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Anish RJ, Nair A. Osteoporosis management-current and future perspectives - A systemic review. J Orthop 2024; 53:101-113. [PMID: 38495575 PMCID: PMC10940894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is a geriatric metabolic ailment distinguished by low bone mineral density (BMD) and strength with enhanced micro-architectural retrogression of the extracellular matrix, further increasing bone fragility risk. Osteoporotic fractures and associated complications become common in women and men after 55 and 65 years, respectively. The loss in BMD markedly enhances the risk of fracture, non-skeletal injury, and subsequent pain, adversely affecting the quality of life. Methods Data summarised in this review were sourced and summarised, including contributions from 2008 to 2023, online from scientific search engines, based on scientific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Biochemical serum markers such as BALP, collagen, osteocalcin, and cathepsin-K levels can reveal the osteoporotic status. DEXA scan techniques evaluate the whole body's BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), crucial in osteoporosis management. Anabolic and anti-osteoporotic agents are commonly used to enhance bone formation, minimize bone resorption, and regulate remodelling. The challenges and side effects of drug therapy can be overcome by combining the various drug moieties. Conclusion The current review discusses the management protocol for osteoporosis, ranging from lifestyle modification, including physical exercise, pharmaceutical approaches, drug delivery applications, and advanced therapeutic possibilities of AI and machine learning techniques to reduce osteoporosis complications and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohanan Jalaja Anish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, 695581, India
| | - Aswathy Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom Campus, Trivandrum, 695581, India
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Veselá B, Ševčíková A, Holomková K, Ramešová A, Kratochvílova A, Sharpe PT, Matalová E. Inhibition of caspase-8 cascade restrains the osteoclastogenic fate of bone marrow cells. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02977-2. [PMID: 38833170 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, with a pivotal role in bone development and remodeling. Failure in osteoclast differentiation and activation leads to various bone disorders; thus, attention has focused on a search of molecules involved in osteoclast regulatory pathways. Caspase-8 appears to be an interesting candidate for further exploration, due to its potential function in bone development and homeostasis. Mouse bone marrow cells were differentiated into osteoclasts by RANKL stimulation. Increased activation of caspase-8 and its downstream executioner caspases (caspase-3 and caspase-6) was found during osteoclastogenesis. Subsequent inhibition of caspase-8, caspase-3, or caspase-6, respectively, during osteoclast differentiation showed distinct changes in the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and reduced expression of osteoclast markers including Acp5, Ctsk, Dcstamp, and Mmp9. Analysis of bone matrix resorption confirmed significantly reduced osteoclast function after caspase inhibition. The results clearly showed the role of caspases in the proper development of osteoclasts and contributed new knowledge about non-apoptotic function of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Adéla Ševčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holomková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ramešová
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Centre of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adéla Kratochvílova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Matalová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Joshi N, Yan J, Dang M, Slaughter K, Wang Y, Wu D, Ung T, Pandya V, Chen MX, Kaur S, Bhagchandani S, Alfassam HA, Joseph J, Gao J, Dewani M, Yip RCS, Weldon E, Shah P, Shukla C, Sherman NE, Luo JN, Conway T, Eickhoff JP, Botelho L, Alhasan AH, Karp JM, Ermann J. A Mechanically Resilient Soft Hydrogel Improves Drug Delivery for Treating Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Physically Active Joints. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594611. [PMID: 38826308 PMCID: PMC11142096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Intra-articular delivery of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) is likely to be most effective in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) when symptoms are minimal and patients are physically active. DMOAD delivery systems therefore must withstand repeated mechanical loading without affecting the drug release kinetics. Although soft materials are preferred for DMOAD delivery, mechanical loading can compromise their structural integrity and disrupt drug release. Here, we report a mechanically resilient soft hydrogel that rapidly self-heals under conditions resembling human running while maintaining sustained release of the cathepsin-K inhibitor L-006235 used as a proof-of-concept DMOAD. Notably, this hydrogel outperformed a previously reported hydrogel designed for intra-articular drug delivery, used as a control in our study, which neither recovered nor maintained drug release under mechanical loading. Upon injection into mouse knee joints, the hydrogel showed consistent release kinetics of the encapsulated agent in both treadmill-running and non-running mice. In a mouse model of aggressive PTOA exacerbated by treadmill running, L-006235 hydrogel markedly reduced cartilage degeneration. To our knowledge, this is the first hydrogel proven to withstand human running conditions and enable sustained DMOAD delivery in physically active joints, and the first study demonstrating reduced disease progression in a severe PTOA model under rigorous physical activity, highlighting the hydrogel's potential for PTOA treatment in active patients.
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Gao T, Yu C, Shi X, Hu Y, Chang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Jia X, Mao Y. Artemisinic acid attenuates osteoclast formation and titanium particle-induced osteolysis via inhibition of RANKL-induced ROS accumulation and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345380. [PMID: 38751789 PMCID: PMC11094322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is the most common cause of joint arthroplasty failure. Its progression involves both biological and mechanical factors. Osteoclastogenesis induced by wear from debris-cell interactions, ultimately leading to excessive bone erosion, is considered the primary cause of PPO; therefore, targeting osteoclasts is a promising treatment approach. Currently available drugs have various side effects and limitations. Artemisinic acid (ArA) is a sesquiterpene isolated from the traditional herb Artemisia annua L. that has various pharmacological effects, such as antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of ArA on osteoclast formation and bone resorption function in vitro, as well as wear particle-induced osteolysis in vivo, and to explore its molecular mechanism of action. Here, we report that ArA inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and function. Mechanistically, ArA suppresses intracellular reactive oxygen species levels by activating the antioxidant response via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway upregulation. It also inhibits the mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, as well as the transcription and expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ArA reduces osteoclast formation and alleviates titanium particle-induced calvarial osteolysis. Collectively, our study highlights that ArA, with its osteoprotective and antioxidant effects, is a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating PPO and other osteoclast-mediated osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kannan P, A HB, N MP, D TK, Ramanathan G, Eswaramoorthy R, Ramasamy M. Unravelling the Relacatib activity against the CTSK proteins causing pycnodysostosis: a molecular docking and dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4121-4132. [PMID: 37255004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2218927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pycnodysostosis is an atypical autosomal recessive condition of Lysosomal storage disorder that originated due to the deficit of the enzyme Cathepsin K which is vital for normal osteoclast action in bone resorption. Abnormal degradation of type 1 collagen and accumulation of toxic undigested collagen fibers in lysosomes of the osteoclast cells resulting in high bone density, brittle bones, and a short stature is caused in CTSK protein-carrying individuals. The broad aim of this study is to identify the most significant variant through various computational pipelines. This study was initiated by retrieving a total number of thirty-six variants from NCBI, HGMD, and UniProt databases, and the Y283C variant was found to be more significant by various standard computational tools. A structural investigation was performed to understand and gain a better knowledge about the interaction profile for the native (1BY8) and variant (Y283C) with Relacatib (a small-molecule drug that blocks the function of Cathepsin K, an enzyme that has been linked to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and other bone-degrading diseases). The interaction profile was analyzed using molecular docking. Relacatib (ligand) had an average binding affinity for both native (-7.16 kcal/mol) and Y283C (-6.76 kcal/mol). Finally, Molecular dynamics simulations were done in duplicates to recognize the variant (Y283C) activity of the protein structure against Relacatib for 100 ns. This study assists in comprehending the most pathogenic amino-acid variant, the ligand interaction with the protein structure, and paves the way for understanding the steadiness of the ligand with the native and selected significant amino-acid variant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Hadeefa Begum A
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Madhana Priya N
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Thirumal Kumar D
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gnansambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Magesh Ramasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
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Parwez S, Chaurasia A, Mahapatra PP, Ahmed S, Siddiqi MI. Integrated machine learning-based virtual screening and biological evaluation for identification of potential inhibitors against cathepsin K. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10845-5. [PMID: 38662177 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a type of cysteine proteinase that is primarily expressed in osteoclasts and has a key role in the breakdown of bone matrix protein during bone resorption. Many studies suggest that the deficiency of cathepsin K is concomitant with a suppression of osteoclast functioning, therefore rendering the resorptive properties of cathepsin K the most prominent target for osteoporosis. This innovative work has identified a novel anti-osteoporotic agent against Cathepsin K by using a comparison of machine learning and deep learning-based virtual screening followed by their biological evaluation. Out of ten shortlisted compounds, five of the compounds (JFD02945, JFD02944, RJC01981, KM08968 and SB01934) exhibit more than 50% inhibition of the Cathepsin K activity at 0.1 μM concentration and are considered to have a promising inhibitory effect against Cathepsin K. The comprehensive docking, MD simulation, and MM/PBSA investigations affirm the stable and effective interaction of these compounds with Cathepsin K to inhibit its function. Furthermore, the compounds RJC01981, KM08968 and SB01934 are represented to have promising anti-osteoporotic properties for the management of osteoporosis owing to their significantly well predicted ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Parwez
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Animesh Chaurasia
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pinaki Parsad Mahapatra
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Daponte V, Henke K, Drissi H. Current perspectives on the multiple roles of osteoclasts: Mechanisms of osteoclast-osteoblast communication and potential clinical implications. eLife 2024; 13:e95083. [PMID: 38591777 PMCID: PMC11003748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a complex process involving the coordinated actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain bone homeostasis. While the influence of osteoblasts on osteoclast differentiation is well established, the reciprocal regulation of osteoblasts by osteoclasts has long remained enigmatic. In the past few years, a fascinating new role for osteoclasts has been unveiled in promoting bone formation and facilitating osteoblast migration to the remodeling sites through a number of different mechanisms, including the release of factors from the bone matrix following bone resorption and direct cell-cell interactions. Additionally, considerable evidence has shown that osteoclasts can secrete coupling factors known as clastokines, emphasizing the crucial role of these cells in maintaining bone homeostasis. Due to their osteoprotective function, clastokines hold great promise as potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases. However, despite long-standing work to uncover new clastokines and their effect in vivo, more substantial efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms and pathways behind their activity in order to translate them into therapies. This comprehensive review provides insights into our evolving understanding of the osteoclast function, highlights the significance of clastokines in bone remodeling, and explores their potential as treatments for bone diseases suggesting future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Daponte
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- VA Medical CenterAtlantaUnited States
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
- VA Medical CenterAtlantaUnited States
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Pugazhendhi AS, Seal A, Hughes M, Kumar U, Kolanthai E, Wei F, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Extracellular Proteins Isolated from L. acidophilus as an Osteomicrobiological Therapeutic Agent to Reduce Pathogenic Biofilm Formation, Regulate Chronic Inflammation, and Augment Bone Formation In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302835. [PMID: 38117082 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication that can occur following joint replacement surgery. Efficacious strategies to prevent and treat PJI and its recurrence remain elusive. Commensal bacteria within the gut convey beneficial effects through a defense strategy named "colonization resistance" thereby preventing pathogenic infection along the intestinal surface. This blueprint may be applicable to PJI. The aim is to investigate Lactobacillus acidophilus spp. and their isolated extracellular-derived proteins (LaEPs) on PJI-relevant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Escherichia coli planktonic growth and biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of LaEPs on cultured macrophages and osteogenic, and adipogenic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation is analyzed. Data show electrostatically-induced probiotic-pathogen species co-aggregation and pathogenic growth inhibition together with LaEP-induced biofilm prevention. LaEPs prime macrophages for enhanced microbial phagocytosis via cathepsin K, reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA damage and receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand expression, and promote a reparative M2 macrophage morphology under chronic inflammatory conditions. LaEPs also significantly augment bone deposition while abating adipogenesis thus holding promise as a potential multimodal therapeutic strategy. Proteomic analyses highlight high abundance of lysyl endopeptidase, and urocanate reductase. Further, in vivo analyses are warranted to elucidate their role in the prevention and treatment of PJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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Makareeva E, Sousa M, Kent T, de Castro LF, Collins MT, Leikin S. RNA-based bone histomorphometry: method and its application to explaining postpubertal bone gain in a G610C mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:177-189. [PMID: 38477760 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone histomorphometry is a well-established approach to assessing skeletal pathology, providing a standard evaluation of the cellular components, architecture, mineralization, and growth of bone tissue. However, it depends in part on the subjective interpretation of cellular morphology by an expert, which introduces bias. In addition, diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and fibrous dysplasia are accompanied by changes in the morphology and function of skeletal tissue and cells, hindering consistent evaluation of some morphometric parameters and interpretation of the results. For instance, traditional histomorphometry combined with collagen turnover markers suggested that reduced bone formation in classical OI is accompanied by increased bone resorption. In contrast, the well-documented postpubertal reduction in fractures would be easier to explain by reduced bone resorption after puberty, highlighting the need for less ambiguous measurements. Here we propose an approach to histomorphometry based on in situ mRNA hybridization, which uses Col1a1 as osteoblast and Ctsk as osteoclast markers. This approach can be fully automated and eliminates subjective identification of bone surface cells. We validate these markers based on the expression of Bglap, Ibsp, and Acp5. Comparison with traditional histological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of the same sections suggests that mRNA-based analysis is more reliable. Unlike inconclusive traditional histomorphometry of mice with α2(I)-Gly610 to Cys substitution in the collagen triple helix, mRNA-based measurements reveal reduced osteoclastogenesis in 11-wk-old animals consistent with the postpubertal catch-up osteogenesis observed by microCT. We optimize the technique for cryosections of mineralized bone and sections of paraffin-embedded decalcified tissue, simplifying and broadening its applications. We illustrate the application of the mRNA-based approach to human samples using the example of a McCune-Albright syndrome patient. By eliminating confounding effects of altered cellular morphology and the need for subjective morphological evaluation, this approach may provide a more reproducible and accessible evaluation of bone pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makareeva
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Megan Sousa
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Tristan Kent
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Luis F de Castro
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Michael T Collins
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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10
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Changkhaokham B, Suamphan S, Jitpukdeebodintra S, Leethanakul C. Effects of continuous and released compressive force on osteoclastogenesis invitro. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:164-168. [PMID: 38380224 PMCID: PMC10876609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Compressive force has been found to be catabolic to alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement. This study quantified the fusion of mononuclear RAW 264.7 cells (a murine osteoclastic-like cell line) into multinucleated osteoclasts under a hydrostatic pressure-generated mechanical compression-the new model of various magnitudes and durations. Methods RAW 264.7 cells were subjected to 0.3, 0.6 or 0.9 g/cm2 of compressive force by an acrylic cylinder custom-made by laser cutting or no compressive force for 4 days during osteoclastogenic induction. TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were quantified. For the release from force experiment, osteoclastogenesis was induced by 0.6 g/cm2 mechanical stimuli for 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 days. Cell viability, TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, DCSTAMP and Cathepsin K (CTSK) gene expression were evaluated 4 days after release from force. Results Compressive force at 0.6 and 0.9 g/cm2 significantly increase the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (P < 0.05). Release from continuous mechanical compression after 4 days significantly elevated the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and DCSTAMP and CTSK mRNA expression, with no adverse effects on cell viability (P < 0.05). Conclusions Continuous stimulation with compressive force induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells by enhancing DCSTAMP and CTSK expression, which provides new understanding of bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Suamphan
- School of Dentistry, Maefahluang University, Chiangrai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Jitpukdeebodintra
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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11
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Xu B, Cui Y, A L, Zhang H, Ma Q, Wei F, Liang J. Transcriptomic and proteomic strategies to reveal the mechanism of Gymnocypris przewalskii scale development. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:140. [PMID: 38310220 PMCID: PMC10837935 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish scales are typical products of biomineralization and play an important role in the adaptation of fish to their environment. The Gymnocypris przewalskii scales are highly specialized, with scales embedded in only specific parts of the dermis, such as the areas around the anal fin and branchiostegite, making G. przewalskii an ideal material for biomineralization research. In this study, we aimed to unveil genes and pathways controlling scale formation through an integrated analysis of both transcriptome and proteome, of which G. przewalskii tissues of the dorsal skin (no scales) and the rump side skin (with scales) were sequenced. The sequencing results were further combined with cellular experiments to clarify the relationship between genes and signaling pathways. RESULTS The results indicated the following: (1) a total of 4,904 differentially expressed genes were screened out, including 3,294 upregulated genes and 1,610 downregulated genes (with a filtering threshold of |log2Fold-Change|> 1 and p-adjust < 0.05). The identified differentially expressed genes contained family members such as FGF, EDAR, Wnt10, and bmp. (2) A total of 535 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were filtered out from the proteome, with 204 DEPs downregulated and 331 DEPs upregulated (with a filtering threshold of |Fold-Change|> 1.5 and p < 0.05). (3) Integrated analyses of transcriptome and proteome revealed that emefp1, col1a1, col6a2, col16a1, krt8, and krt18 were important genes contributing to scale development and that PI3K-AKT was the most important signaling pathway involved. (4) With the use of the constructed G. przewalskii fibroblast cell line, emefp1, col1a1, col6a2, col16a1, krt8, and krt18 were confirmed to be positively regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study provides experimental evidence for PI3K-AKT controlled scale development in G. przewalskii and would benefit further study on stress adaptation, scale biomineralization, and the development of skin appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin A
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Xu W, Chao R, Xie X, Mao Y, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang S. IL13Rα2 as a crucial receptor for Chi3l1 in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through the MAPK/AKT pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38291404 PMCID: PMC10826115 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed that the 18 glycoside hydrolase gene family (GH18) member Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3l1) can regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. However, its downstream receptors and molecular mechanisms during osteoclastogenesis have yet to be elucidated. METHODS Initially, we conducted a comprehensive investigation to evaluate the effects of recombinant Chi3l1 protein or Chi3l1 siRNA on osteoclast differentiation and the RANKL-induced MAPK/AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, we used immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays to identify IL13Rα2 as the downstream receptor of Chi3l1. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of IL13Rα2 recombinant protein or IL13Rα2-siRNA on osteoclast differentiation and the associated signaling pathways. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments to examine the effect of recombinant IL13Rα2 protein in an LPS-induced mouse model of cranial osteolysis. RESULTS Our findings highlight that the administration of recombinant Chi3l1 protein increased the formation of osteoclasts and bolstered the expression of several osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, NFATC1, CTR, CTSK, V-ATPase d2, and Dc-STAMP). Additionally, Chi3l1 significantly promoted the RANKL-induced MAPK (ERK/P38/JNK) and AKT pathway activation, whereas Chi3l1 silencing inhibited this process. Next, using immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we identified IL13Rα2 as the binding partner of Chi3l1 during osteoclastogenesis. IL13Rα2 recombinant protein or IL13Rα2-siRNA also inhibited osteoclast differentiation, and IL13Rα2-siRNA attenuated the RANKL-induced activation of the MAPK (ERK/P38/JNK) and AKT pathways, similar to the effects observed upon silencing of Chi3l1. Moreover, the promoting effect of recombinant Chi3l1 protein on osteoclastogenesis and the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways was reversed by IL13Rα2 siRNA. Finally, recombinant LI13Rα2 protein significantly attenuated the LPS-induced cranial osteolysis and the number of osteoclasts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that IL13Rα2 served as a crucial receptor for Chi3l1, enhancing RANKL-induced MAPK and AKT activation to promote osteoclast differentiation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of Chi3l1 in osteoclastogenesis, with potential therapeutic implications for osteoclast-related diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Xie
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hansen MS, Madsen K, Price M, Søe K, Omata Y, Zaiss MM, Gorvin CM, Frost M, Rauch A. Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity. Bone Res 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38263167 PMCID: PMC10806178 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis, which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. As novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed, understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets. This study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+ monocytes from eight female donors. RNA sequencing during differentiation revealed 8 980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors. These patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density SNPs. Network analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks. The donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage, such as filamin B (FLNB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1, encoding LOX-1), that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. The expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation, and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs, suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity. The regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1 (C5AR1), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120). Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation, while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. In conclusion, we report the occurrence of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation and identified SSTR2 and FFAR4 as antiresorptive G-protein coupled receptors and FLNB and LOX-1 as potential molecular markers of osteoclast activity. These data can help future investigations identify molecular regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activity and provide the basis for novel antiosteoporotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaja Madsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Price
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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14
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Ling SSM, Lilyanna S, Ng JYX, Chong JPC, Lin Q, Yong XE, Lim TK, Lin Q, Richards AM, Liew OW. Multiple circulating forms of neprilysin detected with novel epitope-directed monoclonal antibodies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:42. [PMID: 38217709 PMCID: PMC10787894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Neprilysin (NEP) is an emerging biomarker for various diseases including heart failure (HF). However, major inter-assay inconsistency in the reported concentrations of circulating NEP and uncertainty with respect to its correlations with type and severity of disease are in part attributed to poorly characterized antibodies supplied in commercial ELISA kits. Validated antibodies with well-defined binding footprints are critical for understanding the biological and clinical context of NEP immunoassay data. To achieve this, we applied in silico epitope prediction and rational peptide selection to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against spatially distant sites on NEP. One of the selected epitopes contained published N-linked glycosylation sites at N285 and N294. The best antibody pair, mAb 17E11 and 31E1 (glycosylation-sensitive), were characterized by surface plasmon resonance, isotyping, epitope mapping, and western blotting. A validated two-site sandwich NEP ELISA with a limit of detection of 2.15 pg/ml and working range of 13.1-8000 pg/ml was developed with these mAbs. Western analysis using a validated commercial polyclonal antibody (PE pAb) and our mAbs revealed that non-HF and HF plasma NEP circulates as a heterogenous mix of moieties that possibly reflect proteolytic processing, post-translational modifications and homo-dimerization. Both our mAbs detected a ~ 33 kDa NEP fragment which was not apparent with PE pAb, as well as a common ~ 57-60 kDa moiety. These antibodies exhibit different affinities for the various NEP targets. Immunoassay results are dependent on NEP epitopes variably detected by the antibody pairs used, explaining the current discordant NEP measurements derived from different ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S M Ling
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Shera Lilyanna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y X Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jenny P C Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Ee Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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15
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Tsarouhas V, Liu D, Tsikala G, Engström Y, Strigini M, Samakovlis C. A surfactant lipid layer of endosomal membranes facilitates airway gas filling in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5132-5146.e5. [PMID: 37992718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the construction of an air-liquid interface in respiratory organs remain elusive. Here, we use live imaging and genetic analysis to describe the morphogenetic events generating an extracellular lipid lining of the Drosophila airways required for their gas filing and animal survival. We show that sequential Rab39/Syx1A/Syt1-mediated secretion of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (Drosophila ASM [dASM]) and Rab11/35/Syx1A/Rop-dependent exosomal secretion provides distinct components for lipid film assembly. Tracheal inactivation of Rab11 or Rab35 or loss of Rop results in intracellular accumulation of exosomal, multi-vesicular body (MVB)-derived vesicles. On the other hand, loss of dASM or Rab39 causes luminal bubble-like accumulations of exosomal membranes and liquid retention in the airways. Inactivation of the exosomal secretion in dASM mutants counteracts this phenotype, arguing that the exosomal secretion provides the lipid vesicles and that secreted lysosomal dASM organizes them into a continuous film. Our results reveal the coordinated functions of extracellular vesicle and lysosomal secretions in generating a lipid layer crucial for airway gas filling and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Tsarouhas
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dan Liu
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Tsikala
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; IMBB, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ylva Engström
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christos Samakovlis
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; ECCPS, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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16
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Raimann A, Misof BM, Fratzl P, Fratzl-Zelman N. Bone Material Properties in Bone Diseases Affecting Children. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:787-805. [PMID: 37897675 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic and genetic bone disorders affect not only bone mass but often also the bone material, including degree of mineralization, matrix organization, and lacunar porosity. The quality of juvenile bone is moreover highly influenced by skeletal growth. This review aims to provide a compact summary of the present knowledge on the complex interplay between bone modeling and remodeling during skeletal growth and to alert the reader to the complexity of bone tissue characteristics in children with bone disorders. RECENT FINDINGS We describe cellular events together with the characteristics of the different tissues and organic matrix organization (cartilage, woven and lamellar bone) occurring during linear growth. Subsequently, we present typical alterations thereof in disorders leading to over-mineralized bone matrix compared to those associated with low or normal mineral content based on bone biopsy studies. Growth spurts or growth retardation might amplify or mask disease-related alterations in bone material, which makes the interpretation of bone tissue findings in children complex and challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalbert Raimann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Nugraha AP, Ernawati DS, Narmada IB, Bramantoro T, Riawan W, Situmorang PC, Nam HY. RANK-RANKL-OPG expression after gingival mesenchymal stem cell hypoxia preconditioned application in an orthodontic tooth movement animal model. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:781-790. [PMID: 38028229 PMCID: PMC10661597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of receptor activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL), as well as osteoprotegrin (OPG), in the alveolar bone (AB), may improve bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). It is hypothesized that hypoxia-preconditioned gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) may be more effective than normoxia-preconditioned GMSC in this regard. This study aims to investigate the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in the compression and tension sides of AB after allogeneic administration of GMSC that were normoxia or hypoxia-preconditioned in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) undergoing OTM. Methods Twenty-four healthy young male rabbits were divided into two groups: T1, which underwent OTM and received normoxia-preconditioned GMSC, and T2, which underwent OTM and received hypoxia-preconditioned GMSC. A ligature wire was attached to the mandibular first molar and connected to a 50 g/mm2 closed coil spring, exerting force on the central incisor and left mandibular molar of the experimental animals. After 24 h of OTM, either normoxia- or hypoxia-preconditioned GMSC were injected into the gingiva of the samples in a single dose of 20 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All samples were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 28, and immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG on the tension and compression sides. Results The expressions of RANK-RANKL-OPG in the alveolar bone of the compression and tension sides were significantly different during the 14-day period of OTM following allogeneic administration of GMSC that were normoxia or hypoxia-preconditioned (p < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of RANK-RANKL was significantly increased on the compression side of the alveolar bone during OTM after the administration of hypoxia-preconditioned allogeneic GMSC but not on the tension side. Conversely, RANKL-OPG expression was enhanced on the tension side but not on the compression side, as observed through immunohistochemical analysis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Narmada
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wibi Riawan
- Department of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hui Yin Nam
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Yuan H, Wang C, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang Z, Qu S. Association Between CTSK Gene Polymorphisms and Response to Alendronate Treatment in Postmenopausal Chinese Women with Low Bone Mineral Density. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:925-932. [PMID: 37920752 PMCID: PMC10619967 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s425357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the association between CTSK polymorphisms and the response to alendronate treatment in postmenopausal Chinese women with low bone mineral density. Patients and Methods In this study, 460 postmenopausal women from Shanghai were included. All of them were treated with weekly oral alendronate 70 mg, daily calcium 600 mg and vitamin D 125 IU for a year. Four tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CTSK gene were genotyped. Bone mineral densities of lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and total hip were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment, respectively. Results After 1-year of treatment, there was no significant differences in BMI between baseline and follow-up. After alendronate treatment, the BMD of L1-4, femoral neck and total hip all increased significantly (all P < 0.001), with average increases of 4.33 ± 6.42%, 1.85 ± 4.20%, and 2.36 ± 3.79%, respectively. There was no significant difference in BMD at L1-L4, the femoral neck and total hip between different genotype groups at baseline (P>0.05). After 1-year treatment with alendronate, rs12746973 and rs10847 were associated with the % change of BMD at L1-L4 (P=0.038) and % change of BMD at femoral neck (P=0.038), respectively. Furthermore, rs10847 was associated with BMD response at femoral neck (P=0.013). However, the associations were not significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion We concluded that the common variations of CTSK gene were potentially associated with the therapeutic response to alendronate treatment in Chinese women with low bone mineral density. However, further validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
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Quek YY, Cheng LJ, Ng YX, Hey HWD, Wu XV. Effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers of middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad121. [PMID: 37796900 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current osteoporosis pharmacological treatment has undesirable side effects. There is increasing focus on naturally derived food substances that contain phytonutrients with antioxidant effects in promoting health and regulating immune response. OBJECTIVE This review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone remodeling biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults (≥40 y old) at risk of osteoporosis. DATA SOURCES Randomized controlled trials were searched on 8 bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is exhibited from osteoblastic cells that gathered osteoclasts to bone sites for bone resorption, accelerating bone loss. Anthocyanin-rich food consumption showed statistically nonsignificant effects, with no substantial heterogeneity on bone remodeling biomarkers. However, there was a significant increase in lumbar spine L1-L4 bone mineral density. Mild-to-small effects were seen to largely favor the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods. Berries (d = -0.44) have a larger effect size of RANKL than plums (d = 0.18), with statistically significant subgroup differences. Random-effects meta-regression found body mass index, total attrition rate, total energy, and dietary carbohydrate and fat intake were significant covariates for the effect size of RANKL. All outcomes had low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION Anthocyanin-rich foods may improve bone health in middle-aged and older adults at risk of osteoporosis. This review contributes to the growing interest in nutrient-rich foods as a low-cost and modifiable alternative to promote human health and reduce disease burden. Future high-quality studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations are required to fully understand the effect of anthocyanin-rich foods on bone health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022367136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi Quek
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Xuan Ng
- Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Spine Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ge Q, Yang S, Qian Y, Chen J, Yuan W, Li S, Wang P, Li R, Zhang L, Chen G, Kan H, Rajagopalan S, Sun Q, Zheng HF, Jin H, Liu C. Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Bone Homeostasis: Analysis of UK Biobank Data and Experimental Studies in Mice and in Vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107002. [PMID: 37792558 PMCID: PMC10549986 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has identified exposure to fine ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) as a leading risk factor for adverse health outcomes. However, to date, only a few studies have examined the potential association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and bone homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the relationship between long-term PM 2.5 exposure and bone health and explore its potential mechanism. METHODS This research included both observational and experimental studies. First, based on human data from UK Biobank, linear regression was used to explore the associations between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 (i.e., annual average PM 2.5 concentration for 2010) and bone mineral density [BMD; i.e., heel BMD (n = 37,440 ) and femur neck and lumbar spine BMD (n = 29,766 )], which were measured during 2014-2020. For the experimental animal study, C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to ambient PM 2.5 or filtered air for 6 months via a whole-body exposure system. Micro-computed tomography analyses were applied to measure BMD and bone microstructures. Biomarkers for bone turnover and inflammation were examined with histological staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption assay to determine the effect of PM 2.5 exposure on osteoclast activity in vitro. In addition, the potential downstream regulators were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS We observed that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 was significantly associated with lower BMD at different anatomical sites, according to the analysis of UK Biobank data. In experimental study, mice exposed long-term to PM 2.5 exhibited excessive osteoclastogenesis, dysregulated osteogenesis, higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) expression, and shorter femur length than control mice, but they demonstrated no significant differences in femur structure or BMD. In vitro, cells stimulated with conditional medium of PM 2.5 -stimulated macrophages had aberrant osteoclastogenesis and differences in the protein/mRNA expression of members of the TNF- α / Traf 6 / c -Fos pathway, which could be partially rescued by TNF- α inhibition. DISCUSSION Our prospective observational evidence suggested that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with lower BMD and further experimental results demonstrated exposure to PM 2.5 could disrupt bone homeostasis, which may be mediated by inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Diseases and Population Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanduo Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinger Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guobo Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- College of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Diseases and Population Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Mariano LC, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, de Sousa Gomes P. Integrative tissue, cellular and molecular responsiveness of an innovative ex vivo model of the Staphylococcus aureus-mediated bone infection. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23166. [PMID: 37650876 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300287rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a pathological condition of the bone, frequently associated with the presence of infectious agents - namely Staphylococcus aureus - that induce inflammation and tissue destruction. Recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology and the identification of innovative therapeutic approaches were gathered from experimental in vitro and in vivo systems. However, cell culture models offer limited representativeness of the cellular functionality and the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, further failing to mimic the three-dimensional tissue organization; and animal models allow for limited mechanistic assessment given the complex nature of systemic and paracrine regulatory systems and are endorsed with ethical constraints. Accordingly, this study aims at the establishment and assessment of a new ex vivo bone infection model, upon the organotypic culture of embryonic chicken femurs colonized with S. aureus, highlighting the model responsiveness at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Upon infection with distinct bacterial inoculums, data reported an initial exponential bacterial growth, followed by diminished metabolic activity. At the tissue level, evidence of S. aureus-mediated tissue destruction was attained and demonstrated through distinct methodologies, conjoined with decreased osteoblastic/osteogenic and increased osteoclastic/osteoclastogenic functionalities-representative of the osteomyelitis clinical course. Overall, the establishment and characterization of an innovative bone tissue infection model that is simple, reproducible, easily manipulated, cost-effective, and simulates many features of human osteomyelitis, further allowing the maintenance of the bone tissue's three-dimensional morphology and cellular arrangement, was achieved. Model responsiveness was further demonstrated, showcasing the capability to improve the research pipeline in bone tissue infection-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Castro Mariano
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro de Sousa Gomes
- BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Ghanta P, Winschel T, Hessel E, Oyewumi O, Czech T, Oyewumi MO. Efficacy assessment of methylcellulose-based thermoresponsive hydrogels loaded with gallium acetylacetonate in osteoclastic bone resorption. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2533-2549. [PMID: 37014587 PMCID: PMC10469133 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic imbalance involving progressive stimulation of osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function will lead to an increased risk of fragility fractures. In this regard, we investigated gallium acetylacetonate (GaAcAc) as a possible treatment for osteoclastic bone resorption. Further, the extent to which suitable delivery systems can enhance the therapeutic potential of GaAcAc was evaluated. GaAcAc solution (10-50 µg/mL) suppressed OC differentiation using murine monocytic RAW 264.7 or hematopoietic stem cells. Methylcellulose-based hydrogels were fabricated and characterized based on biocompatibility with bone cells, GaAcAc loading, and thermoresponsive behavior using storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli parameters. Compared to GaAcAc solution, hydrogels loaded with GaAcAc (GaMH) were more effective in suppressing OC differentiation and function. The number and extent of bone resorption pits from ex vivo studies were markedly reduced with GaMH treatment. Mechanistic assessment of GaMH efficacy showed superiority, compared to GaAcAc solution, in downregulating the expression of key markers involved in mediating OC differentiation (such as NFAT2, cFos, TRAF6, and TRAP) as well as in bone resorption by OCs (cathepsin K or CTSK). Additional studies (in vitro and in vivo) suggested that the performance of GaMH could be ascribed to controlled release of GaAcAc and the ability to achieve prolonged bio-retention after injection in BALB/c mice, which plausibly maximized the therapeutic impact of GaAcAc. Overall, the work demonstrated, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of GaAcAc and the therapeutic potential of GaMH delivery systems in osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Ghanta
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Timothy Winschel
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Evin Hessel
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Oluyinka Oyewumi
- Department of Geological Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, 06050, USA
| | - Tori Czech
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Moses O Oyewumi
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA.
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23
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yan J, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Leng X. Analysis of cuproptosis-related genes in Ulcerative colitis and immunological characterization based on machine learning. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115500. [PMID: 37529244 PMCID: PMC10389668 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death, mediated by protein lipid acylation and highly associated with mitochondrial metabolism, which is regulated in the cell. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that recurs frequently, and its incidence is increasing worldwide every year. Currently, a growing number of studies have shown that cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. However, the regulatory role of CRGs in UC has not been fully elucidated. Firstly, we identified differentially expressed genes in UC, Likewise, CRGs expression profiles and immunological profiles were evaluated. Using 75 UC samples, we typed UC based on the expression profiles of CRGs, followed by correlative immune cell infiltration analysis. Using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) methodology, the cluster's differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were produced. Then, the performances of extreme gradient boosting models (XGB), support vector machine models (SVM), random forest models (RF), and generalized linear models (GLM) were constructed and predicted. Finally, the effectiveness of the best machine learning model was evaluated using five external datasets, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the area under the curve of ROC (AUC), a calibration curve, a nomogram, and a decision curve analysis (DCA). A total of 13 CRGs were identified as significantly different in UC and control samples. Two subtypes were identified in UC based on CRGs expression profiles. Immune cell infiltration analysis of subtypes showed significant differences between immune cells of different subtypes. WGCNA results showed a total of 8 modules with significant differences between subtypes, with the turquoise module being the most specific. The machine learning results showed satisfactory performance of the XGB model (AUC = 0.981). Finally, the construction of the final 5-gene-based XGB model, validated by the calibration curve, nomogram, decision curve analysis, and five external datasets (GSE11223: AUC = 0.987; GSE38713: AUC = 0.815; GSE53306: AUC = 0.946; GSE94648: AUC = 0.809; GSE87466: AUC = 0.981), also proved to predict subtypes of UC with accuracy. Our research presents a trustworthy model that can predict the likelihood of developing UC and methodically outlines the complex relationship between CRGs and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinzhen Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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24
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Toejing P, Sakunrangsit N, Pho-On P, Phetkong C, Leelahavanichkul A, Sridurongrit S, Greenblatt MB, Lotinun S. Accelerated Bone Loss in Transgenic Mice Expressing Constitutively Active TGF-β Receptor Type I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10797. [PMID: 37445982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a key factor mediating the intercellular crosstalk between the hematopoietic stem cells and their microenvironment. Here, we investigated the skeletal phenotype of transgenic mice expressing constitutively active TGF-β receptor type I under the control of Mx1-Cre (Mx1;TβRICA mice). μCT analysis showed decreased cortical thickness, and cancellous bone volume in both femurs and mandibles. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed a decrease in cancellous bone volume due to increased osteoclast number and decreased osteoblast number. Primary osteoblasts showed decreased ALP and mineralization. Constitutive TβRI activation increased osteoclast differentiation. qPCR analysis showed that Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b ratio, Ctsk, Sufu, and Csf1 were increased whereas Runx2, Ptch1, and Ptch2 were decreased in Mx1;TβRICA femurs. Interestingly, Gli1, Wnt3a, Sp7, Alpl, Ptch1, Ptch2, and Shh mRNA expression were reduced whereas Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b ratio was increased in Mx1;TβRICA mandibles. Similarly, osteoclast-related genes were increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoclasts whereas osteoblast-related genes were reduced in Mx1;TβRICA osteoblasts. Western blot analysis indicated that SMAD2 and SMAD3 phosphorylation was increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoblasts, and SMAD3 phosphorylation was increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoclasts. CTSK was increased while RUNX2 and PTCH1 was decreased in Mx1;TβRICA mice. Microindentation analysis indicated decreased hardness in Mx1;TβRICA mice. Our study indicated that Mx1;TβRICA mice were osteopenic by increasing osteoclast number and decreasing osteoblast number, possibly by suppressing Hedgehog signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Toejing
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pinyada Pho-On
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinnatam Phetkong
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somyoth Sridurongrit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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25
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Seo SU, Woo SM, Kwon TK. Cathepsin K inhibition induces Raptor destabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction via Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37330581 PMCID: PMC10276854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Raptor signaling pathway is a critical point of intervention in the invasion and progression of cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-mediated phosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26 plays a critical role in Raptor stabilization, whereas cathepsin K inhibitor (odanacatib; ODN) and knockdown (siRNA) induce Raptor destabilization. However, the mechanisms involved in cathepsin K inhibition-induced OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation in Raptor stabilization have not been yet elucidated. This study showed that cathepsin K inhibition activates SHP2, a tyrosine phosphatase, that dephosphorylates OTUB1 and destabilizes Raptor, whereas SHP2 deletion and pharmacological inhibition increase OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation and Raptor expression. SHP2 deletion also led to the inhibition of ODN-induced mitochondrial ROS, fusion, and dysfunction. Furthermore, cathepsin K inhibition phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) at Y525 and Y526, resulting in the SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26. Collectively, our findings identified Syk not only as an upstream tyrosine kinase required for SHP2 activation but also showed a critical mechanism that regulates ODN-induced Raptor downregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling can act as a therapeutic target in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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26
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Roth DM, Piña JO, MacPherson M, Budden C, Graf D. Physiology and Clinical Manifestations of Pathologic Cranial Suture Widening. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231178438. [PMID: 37271984 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231178438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures are complex structures integrating mechanical forces with osteogenesis which are often affected in craniofacial syndromes. While premature fusion is frequently described, rare pathological widening of cranial sutures is a comparatively understudied phenomenon. This narrative review aims to bring to light the biologically variable underlying causes of widened sutures and persistent fontanelles leading to a common outcome. The authors herein present four syndromes, selected from a literature review, and their identified biological mechanisms in the context of altered suture physiology, exploring the roles of progenitor cell differentiation, extracellular matrix production, mineralization, and bone resorption. This article illustrates the gaps in understanding of complex craniofacial disorders, and the potential for further unification of genetics, cellular biology, and clinical pillars of health science research to improve treatment outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Roth
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jeremie Oliver Piña
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Curtis Budden
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Chen L, Zhong Y, Sun S, Yang Z, Hong H, Zou D, Song C, Li W, Leng H. HTRA1 from OVX rat osteoclasts causes detrimental effects on endplate chondrocytes through NF-κB. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17595. [PMID: 37416639 PMCID: PMC10320255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endplate osteochondritis is considered one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and low back pain. Menopausal women have a higher rate of endplate cartilage degeneration than similarly aged men, but the related mechanisms are still unclear. Subchondral bone changes, mainly mediated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, are considered an important reason for the degeneration of cartilage. This work explored the role of osteoclasts in endplate cartilage degeneration, as well as its underlying mechanisms. A rat ovariectomy (OVX) model was used to induce estrogen deficiency. Our experiments indicated that OVX significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis and anabolism and catabolism changes in endplate chondrocytes. OVX osteoclasts cause an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism in endplate chondrocytes, as shown by a decrease in anabolic markers such as Aggrecan and Collagen II, and an increase in catabolic markers such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP13). Osteoclasts were also confirmed in this study to be able to secrete HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1), which resulted in increased catabolism in endplate chondrocytes through the NF-κB pathway under estrogen deficiency. This study demonstrated the involvement and mechanism of osteoclasts in the anabolism and catabolism changes of endplate cartilage under estrogen deficiency, and proposed a new strategy for the treatment of endplate osteochondritis and IVDD by targeting HTRA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haofeng Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Da Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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28
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Sato S, Yamamoto K, Ito M, Nishino K, Otsuka T, Irie K, Nagao M. Enhancement of Inhibitory Activity by Combining Allosteric Inhibitors Putatively Binding to Different Allosteric Sites on Cathepsin K. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104197. [PMID: 37241936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin K, which is involved in bone resorption, is a good target for treating osteoporosis, but no clinically approved medicine has been developed. Recently, allosteric inhibitors with high specificity and few side effects have been attracting attention for use in new medicines. METHODS Cathepsin K inhibitors were isolated from the methanol extract of Chamaecrista nomame (Leguminosae) using cathepsin K inhibition activity-assisted multi-step chromatography. Standard kinetic analysis was employed to examine the mechanism of cathepsin K inhibition when an isolated inhibitor and its derivative were used. The allosteric binding of these cathepsin K inhibitors was supported by a docking study using AutoDock vina. Combinations of allosteric cathepsin K inhibitors expected to bind to different allosteric sites were examined by means of cathepsin K inhibition assay. RESULTS Two types of cathepsin K inhibitors were identified in the methanol extract of Chamaecrista nomame. One type consisted of cassiaoccidentalin B and torachrysone 8-β-gentiobioside, and inhibited both cathepsin K and B with similar inhibitory potential, while the other type of inhibitor consisted of pheophytin a, and inhibited cathepsin K but not cathepsin B, suggesting that pheophytin a binds to an allosteric site of cathepsin K. Kinetic analysis of inhibitory activity suggested that pheophytin a and its derivative, pheophorbide b, bind allosterically to cathepsin K. This possibility was supported by a docking study on cathepsin K. The cathepsin K inhibitory activity of pheophytin a and pheophorbide b was enhanced by combining them with the allosteric inhibitors NSC 13345 and NSC94914, which bind to other allosteric sites on cathepsin K. CONCLUSIONS Different allosteric inhibitors that bind to different sites in combination, as shown in this study, may be useful for designing new allosteric inhibitory drugs with high specificity and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Moeno Ito
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Takanao Otsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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S S, Camardo A, Dahal S, Ramamurthi A. Surface-Functionalized Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Vascular Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37093652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles that carry cell-specific biomolecular information. Our previous studies showed that adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)-derived EVs provide antiproteolytic and proregenerative effects in cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from an elastase-infused rat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) model, and this is promising toward their use as a therapeutic platform for naturally irreversible elastic matrix aberrations in the aortic wall. Since systemically administered EVs poorly home into sites of tissue injury, disease strategies to improve their affinity toward target tissues are of great significance for EV-based treatment strategies. Toward this goal, in this work, we developed a postisolation surface modification strategy to target MSC-derived EVs to the AAA wall. The EVs were surface-conjugated with a short, synthetic, azide-modified peptide sequence for targeted binding to cathepsin K (CatK), a cysteine protease overexpressed in the AAA wall. Conjugation was performed using a copper-free click chemistry method. We determined that such conjugation improved EV uptake into cultured aneurysmal SMCs in culture and their binding to the wall of matrix injured vessels ex vivo. The proregenerative and antiproteolytic effects of MSC-EVs on cultured rat aneurysmal SMCs were also unaffected following peptide conjugation. From this study, it appears that modification with short synthetic peptide sequences seems to be an effective strategy for improving the cell-specific uptake of EVs and may be effective in facilitating AAA-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh S
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
| | - Andrew Camardo
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9620 Carnegie Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Shataakshi Dahal
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
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30
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Fabrik I, Bilkei-Gorzo O, Öberg M, Fabrikova D, Fuchs J, Sihlbom C, Göransson M, Härtlova A. Lung macrophages utilize unique cathepsin K-dependent phagosomal machinery to degrade intracellular collagen. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201535. [PMID: 36697252 PMCID: PMC9877437 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages are organ-specialized phagocytes responsible for the maintenance and protection of tissue homeostasis. It is well established that tissue diversity is reflected by the heterogeneity of resident tissue macrophage origin and phenotype. However, much less is known about tissue-specific phagocytic and proteolytic macrophage functions. Here, using a quantitative proteomics approach, we identify cathepsins as key determinants of phagosome maturation in primary peritoneum-, lung-, and brain-resident macrophages. The data further uncover cathepsin K (CtsK) as a molecular marker for lung phagosomes required for intracellular protein and collagen degradation. Pharmacological blockade of CtsK activity diminished phagosomal proteolysis and collagenolysis in lung-resident macrophages. Furthermore, profibrotic TGF-β negatively regulated CtsK-mediated phagosomal collagen degradation independently from classical endocytic-proteolytic pathways. In humans, phagosomal CtsK activity was reduced in COPD lung macrophages and non-COPD lung macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive map of how peritoneal, lung, and brain tissue environment shapes phagosomal composition, revealing CtsK as a key molecular determinant of lung phagosomes contributing to phagocytic collagen clearance in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Fabrik
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Orsolya Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Öberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniela Fabrikova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melker Göransson
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Jeong HW, Chang DS, Kim JS, Hwang YS. Role of cathepsin D induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12923. [PMID: 36788303 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues caused by oral bacteria. Periodontal ligament loss and alveolar bone destruction occur in progressive periodontitis. Since gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) reflects the inflammatory environment of the periodontal pocket, it is a very important specimen for developing targets for periodontitis diagnosis. An antibody array was performed using GCF collected from healthy participants and patients with periodontitis to identify the proteolytic enzymes involved in periodontitis. Of 21 targets on the antibody array membrane, kallikrein 6 (KLK6), kallikrein 10 (KLK10), cathepsin A (CathA), and cathepsin D (CathD) showed higher levels in periodontitis GCF than in GCF from healthy participants. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG-LPS) in immortalized gingival fibroblasts only increased CathD protein levels among the four targets. The substrate cleavage activity of CathD was increased in PG-LPS-treated immortalized gingival fibroblast extract. The PG-LPS-induced substrate cleavage effect was abolished by the CathD inhibitor pepstatin A. Osteoclast formation was promoted by treatment with conditioned media from PG-LPS- treated immortalized gingival fibroblasts but inhibited by the CathD inhibitor pepstatin A. These results suggest that PG-LPS affected the osteoclast formation process by increasing CathD expression in cells around the alveolar bone, thereby participating in periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woong Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health, Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Sik Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health, Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
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32
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Brent MB. Pharmaceutical treatment of bone loss: From animal models and drug development to future treatment strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108383. [PMID: 36933702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are fundamental to advance our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of bone loss and to study pharmaceutical countermeasures against it. The animal model of post-menopausal osteoporosis from ovariectomy is the most widely used preclinical approach to study skeletal deterioration. However, several other animal models exist, each with unique characteristics such as bone loss from disuse, lactation, glucocorticoid excess, or exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these animal models to emphasize the importance and significance of investigating bone loss and pharmaceutical countermeasures from perspectives other than post-menopausal osteoporosis only. Hence, the pathophysiology and underlying cellular mechanisms involved in the various types of bone loss are different, and this might influence which prevention and treatment strategies are the most effective. In addition, the review sought to map the current landscape of pharmaceutical countermeasures against osteoporosis with an emphasis on how drug development has changed from being driven by clinical observations and enhancement or repurposing of existing drugs to today's use of targeted anti-bodies that are the result of advanced insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of bone formation and resorption. Moreover, new treatment combinations or repurposing opportunities of already approved drugs with a focus on dabigatran, parathyroid hormone and abaloparatide, growth hormone, inhibitors of the activin signaling pathway, acetazolamide, zoledronate, and romosozumab are discussed. Despite the considerable progress in drug development, there is still a clear need to improve treatment strategies and develop new pharmaceuticals against various types of osteoporosis. The review also highlights that new treatment indications should be explored using multiple animal models of bone loss in order to ensure a broad representation of different types of skeletal deterioration instead of mainly focusing on primary osteoporosis from post-menopausal estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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33
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Hu Y, Li K, Swahn H, Ordoukhanian P, Head SR, Natarajan P, Woods AK, Joseph SB, Johnson KA, Lotz MK. Transcriptomic analyses of joint tissues during osteoarthritis development in a rat model reveal dysregulated mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix pathways. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:199-212. [PMID: 36354073 PMCID: PMC9892293 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptomic changes in joint tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) are of interest for the discovery of biomarkers and mechanisms of disease. The objective of this study was to use the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model to discover stage and tissue-specific transcriptomic changes. DESIGN Sham or MMT surgeries were performed in mature rats. Cartilage, menisci and synovium were scored for histopathological changes at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery and processed for RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were used to identify pathways and mechanisms. Published transcriptomic datasets from animal models and human OA were used to confirm and extend present findings. RESULTS The total number of DEGs was already high at 2 weeks (723 in meniscus), followed by cartilage (259) and synovium (42) and declined to varying degrees in meniscus and synovium but increased in cartilage at 6 weeks. The most upregulated genes included tenascins. The 'response to mechanical stimulus' and extracellular matrix-related pathways were enriched in both cartilage and meniscus. Pathways that were enriched in synovium at 4 weeks indicate processes related to synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis. Synovium also showed upregulation of IL-11 and several MMPs. The mechanical stimulus pathway included upregulation of the mechanoreceptors PIEZO1, PIEZO2 and TRPV4 and nerve growth factor. Analysis of data from prior RNA-sequencing studies of animal models and human OA support these findings. CONCLUSION These results indicate several shared pathways that are affected during OA in cartilage and meniscus and support the role of mechanotransduction and other pathways in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - H Swahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - P Ordoukhanian
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S R Head
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - P Natarajan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A K Woods
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S B Joseph
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - K A Johnson
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - M K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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34
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Cysteine Cathepsins in Breast Cancer: Promising Targets for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:58-73. [PMID: 36002710 PMCID: PMC9971096 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The majority of breast cancer patients is treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) combined with adjuvant radiation therapy. Up to 40% of patients has a tumor-positive resection margin after BCS, which necessitates re-resection or additional boost radiation. Cathepsin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence imaging during BCS could be used to detect residual cancer in the surgical cavity and guide additional resection, thereby preventing tumor-positive resection margins and associated mutilating treatments. The cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that play a major role in normal cellular physiology and neoplastic transformation. In breast cancer, the increased enzymatic activity and aberrant localization of many of the cysteine cathepsins drive tumor progression, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The upregulation of cysteine cathepsins in breast cancer cells indicates their potential as a target for intraoperative fluorescence imaging. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on the role and expression of the most important cysteine cathepsins in breast cancer to better understand their potential as a target for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). In addition, it gives an overview of the cathepsin-targeted fluorescent probes that have been investigated preclinically and in breast cancer patients. The current review underscores that cysteine cathepsins are highly suitable molecular targets for FGS because of favorable expression and activity patterns in virtually all breast cancer subtypes. This is confirmed by cathepsin-targeted fluorescent probes that have been shown to facilitate in vivo breast cancer visualization and tumor resection in mouse models and breast cancer patients. These findings indicate that cathepsin-targeted FGS has potential to improve treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients.
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35
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Choi JH. Proteolytic Biosensors with Functional Nanomaterials: Current Approaches and Future Challenges. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 36831937 PMCID: PMC9953628 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are one of the important biomarkers that enable the early diagnosis of several diseases, such as cancers. A specific proteolytic enzyme selectively degrades a certain sequence of a polypeptide. Therefore, a particular proteolytic enzyme can be selectively quantified by changing detectable signals causing degradation of the peptide chain. In addition, by combining polypeptides with various functional nanomaterials, proteolytic enzymes can be measured more sensitively and rapidly. In this paper, proteolytic enzymes that can be measured using a polypeptide degradation method are reviewed and recently studied functional nanomaterials-based proteolytic biosensors are discussed. We anticipate that the proteolytic nanobiosensors addressed in this review will provide valuable information on physiological changes from a cellular level for individual and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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36
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Govindaraj RG, Thangapandian S, Schauperl M, Denny RA, Diller DJ. Recent applications of computational methods to allosteric drug discovery. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1070328. [PMID: 36710877 PMCID: PMC9877542 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in exploiting allosteric sites for the development of new therapeutics has grown considerably over the last two decades. The chief driving force behind the interest in allostery for drug discovery stems from the fact that in comparison to orthosteric sites, allosteric sites are less conserved across a protein family, thereby offering greater opportunity for selectivity and ultimately tolerability. While there is significant overlap between structure-based drug design for orthosteric and allosteric sites, allosteric sites offer additional challenges mostly involving the need to better understand protein flexibility and its relationship to protein function. Here we examine the extent to which structure-based drug design is impacting allosteric drug design by highlighting several targets across a variety of target classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Gandhi Govindaraj
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Rajiv Gandhi Govindaraj,
| | | | - Michael Schauperl
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - David J. Diller
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States
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37
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Burkhardt LM, Bucher CH, Löffler J, Rinne C, Duda GN, Geissler S, Schulz TJ, Schmidt-Bleek K. The benefits of adipocyte metabolism in bone health and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104709. [PMID: 36895792 PMCID: PMC9988968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from musculoskeletal diseases must cope with a diminished quality of life and an increased burden on medical expenses. The interaction of immune cells and mesenchymal stromal cells during bone regeneration is one of the key requirements for the restoration of skeletal integrity. While stromal cells of the osteo-chondral lineage support bone regeneration, an excessive accumulation of cells of the adipogenic lineage is thought to promote low-grade inflammation and impair bone regeneration. Increasing evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory signaling from adipocytes is responsible for various chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This review aims to summarize the features of bone marrow adipocytes by phenotype, function, secretory features, metabolic properties and their impact on bone formation. In detail, the master regulator of adipogenesis and prominent diabetes drug target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), will be debated as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance bone regeneration. We will explore the possibilities of using clinically established PPARG agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), as a treatment strategy to guide the induction of a pro-regenerative, metabolically active bone marrow adipose tissue. The impact of this PPARG induced bone marrow adipose tissue type on providing the necessary metabolites to sustain osteogenic-as well as beneficial immune cells during bone fracture healing will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Burkhardt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Löffler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rinne
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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38
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Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010018. [PMID: 36662065 PMCID: PMC9864083 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass or repair of bone is always accompanied by changes in bone homeostasis. However, due to the complexity of bone homeostasis, we are currently unable to identify all the mechanisms that affect bone homeostasis. To date, bone macrophages have been considered a third cellular component in addition to osteogenic spectrum cells and osteoclasts. As confirmed by co-culture models or in vivo experiments, polarized or unpolarized macrophages interact with multiple components within the bone to ensure bone homeostasis. Different macrophage phenotypes are prone to resorption and formation of bone differently. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate bone homeostasis and concludes that macrophages can control bone homeostasis from osteoclasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the blood/vasculature system. The elaboration of these mechanisms in this narrative review facilitates the development of macrophage-based strategies for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and bone defects.
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39
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Poudel S, Martins G, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ. Resveratrol-Mediated Reversal of Doxorubicin-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315160. [PMID: 36499492 PMCID: PMC9738652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary osteoporosis has been associated with cancer patients undertaking Doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms behind DOX-induced bone loss have not been elucidated. Molecules that can protect against the adverse effects of DOX are still a challenge in chemotherapeutic treatments. We investigated the effect and mechanism of DOX in osteoclast differentiation and used the Sirt 1 activator resveratrol (RES) to counteract DOX-induced effects. RAW 264.7 cells were differentiated into osteoclasts under cotreatment with DOX and RES, alone or combined. RES treatment inhibited DOX-induced osteoclast differentiation, reduced the expression of osteoclast fusion marker Oc-stamp and osteoclast differentiation markers Rank, Trap, Ctsk and Nfatc1. Conversely, RES induced the upregulation of antioxidant genes Sod 1 and Nrf 2 while DOX significantly reduced the FoxM1 expression, resulting in oxidative stress. Treatment with the antioxidant MitoTEMPO did not influence DOX-induced osteoclast differentiation. DOX-induced osteoclastogenesis was studied using the cathepsin-K zebrafish reporter line (Tg[ctsk:DsRed]). DOX significantly increased ctsk signal, while RES cotreatment resulted in a significant reduction in ctsk positive cells. RES significantly rescued DOX-induced mucositis in this model. Additionally, DOX-exposed zebrafish displayed altered locomotor behavior and locomotory patterns, while RES significantly reversed these effects. Our research shows that RES prevents DOX-induced osteoclast fusion and activation in vitro and in vivo and reduces DOX-induced mucositis, while improving locomotion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Poudel
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, FMCB, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gil Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, FMCB, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M. Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-289-800057 or +351-289-800900 (ext. 7057)
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40
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Matsubayashi Y. Dynamic movement and turnover of extracellular matrices during tissue development and maintenance. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:248-274. [PMID: 35856387 PMCID: PMC9302511 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are essential for the architecture and function of animal tissues. ECMs have been thought to be highly stable structures; however, too much stability of ECMs would hamper tissue remodelling required for organ development and maintenance. Regarding this conundrum, this article reviews multiple lines of evidence that ECMs are in fact rapidly moving and replacing components in diverse organisms including hydra, worms, flies, and vertebrates. Also discussed are how cells behave on/in such dynamic ECMs, how ECM dynamics contributes to embryogenesis and adult tissue homoeostasis, and what molecular mechanisms exist behind the dynamics. In addition, it is highlighted how cutting-edge technologies such as genome engineering, live imaging, and mathematical modelling have contributed to reveal the previously invisible dynamics of ECMs. The idea that ECMs are unchanging is to be changed, and ECM dynamics is emerging as a hitherto unrecognized critical factor for tissue development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsubayashi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Dorset, Poole, Dorset, UK
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41
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Park-Min KH, Lorenzo J. Osteoclasts: Other functions. Bone 2022; 165:116576. [PMID: 36195243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the only cells that can efficiently resorb bone. They do so by sealing themselves on to bone and removing the mineral and organic components. Osteoclasts are essential for bone homeostasis and are involved in the development of diseases associated with decreased bone mass, like osteoporosis, or abnormal bone turnover, like Paget's disease of bone. In addition, compromise of their development or resorbing machinery is pathogenic in multiple types of osteopetrosis. However, osteoclasts also have functions other than bone resorption. Like cells of the innate immune system, they are derived from myeloid precursors and retain multiple immune cell properties. In addition, there is now strong evidence that osteoclasts regulate osteoblasts through a process known as coupling, which coordinates rates of bone resorption and bone formation during bone remodeling. In this article we review the non-resorbing functions of osteoclasts and highlight their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- The Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Liang B, Burley G, Lin S, Shi YC. Osteoporosis pathogenesis and treatment: existing and emerging avenues. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:72. [PMID: 36058940 PMCID: PMC9441049 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOsteoporotic fractures lead to increased disability and mortality in the elderly population. With the rapid increase in the aging population around the globe, more effective treatments for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are urgently required. The underlying molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis are believed to be due to the increased activity of osteoclasts, decreased activity of osteoblasts, or both, which leads to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process with accelerated bone resorption and attenuated bone formation. Currently, the available clinical treatments for osteoporosis have mostly focused on factors influencing bone remodeling; however, they have their own limitations and side effects. Recently, cytokine immunotherapy, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy have become new approaches for the treatment of various diseases. This article reviews the latest research on bone remodeling mechanisms, as well as how this underpins current and potential novel treatments for osteoporosis.
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Mijanović O, Jakovleva A, Branković A, Zdravkova K, Pualic M, Belozerskaya TA, Nikitkina AI, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Cathepsin K in Pathological Conditions and New Therapeutic and Diagnostic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213762. [PMID: 36430239 PMCID: PMC9698382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a part of the family of cysteine proteases involved in many important processes, including the degradation activity of collagen 1 and elastin in bone resorption. Changes in levels of CatK are associated with various pathological conditions, primarily related to bone and cartilage degradation, such as pycnodysostosis (associated with CatK deficiency), osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis (associated with CatK overexpression). Recently, the increased secretion of CatK is being highly correlated to vascular inflammation, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Wegener granulomatosis, berylliosis, tuberculosis, as well as with tumor progression. Due to the wide spectrum of diseases in which CatK is involved, the design and validation of active site-specific inhibitors has been a subject of keen interest in pharmaceutical companies in recent decades. In this review, we summarized the molecular background of CatK and its involvement in various diseases, as well as its clinical significance for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Mijanović
- Dia-M, LCC, 7 b.3 Magadanskaya Str., 129345 Moscow, Russia
- The Human Pathology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ana Branković
- Department of Forensics Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dusana 196, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Zdravkova
- AD Alkaloid Skopje, Boulevar Alexander the Great 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Pualic
- Institute Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatiana A. Belozerskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelina I. Nikitkina
- ArhiMed Clinique for New Medical Technologies, Vavilova St. 68/2, 119261 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9261180220
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Zhang Y, Jiang B, Zhang P, Chiu SK, Lee MH. Complete abrogation of key osteoclast markers with a membrane-anchored tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:763-776. [DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1111.bjr-2022-0147.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the endogenous inhibitors of the zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM) involved in extracellular matrix modulation. The present study aims to develop the TIMPs as biologics for osteoclast-related disorders. Methods We examine the inhibitory effect of a high affinity, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored TIMP variant named ‘T1PrαTACE’ on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Results Osteoclast progenitor cells transduced with T1PrαTACE failed to form tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts or exhibit bone-resorbing activity following treatment with RANKL. At the messenger RNA level, T1PrαTACE strongly attenuated expression of key osteoclast marker genes that included TRAP, cathepsin K, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein ( OC-STAMP), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein ( DC-STAMP), osteoclast-associated receptor ( OSCAR) , and ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit d2 ( ATP6V0D2) by blocking autoamplification of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), the osteoclastogenic transcription factor. T1PrαTACE selectively extended p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, an action that may have interrupted terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Inhibition studies with broad-spectrum hydroxamate inhibitors confirmed that the anti-resorptive activity of T1PrαTACE was not reliant on its metalloproteinase-inhibitory activity. Conclusion T1PrαTACE disrupts the RANKL-NFATc1 signalling pathway, which leads to osteoclast dysfunction. As a novel candidate in the prevention of osteoclastogenesis, the TIMP could potentially be developed for the treatment of osteoclast-related disorders such as osteoporosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(11):763–776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences/Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences/Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences/Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Meng H. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences/Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Dai R, Liu M, Xiang X, Xi Z, Xu H. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts: an important switch of tumour cell dormancy during bone metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:316. [PMID: 36307871 PMCID: PMC9615353 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis occurs when tumour cells dissociate from primary tumours, enter the circulation (circulating tumour cells, CTCs), and colonize sites in bone (disseminated tumour cells, DTCs). The bone marrow seems to be a particularly dormancy-inducing environment for DTCs, yet the mechanisms of dormancy initiation, reactivation, and interaction within the bone marrow have to be elucidated. Intriguingly, some evidence has suggested that dormancy is a reversible state that is switched 'on' or 'off' depending on the presence of various bone marrow resident cells, particularly osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It has become clear that these two cells contribute to regulating dormant tumour cells in bone both directly (interaction) and indirectly (secreted factors). The involved mechanisms include TGFβ signalling, the Wnt signalling axis, the Notch2 pathway, etc. There is no detailed review that specifically focuses on ascertaining the dynamic interactions between tumour cell dormancy and bone remodelling. In addition, we highlighted the roles of inflammatory cytokines during this 'cell-to-cell' communication. We also discussed the potential clinical relevance of remodelling the bone marrow niche in controlling dormant tumour cells. Understanding the unique role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in regulating tumour dormancy in bone marrow will provide new insight into preventing and treating tumour bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Dai
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Mengfan Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xincheng Xiang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Zhichao Xi
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Li D, Zhang W, Ye W, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi B, Zheng X, An Y, Ma Z, Hu K, Zhou H, Xue Y. A multifunctional drug consisting of tetracycline conjugated with odanacatib for efficient periodontitis therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1046451. [PMID: 36386169 PMCID: PMC9643870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1046451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of periodontitis can be very challenging due to its complex etiologies. A new pharmacologic strategy entitled “host-modulation therapy,” has been introduced to improve periodontal treatment outcomes. Supposedly, a multifunctional drug with the potential for bacterial infection prevention, host-response modulation and bone healing promotion would be a promising option for periodontitis therapy, but related studies remain substantially lacking. In this study, we successfully conjugated tetracycline with odanacatib (a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K) to construct a multifunctional drug (TC-ODN). We discovered that TC-ODN could promote macrophages polarizing toward anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote osteogenesis of PDLSCs under inflammatory microenvironment. In vivo, TC-ODN could be absorbed and distributed specifically to the bone after systemic administration, and accumulation of TC-ODN increased bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats. Importantly, periodontal administration of TC-ODN could successfully promote bone healing in periodontitis rats with alveolar bone loss. The findings in our study uncovered the excellent biocompatibility and multifunction of TC-ODN, including bone-targeted accumulation, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory activity and promotion of bone healing, which might contribute to the clinical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiliang Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaijin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Xue, ; Kaijin Hu, ; Hongzhi Zhou,
| | - Hongzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Xue, ; Kaijin Hu, ; Hongzhi Zhou,
| | - Yang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Xue, ; Kaijin Hu, ; Hongzhi Zhou,
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Zainal Ariffin SH, Lim KW, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin Z, Rus Din RD, Shahidan MA, Johari AN, Zainol Abidin IZ. Gene expression profiles for in vitro human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14174. [PMID: 36275474 PMCID: PMC9583853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There have been promising results published regarding the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, the vast variety of choices of techniques and the lack of a standard approach to analyse human osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation may reduce the utility of stem cells as a tool in medical applications. Therefore, this review aims to systematically evaluate the findings based on stem cell differentiation to define a standard gene expression profile approach. Methods This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of the study was conducted by retrieving articles from the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles focussed on gene expression and approaches for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Results Six articles were included in this review; there were original articles of in vitro human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts that involved gene expression profiling. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was the most used technique for gene expression to detect differentiated human osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A total of 16 genes were found to be related to differentiating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion Qualitative information of gene expression provided by qPCR could become a standard technique to analyse the differentiation of human stem cells into osteoblasts and osteoclasts rather than evaluating relative gene expression. RUNX2 and CTSK could be applied to detect osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, while RANKL could be applied to detect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This review provides future researchers with a central source of relevant information on the vast variety of gene expression approaches in analysing the differentiation of human osteoblast and osteoclast cells. In addition, these findings should enable researchers to conduct accurately and efficiently studies involving isolated human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ker Wei Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Centre of Family Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rus Dina Rus Din
- Forensic Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Nabilah Johari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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48
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Wang D, Wang H. Cellular Senescence in Bone. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process induced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. An accumulation of senescent cells in bone results in age-related disorders, and one of the common problems is osteoporosis. Deciphering the basic mechanisms contributing to the chronic ailments of aging may uncover new avenues for targeted treatment. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the most relevant research advancements in skeletal cellular senescence. To identify new options for the treatment or prevention of age-related chronic diseases, researchers have targeted hallmarks of aging, including telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. First, this chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of bone tissue, the causes of skeletal involution, and the role of cellular senescence in bone and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Next, this review will discuss the utilization of pharmacological interventions in aging tissues and, more specifically, highlight the role of senescent cells to identify the most effective and safe strategies.
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Fernandes-Breitenbach F, Peres-Ueno MJ, Santos LFG, Brito VGB, Castoldi RC, Louzada MJQ, Chaves-Neto AH, Oliveira SHP, Dornelles RCM. Analysis of the femoral neck from rats in the periestropause treated with oxytocin and submitted to strength training. Bone 2022; 162:116452. [PMID: 35654351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the interventions used to prevent osteoporosis in female organisms, strength training (ST) and oxytocin (OT) stand out, as a promising hormone with anabolic action on bone. This study aimed to verify whether the combined action of OT and ST, compared to isolated interventions, potentiates the bone remodeling process of the femoral neck of Wistar rats during periestropause. Forty Wistar rats (18 months) with irregular estrous cycle were randomly distributed into groups: 1-Vehicle (Veh; NaCl 0.15 mol/L ip); 2-Oxytocin (Ot; 134 μg/kg/ip); 3-Strength training (St); 4-Ot + St. The animals of the 1, 2 and 4 groups received two intraperitoneal injections with an interval of 12 h every 30 days, totaling 8 injections at the end of the experimental period (18 to 21 months). The animals in the St and Ot + St groups performed ST on a ladder 3 times a week, maximal voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC) test monthly. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized; the femur was collected for analysis of biomechanical testing, densitometry, bone microtomography, Raman spectroscopy, tissue PCR, and blood for analysis of bone biomarkers, liver damage, and oxidative stress. The main effects in the Ot group were observed in the maximum load and energy in the compression testing (femoral head), and stiffness and energy in the three-points bending testing (femur diaphysis). In addition, the main effects occurred on the bone mineral density (BMD), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), number of pores (Po.N), polar moment of inertia (J), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and connectivity density (Conn.Dn), Bone alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11b (Opg), Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (Rankl) and Cathepsin K (Ctsk) expression. There was an effect in the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the St group, the main effect was observed on the energy (compression and the three-points bending), stiffness, aBMD, BMD, cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), Po.N, trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), Tb.Th and in the mineralization ratio (ѵ1PO4/proline), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2), Alp, Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Opn/Spp1), Opg, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11ª (Rank), Rankl, Ctsk expression. There was an effect in the TRAP and ALP. The interaction in the combination of therapies in the Ot + St group was verified in energy to maximum load (compression and three-points bending testing), stiffness, BMD, Ct.Th, J, Tb.Th and ѵ1PO4/proline. In the gene analysis there was interaction in the Runx2, Osterix/Sp7 transcription factor (Osx/Sp7), Bmp2, Alp, Osteocalcin/Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (Ocn/Bglap), Opg, Rankl and Acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant (Trap/Acp5) expression. In addition, the combination of OT and ST resulted in a higher maximum load compared to the Veh group, with higher BV/TV than the Ot group, higher Rankl and Ctsk expression than Veh and Ot groups, and lower Po.N and lower activity of TRAP than the other groups. In oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was lower. These results showed that the combination of interventions is a promising anabolic strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis in the period of periestropause, standing out from the effects of isolated interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandes-Breitenbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melise Jacon Peres-Ueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Gadioli Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Chacon Castoldi
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS
| | - Mário Jeferson Quirino Louzada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sun X, Li K, Aryal UK, Li BY, Yokota H. PI3K-activated MSC proteomes inhibit mammary tumors via Hsp90ab1 and Myh9. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:360-371. [PMID: 36090473 PMCID: PMC9420348 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advance in medications in the past decade, aggressive breast cancer such as triple-negative breast cancer is difficult to treat. Here, we examined a counter-intuitive approach to converting human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into induced tumor-suppressing cells by administering YS49, a PI3K/Akt activator. Notably, PI3K-activated MSCs generated tumor-suppressive proteomes, while PI3K-inactivated MSCs tumor-promotive proteomes. In a mouse model, the daily administration of YS49-treated MSC-derived CM decreased the progression of primary mammary tumors as well as the colonization of tumor cells in the lung. In the ex vivo assay, the size of freshly isolated human breast cancer tissues, including estrogen receptor positive and negative as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and negative, was decreased by YS49-treated MSC-derived CM. Hsp90ab1 was enriched in CM as an atypical tumor-suppressing protein and immunoprecipitated a non-muscle myosin, Myh9. Extracellular Hsp90ab1 and Myh9 exerted the anti-tumor action and inhibited the maturation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the activation of PI3K generated tumor-suppressive proteomes in MSCs and supported the possibility of using patient-derived MSCs for the treatment of breast cancer and bone metastasis.
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