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Rosca OC, Vele OE. Microsatellite Instability, Mismatch Repair, and Tumor Mutation Burden in Lung Cancer. Surg Pathol Clin 2024; 17:295-305. [PMID: 38692812 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Since US Food and Drug Administration approval of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as the first companion diagnostic for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer, many patients have experienced increased overall survival. To improve selection of ICI responders versus nonresponders, microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency (MSI/MMR) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) came into play. Clinical data show PD-L1, MSI/MMR, and TMB are independent predictive immunotherapy biomarkers. Harmonization of testing methodologies, optimization of assay design, and results analysis are ongoing. Future algorithms to determine immunotherapy eligibility might involve complementary use of current and novel biomarkers. Artificial intelligence could facilitate algorithm implementation to convert complex genetic data into recommendations for specific ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Rosca
- Molecular Pathologist/Cytopathologist, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2200 Northern Boulevard, Suite 104, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA.
| | - Oana E Vele
- Molecular Pathologist/Cytopathologist, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10075, USA
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Pan B, Cheng J, Tan W, Wu X, Fan Q, Fan L, Jiang M, Yu R, Cheng X, Deng Y. Pan-cancer analysis of LRRC59 with a focus on prognostic and immunological roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8171-8197. [PMID: 38738999 PMCID: PMC11131990 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRRC59 is a leucine-rich repeats-containing protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it serves as a prognostic marker in several cancers. However, there has been no systematic analysis of its role in the tumor immune microenvironment, nor its predictive value of prognosis and immunotherapy response in different cancers. METHODS A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of LRRC59 was conducted from various databases to elucidate the associations between its expression and the prognosis of cancer, genetic alterations, tumor metabolism, and tumor immunity. Additionally, further functional assays were performed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to study its biological role in regulating cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and sensitivity to immunotherapy. RESULTS The pan-cancer analysis reveals a significant upregulation of LRRC59 in pan-cancer, and its overexpression is correlated with unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients. LRRC59 is negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration, tumor purity estimation, and immune checkpoint genes. Finally, the validation in HCC demonstrates LRRC59 is significantly overexpressed in cancer tissue and cell lines, and its knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and migration, promotes cell apoptosis, induces cell cycle arrest, and enhances the sensitivity to immunotherapy in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS LRRC59 emerges as a novel potential prognostic biomarker across malignancies, offering promise for anti-cancer drugs and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, Hunan, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qizhi Fan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, Hunan, China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Youwen Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Venetis K, Sajjadi E, Ivanova M, Peccatori FA, Fusco N, Guerini-Rocco E. Characterization of the immune environment in pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Future Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37376974 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PrBC) is a rare and clinically challenging condition. Specific immune mechanisms and pathways are involved in maternal-fetal tolerance and tumor-host immunoediting. The comprehension of the molecular processes underpinning this immune synergy in PrBC is needed to improve patients' clinical management. Only a few studies focused on the immune biology of PrBC and attempted to identify bona fide biomarkers. Therefore, clinically actionable information remains extremely puzzling for these patients. In this review article, we discuss the current knowledge on the immune environment of PrBC, in comparison with pregnancy-unrelated breast cancer and in the context of maternal immune changes during pregnancy. A particular emphasis is given to the actual role of potential immune-related biomarkers for PrBC clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Fedro Alessandro Peccatori
- Fertility & Procreation Unit, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20141, Italy
- Department of Oncology & Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
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Chakravarty D, Johnson A, Sklar J, Lindeman NI, Moore K, Ganesan S, Lovly CM, Perlmutter J, Gray SW, Hwang J, Lieu C, André F, Azad N, Borad M, Tafe L, Messersmith H, Robson M, Meric-Bernstam F. Somatic Genomic Testing in Patients With Metastatic or Advanced Cancer: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1231-1258. [PMID: 35175857 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An ASCO provisional clinical opinion offers timely clinical direction to ASCO's membership following publication or presentation of potentially practice-changing data from major studies. This provisional clinical opinion addresses the appropriate use of tumor genomic testing in patients with metastatic or advanced solid tumors. CLINICAL CONTEXT An increasing number of therapies are approved to treat cancers harboring specific genomic biomarkers. However, there is a lack of clarity as to when tumor genomic sequencing should be ordered, what type of assays should be performed, and how to interpret the results for treatment selection. PROVISIONAL CLINICAL OPINION Patients with metastatic or advanced cancer should undergo genomic sequencing in a certified laboratory if the presence of one or more specific genomic alterations has regulatory approval as biomarkers to guide the use of or exclusion from certain treatments for their disease. Multigene panel-based assays should be used if more than one biomarker-linked therapy is approved for the patient's disease. Site-agnostic approvals for any cancer with a high tumor mutation burden, mismatch repair deficiency, or neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions provide a rationale for genomic testing for all solid tumors. Multigene testing may also assist in treatment selection by identifying additional targets when there are few or no genotype-based therapy approvals for the patient's disease. For treatment planning, the clinician should consider the functional impact of the targeted alteration and expected efficacy of genomic biomarker-linked options relative to other approved or investigational treatments.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/assays-and-predictive-markers-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neal I Lindeman
- Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrice André
- PRISM, Precision Medicine Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Laura Tafe
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Darmouth, NH
| | | | - Mark Robson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY
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Uhe I, Hagen ME, Ris F, Meyer J, Toso C, Douissard J. Cell-free DNA liquid biopsy for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1799-1812. [PMID: 34853652 PMCID: PMC8603462 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors are among the most common cancer types, and early detection is paramount to improve their management. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) liquid biopsy raises significant hopes for non-invasive early detection.
AIM To describe current applications of this technology for gastrointestinal cancer detection and screening.
METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed across the PubMed database. Articles reporting the use of cfDNA liquid biopsy in the screening or diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers were included in the analysis.
RESULTS A total of 263 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 13 articles were included. Studies investigated colorectal cancer (5 studies), pancreatic cancer (2 studies), hepatocellular carcinoma (3 studies), and multi-cancer detection (3 studies), including gastric, oesophageal, or bile duct cancer, representing a total of 4824 patients. Test sensitivities ranged from 71% to 100%, and specificities ranged from 67.4% to 100%. Pre-cancerous lesions detection was less performant with a sensitivity of 16.9% and a 100% specificity in one study. Another study using a large biobank demonstrated a 94.9% sensitivity in detecting cancer up to 4 years before clinical symptoms, with a 61% accuracy in tissue-of-origin identification.
CONCLUSION cfDNA liquid biopsy seems capable of detecting gastrointestinal cancers at an early stage of development in a non-invasive and repeatable manner and screening simultaneously for multiple cancer types in a single blood sample. Further trials in clinically relevant settings are required to determine the exact place of this technology in gastrointestinal cancer screening and diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Uhe
- Abdominal Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Ris
- Abdominal Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Abdominal Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Abdominal Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Douissard
- Abdominal Surgery Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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