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Kuang L, Zhang M, Wang T, Huang T, Li J, Gan R, Yu M, Cao W, Yan X. The molecular genetics of anterior segment dysgenesis. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109603. [PMID: 37495069 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Anterior segment dysgenesis is a severe developmental eye disorder that leads to blindness in children. The exact mechanisms underlying this condition remain elusive. Recently, an increasing amount of studies have focused on genes and signal transduction pathways that affect anterior segment dysgenesis;these factors include transcription factors, developmental regulators, extracellular matrix genes, membrane-related proteins, cytoskeleton proteins and other associated genes. To date, dozens of gene variants have been found to cause anterior segment dysgenesis. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments. With a broader and deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anterior segment development in the future, gene editing technology and stem cell technology may be new treatments for anterior segment dysgenesis. Further studies on the mechanisms of how different genes influence the onset and progression of anterior segment dysgenesis are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Kuang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Run Gan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen Eye Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wenchao Cao
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen Eye Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiaohe Yan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, 518040, China.
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Li Y, Wei Y, Li G, Huang S, Xu J, Ding Q, Hong J. Targeting NECTIN-1 Based on CRISPR/Cas9 System Attenuated the Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35119473 PMCID: PMC8819356 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Viral keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a lifelong recurring disease and an unignored cause of blindness worldwide. Current antiviral therapy cannot eliminate the transcriptionally silent HSV-1 in latently infected patients. With the explosive applications of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) 9 gene-editing system in recent years, we aim to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting down the major HSV receptor, NECTIN-1 on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), to provide a novel strategy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) treatment. METHODS The selected single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting human nectin cell adhesion molecule 1 (NECTIN-1), together with Cas-9, were assembled into lentivirus. HCECs were infected with Lenti-Cas9-gRNAs to establish NECTIN-1 knockdown cells. Following HSV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection, cell survival and virus infection were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Relative HSV DNA amount was also compared through quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Lentivirus packaged with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the two selected sgRNAs both successfully edited down the protein levels of NECTIN-1 of HCECs. After HSV-GFP infection, the infection rate of HCECs in knockdown groups dramatically decreased, especially in the NECTIN-1 knockdown group 1. In addition, the relative HSV DNA amount of both knockdown groups was only 30% when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS We successfully knocked down the NECTIN-1 expression in vitro by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which alleviated the HSV infection in HCECs. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This study offered a promising target for the cure of HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuda Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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