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Luca T, Pezzino S, Puleo S, Castorina S. Lesson on obesity and anatomy of adipose tissue: new models of study in the era of clinical and translational research. J Transl Med 2024; 22:764. [PMID: 39143643 PMCID: PMC11323604 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious global illness that is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes are the typical cells of adipose organ, which is composed of at least two different tissues, white and brown adipose tissue. They functionally cooperate, interconverting each other under physiological conditions, but differ in their anatomy, physiology, and endocrine functions. Different cellular models have been proposed to study adipose tissue in vitro. They are also useful for elucidating the mechanisms that are responsible for a pathological condition, such as obesity, and for testing therapeutic strategies. Each cell model has its own characteristics, culture conditions, advantages and disadvantages. The choice of one model rather than another depends on the specific study the researcher is conducting. In recent decades, three-dimensional cultures, such as adipose spheroids, have become very attractive because they more closely resemble the phenotype of freshly isolated cells. The use of such models has developed in parallel with the evolution of translational research, an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field, which aims to learn a scientific translational approach to improve human health and longevity. The focus of the present review is on the growing body of data linking the use of new cell models and the spread of translational research. Also, we discuss the possibility, for the future, to employ new three-dimensional adipose tissue cell models to promote the transition from benchside to bedsite and vice versa, allowing translational research to become routine, with the final goal of obtaining clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
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2
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Ruiz CF, Garcia C, Jacox JB, Lawres L, Muzumdar MD. Decoding the obesity-cancer connection: lessons from preclinical models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302228. [PMID: 37648285 PMCID: PMC10474221 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state of energy excess and a risk factor for over a dozen cancer types. Because of the rising worldwide prevalence of obesity, decoding the mechanisms by which obesity promotes tumor initiation and early progression is a societal imperative and could broadly impact human health. Here, we review results from preclinical models that link obesity to cancer, using pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a paradigmatic example. We discuss how obesity drives cancer development by reprogramming the pretumor or tumor cell and its micro- and macro-environments. Specifically, we describe evidence for (1) altered cellular metabolism, (2) hormone dysregulation, (3) inflammation, and (4) microbial dysbiosis in obesity-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis, denoting variables that confound interpretation of these studies, and highlight remaining gaps in knowledge. Recent advances in preclinical modeling and emerging unbiased analytic approaches will aid in further unraveling the complex link between obesity and cancer, informing novel strategies for prevention, interception, and therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Ruiz
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cathy Garcia
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy B Jacox
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Lawres
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mandar D Muzumdar
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Department of Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- https://ror.org/03v76x132 Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Li N, Zhu Y. Pancreatic Organoids: A Frontier Method for Investigating Pancreatic-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044027. [PMID: 36835437 PMCID: PMC9959977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas represents an important organ that has not been comprehensively studied in many fields. To fill this gap, many models have been generated, and traditional models have shown good performance in addressing pancreatic-related diseases, but are increasingly struggling to keep up with the need for further research due to ethical issues, genetic heterogeneity and difficult clinical translation. The new era calls for new and more reliable research models. Therefore, organoids have been proposed as a novel model for the evaluation of pancreatic-related diseases such as pancreatic malignancy, diabetes, and pancreatic cystic fibrosis. Compared with common traditional models, including 2D cell culture and gene editing mice, organoids derived from living humans or mice cause minimal harm to the donor, raise fewer ethical concerns, and reasonably address the claims of heterogeneity, which allows for the further development of pathogenesis studies and clinical trial analysis. In this review, we analyse studies on the use of pancreatic organoids in research on pancreatic-related diseases, discuss the advantages and disadvantages, and hypothesize future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
| | - Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Kfoury S, Michl P, Roth L. Modeling Obesity-Driven Pancreatic Carcinogenesis-A Review of Current In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Obesity and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193170. [PMID: 36231132 PMCID: PMC9563584 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy with a 5-year survival rate below 10%, thereby exhibiting the worst prognosis of all solid tumors. Increasing incidence together with a continued lack of targeted treatment options will cause PDAC to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world by 2030. Obesity belongs to the predominant risk factors for pancreatic cancer. To improve our understanding of the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer development and progression, novel laboratory techniques have been developed. In this review, we summarize current in vitro and in vivo models of PDAC and obesity as well as an overview of a variety of models to investigate obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. We start by giving an overview on different methods to cultivate adipocytes in vitro as well as various in vivo mouse models of obesity. Moreover, established murine and human PDAC cell lines as well as organoids are summarized and the genetically engineered models of PCAC compared to xenograft models are introduced. Finally, we review published in vitro and in vivo models studying the impact of obesity on PDAC, enabling us to decipher the molecular basis of obesity-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kfoury
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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5
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Ahmed M, Elashkar O, Lee JY, Jeong EA, Kim KE, Roh GS, Kim DR. Tissue-specific gene expression in obese hyperglycemic mice. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2078896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Ae Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Bio Anti-aging Medical Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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6
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The Diverse Applications of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194979. [PMID: 34638463 PMCID: PMC8508245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies. While immortalized cancer cell lines and genetically engineered murine models have increased our understanding of PDAC tumorigenesis, they do not recapitulate inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity. PDAC patient derived organoid (PDO) biobanks have overcome this hurdle, and provide an opportunity for the high throughput screening of potential new therapies. This review provides a summary of the PDAC PDO biobanks established to date, and discusses how they have advanced our understanding of PDAC biology. Looking forward, the development of coculturing techniques for specific immune or stromal cell populations will enable a better understanding of the crosstalk that occurs within the tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this crosstalk on treatment response.
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7
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De Maria Marchiano R, Di Sante G, Piro G, Carbone C, Tortora G, Boldrini L, Pietragalla A, Daniele G, Tredicine M, Cesario A, Valentini V, Gallo D, Babini G, D’Oria M, Scambia G. Translational Research in the Era of Precision Medicine: Where We Are and Where We Will Go. J Pers Med 2021; 11:216. [PMID: 33803592 PMCID: PMC8002976 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of Precision Medicine has globally revolutionized the approach of translational research suggesting a patient-centric vision with therapeutic choices driven by the identification of specific predictive biomarkers of response to avoid ineffective therapies and reduce adverse effects. The spread of "multi-omics" analysis and the use of sensors, together with the ability to acquire clinical, behavioral, and environmental information on a large scale, will allow the digitization of the state of health or disease of each person, and the creation of a global health management system capable of generating real-time knowledge and new opportunities for prevention and therapy in the individual person (high-definition medicine). Real world data-based translational applications represent a promising alternative to the traditional evidence-based medicine (EBM) approaches that are based on the use of randomized clinical trials to test the selected hypothesis. Multi-modality data integration is necessary for example in precision oncology where an Avatar interface allows several simulations in order to define the best therapeutic scheme for each cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero De Maria Marchiano
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy or (R.D.M.M.); (M.T.)
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); or (G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy or (R.D.M.M.); (M.T.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Geny Piro
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Boldrini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pietragalla
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy or (R.D.M.M.); (M.T.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Alfredo Cesario
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); or (G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of di Radiology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Babini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika D’Oria
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); or (G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); or (G.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); or (G.T.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.D.); or (V.V.); or (D.G.); (G.B.)
- Unità di Medicina Traslazionale per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Xing C, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Liu M, Hu X, Chen W, Du Y. Integrate analysis of the promote function of Cell division cycle-associated protein family to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:672-684. [PMID: 33437202 PMCID: PMC7797531 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) protein family plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle during tumorigenesis and predicts the prognosis of tumors, but an analysis of these proteins in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is still lacking. Methods: Oncomine and GEPIA were used to observe the expression and prognostic value of eight CDCAs in pan-cancer. Univariate Cox analysis of single CDCAs and multivariate Cox analysis of all eight CDCAs were performed to evaluate the integrated prognostic value of CDCAs, and the results are displayed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). K-M plots and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to display the predicted function and accuracy of CDCAs to determine the risk score. Annotation of CDCA-related genes, gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene sets variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to reveal the CDCAs that impact biological processes. Results: CDCAs expression in most tumors is higher than that in normal tissues and is associated with a poor prognosis. Regarding PAAD, increased CDCA expression along with advanced PAAD tumor stage, NUF2, CDCA2, CDCA3, CDCA4 and CDCA5 expression are risk factors for poor prognosis, while CBX2 expression is a protective factor (P < 0.05). The integrated prognostic value of CDCAs in PAAD patients was validated by SurvExpress in the TCGA-PAAD cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.41-3.3) and the ICGC-PACA cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.73-3.79). Genetic alteration and DNA methylation of CDCAs might not affect the prognosis of PAAD patients. After comparing high- and low-risk groups separated by CDCA risk scores, the activated pathways were revealed and included the cell cycle, DNA repair, P53, MYC-targets, E2F-targets and PI3K pathways. Conclusion: CDCAs can predict the OS prognosis of PAAD patients. The cell cycle, DNA repair, E2F, P53 and PI3K signaling pathways, in which CDCAs are involved, impact the tumorigenesis of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianyu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yinan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
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9
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Chen H, Zhuo Q, Ye Z, Xu X, Ji S. Organoid model: A new hope for pancreatic cancer treatment? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188466. [PMID: 33160014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor prognosis. We still have many questions about the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and precise treatment of this disease. Organoids, a rapidly emerging technology, can simulate the characteristics of pancreatic tumors. Using the organoid model of pancreatic cancer, we can study and explore the characteristics of pancreatic cancer, thereby effectively guiding clinical practice and improving patient prognosis. This review introduces the development of organoids, comparisons of organoids with other preclinical models and the status of organoids in basic research and clinical applications for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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