus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:157. [PMID: 31457009 PMCID: PMC6700225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is an inherent feature of the glycosylation process. Mammalian cells often produce a variety of glycan structures on separate molecules of the same protein, known as glycoforms. This heterogeneity is not random but is controlled by the organization of the glycosylation machinery in the Golgi cisternae. In this work, we use a computational model of the N-glycosylation process to probe how the organization of the glycosylation machinery into different cisternae drives N-glycan biosynthesis toward differing degrees of heterogeneity. Using this model, we demonstrate the N-glycosylation potential and limits of the mammalian Golgi apparatus, for example how the number of cisternae limits the goal of achieving near homogeneity for N-glycans. The production of specific glycoforms guided by this computational study could pave the way for “glycoform engineering,” which will find uses in the functional investigation of glycans, the modulation of glycan-mediated physiological functions, and in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - A Jamie Wood
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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24
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Luteijn RD, van Diemen F, Blomen VA, Boer IGJ, Manikam Sadasivam S, van Kuppevelt TH, Drexler I, Brummelkamp TR, Lebbink RJ, Wiertz EJ. A Genome-Wide Haploid Genetic Screen Identifies Heparan Sulfate-Associated Genes and the Macropinocytosis Modulator TMED10 as Factors Supporting Vaccinia Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:e02160-18. [PMID: 30996093 PMCID: PMC6580964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02160-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus is a promising viral vaccine and gene delivery candidate and has historically been used as a model to study poxvirus-host cell interactions. We employed a genome-wide insertional mutagenesis approach in human haploid cells to identify host factors crucial for vaccinia virus infection. A library of mutagenized HAP1 cells was exposed to modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). Deep-sequencing analysis of virus-resistant cells identified host factors involved in heparan sulfate synthesis, Golgi organization, and vesicular protein trafficking. We validated EXT1, TM9SF2, and TMED10 (TMP21/p23/p24δ) as important host factors for vaccinia virus infection. The critical roles of EXT1 in heparan sulfate synthesis and vaccinia virus infection were confirmed. TM9SF2 was validated as a player mediating heparan sulfate expression, explaining its contribution to vaccinia virus infection. In addition, TMED10 was found to be crucial for virus-induced plasma membrane blebbing and phosphatidylserine-induced macropinocytosis, presumably by regulating the cell surface expression of the TAM receptor Axl.IMPORTANCE Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that can infect a wide range of host species. A number of these viruses are clinically important to humans, including variola virus (smallpox) and vaccinia virus. Since the eradication of smallpox, zoonotic infections with monkeypox virus and cowpox virus are emerging. Additionally, poxviruses can be engineered to specifically target cancer cells and are used as a vaccine vector against tuberculosis, influenza, and coronaviruses. Poxviruses rely on host factors for most stages of their life cycle, including attachment to the cell and entry. These host factors are crucial for virus infectivity and host cell tropism. We used a genome-wide knockout library of host cells to identify host factors necessary for vaccinia virus infection. We confirm a dominant role for heparin sulfate in mediating virus attachment. Additionally, we show that TMED10, previously not implicated in virus infections, facilitates virus uptake by modulating the cellular response to phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger D Luteijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdy van Diemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid G J Boer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel J Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Ernst AM, Toomre D, Bogan JS. Acylation - A New Means to Control Traffic Through the Golgi. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:109. [PMID: 31245373 PMCID: PMC6582194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is well known to act as center for modification and sorting of proteins for secretion and delivery to other organelles. A key sorting step occurs at the trans-Golgi network and is mediated by protein adapters. However, recent data indicate that sorting also occurs much earlier, at the cis-Golgi, and uses lipid acylation as a novel means to regulate anterograde flux. Here, we examine an emerging role of S-palmitoylation/acylation as a mechanism to regulate anterograde routing. We discuss the critical Golgi-localized DHHC S-palmitoyltransferase enzymes that orchestrate this lipid modification, as well as their diverse protein clients (e.g., MAP6, SNAP25, CSP, LAT, β-adrenergic receptors, GABA receptors, and GLUT4 glucose transporters). Critically, for integral membrane proteins, S-acylation can act as new a “self-sorting” signal to concentrate these cargoes in rims of Golgi cisternae, and to promote their rapid traffic through the Golgi or, potentially, to bypass the Golgi. We discuss this mechanism and examine its potential relevance to human physiology and disease, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jonathan S Bogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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26
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Schoberer J, Liebminger E, Vavra U, Veit C, Grünwald-Gruber C, Altmann F, Botchway SW, Strasser R. The Golgi Localization of GnTI Requires a Polar Amino Acid Residue within Its Transmembrane Domain. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:859-873. [PMID: 30971450 PMCID: PMC6548254 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus consists of stacked cisternae filled with enzymes that facilitate the sequential and highly controlled modification of glycans from proteins that transit through the organelle. Although the glycan processing pathways have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms that concentrate Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases and glycosidases in distinct Golgi compartments are poorly understood. The single-pass transmembrane domain (TMD) of n-acetylglucosaminyltransferaseI (GnTI) accounts for its steady-state distribution in the cis/medial-Golgi. Here, we investigated the contribution of individual amino acid residues within the TMD of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Nicotiana tabacum GnTI toward Golgi localization and n-glycan processing. Conserved sequence motifs within the TMD were replaced with those from the established trans-Golgi enzyme α2,6-sialyltransferase and site-directed mutagenesis was used to exchange individual amino acid residues. Subsequent subcellular localization of fluorescent fusion proteins and n-glycan profiling revealed that a conserved Gln residue in the GnTI TMD is essential for its cis/medial-Golgi localization. Substitution of the crucial Gln residue with other amino acids resulted in mislocalization to the vacuole and impaired n-glycan processing in vivo. Our results suggest that sequence-specific features of the GnTI TMD are required for its interaction with a Golgi-resident adaptor protein or a specific lipid environment that likely promotes coat protein complexI-mediated retrograde transport, thus maintaining the steady-state distribution of GnTI in the cis/medial-Golgi of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Liebminger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Veit
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell-Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Anderson NS, Barlowe C. Conserved juxtamembrane domains in the yeast golgin Coy1 drive assembly of a megadalton-sized complex and mediate binding to tethering and SNARE proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9690-9705. [PMID: 31073031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecture and organization of the Golgi complex depend on a family of coiled-coil proteins called golgins. Golgins are thought to form extended homodimers that are C-terminally anchored to Golgi membranes, whereas their N termini extend into the cytoplasm to initiate vesicle capture. Previously, we reported that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae golgin Coy1 contributes to intra-Golgi retrograde transport and binds to the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and multiple retrograde Golgi Q-SNAREs (where SNARE is soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor). Here, using various engineered yeast strains, membrane protein extraction and fractionation methods, and in vitro binding assays, we mapped the Coy1 regions responsible for these activities. We also report that Coy1 assembles into a megadalton-size complex and that assembly of this complex depends on the most C-terminal coiled-coil and a conserved region between this coiled-coil and the transmembrane domain of Coy1. We found that this conserved region is necessary and sufficient for binding the SNARE protein Sed5 and the COG complex. Mutagenesis of conserved arginine residues within the C-terminal coiled-coil disrupted oligomerization, binding, and function of Coy1. Our findings indicate that the stable incorporation of Coy1 into a higher-order oligomer is required for its interactions and role in maintaining Golgi homeostasis. We propose that Coy1 assembles into a docking platform that directs COG-bound vesicles toward cognate SNAREs on the Golgi membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Anderson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Charles Barlowe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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28
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Kim JD, Chun AY, Mangan RJ, Brown G, Mourao Pacheco B, Doyle H, Leonard A, El Bejjani R. A conserved retromer-independent function for RAB-6.2 in C. elegans epidermis integrity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223586. [PMID: 30665892 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab proteins are conserved small GTPases that coordinate intracellular trafficking essential to cellular function and homeostasis. RAB-6.2 is a highly conserved C. elegans ortholog of human RAB6 proteins. RAB-6.2 is expressed in most tissues in C. elegans and is known to function in neurons and in the intestine to mediate retrograde trafficking. Here, we show that RAB-6.2 is necessary for cuticle integrity and impermeability in C. elegans RAB-6.2 functions in the epidermis to instruct skin integrity. Significantly, we show that expression of a mouse RAB6A cDNA can rescue defects in C. elegans epidermis caused by lack of RAB-6.2, suggesting functional conservation across phyla. We also show that the novel function of RAB-6.2 in C. elegans cuticle development is distinct from its previously described function in neurons. Exocyst mutants partially phenocopy rab-6.2-null animals, and rab-6.2-null animals phenocopy mutants that have defective surface glycosylation. These results suggest that RAB-6.2 may mediate the trafficking of one or many secreted glycosylated cuticle proteins directly, or might act indirectly by trafficking glycosylation enzymes to their correct intracellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kim
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Andy Y Chun
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Riley J Mangan
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - George Brown
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | | | - Hannah Doyle
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Austin Leonard
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
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29
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Wehrle A, Witkos TM, Unger S, Schneider J, Follit JA, Hermann J, Welting T, Fano V, Hietala M, Vatanavicharn N, Schoner K, Spranger J, Schmidts M, Zabel B, Pazour GJ, Bloch-Zupan A, Nishimura G, Superti-Furga A, Lowe M, Lausch E. Hypomorphic mutations of TRIP11 cause odontochondrodysplasia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124701. [PMID: 30728324 PMCID: PMC6413787 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontochondrodysplasia (ODCD) is an unresolved genetic disorder of skeletal and dental development. Here, we show that ODCD is caused by hypomorphic TRIP11 mutations, and we identify ODCD as the nonlethal counterpart to achondrogenesis 1A (ACG1A), the known null phenotype in humans. TRIP11 encodes Golgi-associated microtubule-binding protein 210 (GMAP-210), an essential tether protein of the Golgi apparatus that physically interacts with intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20), a component of the ciliary intraflagellar transport complex B. This association and extraskeletal disease manifestations in ODCD point to a cilium-dependent pathogenesis. However, our functional studies in patient-derived primary cells clearly support a Golgi-based disease mechanism. In spite of reduced abundance, residual GMAP variants maintain partial Golgi integrity, normal global protein secretion, and subcellular distribution of IFT20 in ODCD. These functions are lost when GMAP-210 is completely abrogated in ACG1A. However, a similar defect in chondrocyte maturation is observed in both disorders, which produces a cellular achondrogenesis phenotype of different severity, ensuing from aberrant glycan processing and impaired extracellular matrix proteoglycan secretion by the Golgi apparatus. Bi-allelic mutations of TRIP11 cause a spectrum of skeletal phenotypes whose severity is primarily based on impaired secretory trafficking and aberrant glycan processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Wehrle
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz M Witkos
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judith Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John A Follit
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johannes Hermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Virginia Fano
- Hospital de Pediatria JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marja Hietala
- Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Katharina Schoner
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Spranger
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnes Bloch-Zupan
- Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Institute of Advanced Studies, USIAS, Strasbourg, France.,HUS, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires Hôpital Civil, Centre de référence des maladies rares orales et dentaires, O-Rares, Filière Santé Maladies rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children's Hospital, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Witkos TM, Chan WL, Joensuu M, Rhiel M, Pallister E, Thomas-Oates J, Mould AP, Mironov AA, Biot C, Guerardel Y, Morelle W, Ungar D, Wieland FT, Jokitalo E, Tassabehji M, Kornak U, Lowe M. GORAB scaffolds COPI at the trans-Golgi for efficient enzyme recycling and correct protein glycosylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:127. [PMID: 30631079 PMCID: PMC6328613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COPI is a key mediator of protein trafficking within the secretory pathway. COPI is recruited to the membrane primarily through binding to Arf GTPases, upon which it undergoes assembly to form coated transport intermediates responsible for trafficking numerous proteins, including Golgi-resident enzymes. Here, we identify GORAB, the protein mutated in the skin and bone disorder gerodermia osteodysplastica, as a component of the COPI machinery. GORAB forms stable domains at the trans-Golgi that, via interactions with the COPI-binding protein Scyl1, promote COPI recruitment to these domains. Pathogenic GORAB mutations perturb Scyl1 binding or GORAB assembly into domains, indicating the importance of these interactions. Loss of GORAB causes impairment of COPI-mediated retrieval of trans-Golgi enzymes, resulting in a deficit in glycosylation of secretory cargo proteins. Our results therefore identify GORAB as a COPI scaffolding factor, and support the view that defective protein glycosylation is a major disease mechanism in gerodermia osteodysplastica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Witkos
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wing Lee Chan
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Merja Joensuu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Clem Jones Centre of Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuel Rhiel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ed Pallister
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DG, UK
| | | | - A Paul Mould
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alex A Mironov
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Willy Morelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Felix T Wieland
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - May Tassabehji
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13353, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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31
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Blackburn JB, Kudlyk T, Pokrovskaya I, Lupashin VV. More than just sugars: Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex deficiency causes glycosylation-independent cellular defects. Traffic 2018; 19:463-480. [PMID: 29573151 PMCID: PMC5948163 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex controls membrane trafficking and ensures Golgi homeostasis by orchestrating retrograde vesicle trafficking within the Golgi. Human COG defects lead to severe multisystemic diseases known as COG-congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG-CDG). To gain better understanding of COG-CDGs, we compared COG knockout cells with cells deficient to 2 key enzymes, Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and uridine diphosphate-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE), which contribute to proper N- and O-glycosylation. While all knockout cells share similar defects in glycosylation, these defects only account for a small fraction of observed COG knockout phenotypes. Glycosylation deficiencies were not associated with the fragmented Golgi, abnormal endolysosomes, defective sorting and secretion or delayed retrograde trafficking, indicating that these phenotypes are probably not due to hypoglycosylation, but to other specific interactions or roles of the COG complex. Importantly, these COG deficiency specific phenotypes were also apparent in COG7-CDG patient fibroblasts, proving the human disease relevance of our CRISPR knockout findings. The knowledge gained from this study has important implications, both for understanding the physiological role of COG complex in Golgi homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, and for better understanding human diseases associated with COG/Golgi impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Tetyana Kudlyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Vladimir V Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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32
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Zhang X, Wang L, Lak B, Li J, Jokitalo E, Wang Y. GRASP55 Senses Glucose Deprivation through O-GlcNAcylation to Promote Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Dev Cell 2018; 45:245-261.e6. [PMID: 29689198 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is the central hub for protein trafficking and glycosylation in the secretory pathway. However, how the Golgi responds to glucose deprivation is so far unknown. Here, we report that GRASP55, the Golgi stacking protein located in medial- and trans-Golgi cisternae, is O-GlcNAcylated by the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT under growth conditions. Glucose deprivation reduces GRASP55 O-GlcNAcylation. De-O-GlcNAcylated GRASP55 forms puncta outside of the Golgi area, which co-localize with autophagosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes. GRASP55 depletion reduces autophagic flux and results in autophagosome accumulation, while expression of an O-GlcNAcylation-deficient mutant of GRASP55 accelerates autophagic flux. Biochemically, GRASP55 interacts with LC3-II on the autophagosomes and LAMP2 on late endosomes/lysosomes and functions as a bridge between LC3-II and LAMP2 for autophagosome and lysosome fusion; this function is negatively regulated by GRASP55 O-GlcNAcylation. Therefore, GRASP55 senses glucose levels through O-GlcNAcylation and acts as a tether to facilitate autophagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
| | - Leibin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Behnam Lak
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
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33
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Zhao H, Wang J, Wang T. The V-ATPase V1 subunit A1 is required for rhodopsin anterograde trafficking in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1640-1651. [PMID: 29742016 PMCID: PMC6080656 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-09-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and maturation of the light sensor, rhodopsin, are critical for the maintenance of light sensitivity and for photoreceptor homeostasis. In Drosophila, the main rhodopsin, Rh1, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the rhabdomere through the secretory pathway. In an unbiased genetic screen for factors involved in rhodopsin homeostasis, we identified mutations in vha68-1, which encodes the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) catalytic subunit A isoform 1 of the V1 component. Loss of vha68-1 in photoreceptor cells disrupted post-Golgi anterograde trafficking of Rh1, reduced light sensitivity, increased secretory vesicle pH, and resulted in incomplete Rh1 deglycosylation. In addition, vha68-1 was required for activity-independent photoreceptor cell survival. Importantly, vha68-1 mutants exhibited phenotypes similar to those exhibited by mutations in the V0 component of V-ATPase, vha100-1. These data demonstrate that the V1 and V0 components of V-ATPase play key roles in post-Golgi trafficking of Rh1 and that Drosophila may represent an important animal model system for studying diseases associated with V-ATPase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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34
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Wilson KM, Jagger AM, Walker M, Seinkmane E, Fox JM, Kröger R, Genever P, Ungar D. Glycans modify mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to impact on the function of resulting osteoblasts. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209452. [PMID: 29361539 PMCID: PMC5868951 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are inherently heterogeneous, yet glycosylation is essential in eukaryotes, and glycans show characteristic cell type-dependent distributions. By using an immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) line model, we show that both N- and O-glycan processing in the Golgi functionally modulates early steps of osteogenic differentiation. We found that inhibiting O-glycan processing in the Golgi prior to the start of osteogenesis inhibited the mineralization capacity of the formed osteoblasts 3 weeks later. In contrast, inhibition of N-glycan processing in MSCs altered differentiation to enhance the mineralization capacity of the osteoblasts. The effect of N-glycans on MSC differentiation was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway owing to reduced Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, by inhibiting PI3K during the first 2 days of osteogenesis, we were able to phenocopy the effect of inhibiting N-glycan processing. Thus, glycan processing provides another layer of regulation that can modulate the functional outcome of differentiation. Glycan processing can thereby offer a novel set of targets for many therapeutically attractive processes. Summary: Both N- and O-glycan processing modulate MSC differentiation early during osteogenesis to influence mineral formation. Inhibition of N-glycan processing increases mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Walker
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - James M Fox
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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35
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Blood plasma/IgG N-glycome biosignatures associated with major depressive disorder symptom severity and the antidepressant response. Sci Rep 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 29317657 PMCID: PMC5760622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While N-linked glycosylation has been extensively studied in the context of inflammatory and metabolic disorders, its relationship with major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant treatment response has not been investigated. In our exploratory study, we analysed N-glycan profiles in blood plasma samples collected from MDD patients (n = 18) and found gender-dependent correlations with severity of depressive symptoms prior to initiating antidepressant treatment. In addition, several N-glycosylation traits showed gender-dependent associations with clinical antidepressant response. Follow up proteomics analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from MDD patients (n = 20) identified baseline and post-antidepressant treatment pathway differences between responder and non-responder patients. Reactome data analysis further delineated potential biological reaction differences between responder and non-responder patients. Our preliminary results suggest that specific glycosylation traits are associated with depressive symptom severity and antidepressant response and may be of use as biomarkers.
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36
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Cottam NP, Ungar D. Cell-free Fluorescent Intra-Golgi Retrograde Vesicle Trafficking Assay. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2616. [PMID: 29201946 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-Golgi retrograde vesicle transport is used to traffic and sort resident Golgi enzymes to their appropriate cisternal locations. An assay was established to investigate the molecular details of vesicle targeting in a cell-free system. Stable cell lines were generated in which the trans-Golgi enzyme galactosyltransferase (GalT) was tagged with either CFP or YFP. Given that GalT is recycled to the cisterna where it is located at steady state, GalT-containing vesicles target GalT-containing cisternal membranes. Golgi membranes were therefore isolated from GalT-CFP expressing cells, while vesicles were prepared from GalT-YFP expressing ones. Incubating CFP-labelled Golgi with YFP-labelled vesicles in the presence of cytosol and an energy regeneration mixture at 37 °C produced a significant increase in CFP-YFP co-localization upon fluorescent imaging of the mixture compared to incubation on ice. The assay was validated to require energy, proteins and physiologically important trafficking components such as Rab GTPases and the conserved oligomeric Golgi tethering complex. This assay is useful for the investigation of both physiological and pathological changes that affect the Golgi trafficking machinery, in particular, vesicle tethering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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Anderson NS, Mukherjee I, Bentivoglio CM, Barlowe C. The Golgin protein Coy1 functions in intra-Golgi retrograde transport and interacts with the COG complex and Golgi SNAREs. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:mbc.E17-03-0137. [PMID: 28794270 PMCID: PMC5620376 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended coiled-coil proteins of the Golgin family play prominent roles in maintaining the structure and function of the Golgi complex. Here we further investigate the Golgin protein Coy1 and document its function in retrograde transport between early Golgi compartments. Cells that lack Coy1 displayed a reduced half-life of the Och1 mannosyltransferase, an established cargo of intra-Golgi retrograde transport. Combining the coy1Δ mutation with deletions in other putative retrograde Golgins (sgm1Δ and rud3Δ) caused strong glycosylation and growth defects and reduced membrane association of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex. In contrast, overexpression of COY1 inhibited the growth of mutant strains deficient in fusion activity at the Golgi (sed5-1 and sly1-ts). To map Coy1 protein interactions, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an association with the Conserved Oliogmeric Golgi (COG) complex and with intra-Golgi SNARE proteins. These physical interactions are direct, as Coy1 was efficiently captured in vitro by Lobe A of the COG complex and the purified SNARE proteins Gos1, Sed5 and Sft1. Thus, our genetic, in vivo, and biochemical data indicate a role for Coy1 in regulating COG complex-dependent fusion of retrograde-directed COPI vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Christine M Bentivoglio
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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Bruneel A, Habarou F, Stojkovic T, Plouviez G, Bougas L, Guillemet F, Brient N, Henry D, Dupré T, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Seta N. Two-dimensional electrophoresis highlights haptoglobin beta chain as an additional biomarker of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 470:70-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Skeene K, Walker M, Clarke G, Bergström E, Genever P, Ungar D, Thomas-Oates J. One Filter, One Sample, and the N- and O-Glyco(proteo)me: Toward a System to Study Disorders of Protein Glycosylation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5840-5849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graham Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
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Aguilera-Gomez A, Rabouille C. Membrane-bound organelles versus membrane-less compartments and their control of anabolic pathways in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2017; 428:310-317. [PMID: 28377034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Classically, we think of cell compartmentalization as being achieved by membrane-bound organelles. It has nevertheless emerged that membrane-less assemblies also largely contribute to this compartmentalization. Here, we compare the characteristics of both types of compartmentalization in term of maintenance of functional identities. Furthermore, membrane less-compartments are critical for sustaining developmental and cell biological events as they control major metabolic pathways. We describe two examples related to this issue in Drosophila, the role of P-bodies in the translational control of gurken in the Drosophila oocyte, and the formation of Sec bodies upon amino-acid starvation in Drosophila cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, UMC Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Biomimetic Principles to Develop Blood Compatible Surfaces. Int J Artif Organs 2017; 40:22-30. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized biomaterial surface patterns capable of resisting nonspecific adsorption while retaining their bioactivity are crucial in the advancement of biomedical technologies, but currently available biomaterials intended for use in whole blood frequently suffer from nonspecific adsorption of proteins and cells, leading to a loss of activity over time. In this review, we address two concepts for the design and modification of blood compatible biomaterial surfaces, zwitterionic modification and surface functionalization with glycans – both of which are inspired by the membrane structure of mammalian cells – and discuss their potential for biomedical applications.
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