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Ma RC, Kocha KM, Méndez-Olivos EE, Ruel TD, Huang P. Origin and diversification of fibroblasts from the sclerotome in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2023; 498:35-48. [PMID: 36933633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an important role in maintaining tissue integrity by secreting components of the extracellular matrix and initiating response to injury. Although the function of fibroblasts has been extensively studied in adults, the embryonic origin and diversification of different fibroblast subtypes during development remain largely unexplored. Using zebrafish as a model, we show that the sclerotome, a sub-compartment of the somite, is the embryonic source of multiple fibroblast subtypes including tenocytes (tendon fibroblasts), blood vessel associated fibroblasts, fin mesenchymal cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. High-resolution imaging shows that different fibroblast subtypes occupy unique anatomical locations with distinct morphologies. Long-term Cre-mediated lineage tracing reveals that the sclerotome also contributes to cells closely associated with the axial skeleton. Ablation of sclerotome progenitors results in extensive skeletal defects. Using photoconversion-based cell lineage analysis, we find that sclerotome progenitors at different dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior positions display distinct differentiation potentials. Single-cell clonal analysis combined with in vivo imaging suggests that the sclerotome mostly contains unipotent and bipotent progenitors prior to cell migration, and the fate of their daughter cells is biased by their migration paths and relative positions. Together, our work demonstrates that the sclerotome is the embryonic source of trunk fibroblasts as well as the axial skeleton, and local signals likely contribute to the diversification of distinct fibroblast subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Katrinka M Kocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Emilio E Méndez-Olivos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tyler D Ruel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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MacRae CA, Peterson RT. Zebrafish as a Mainstream Model for In Vivo Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:43-64. [PMID: 36151053 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacology and toxicology are part of a much broader effort to understand the relationship between chemistry and biology. While biomedicine has necessarily focused on specific cases, typically of direct human relevance, there are real advantages in pursuing more systematic approaches to characterizing how health and disease are influenced by small molecules and other interventions. In this context, the zebrafish is now established as the representative screenable vertebrate and, through ongoing advances in the available scale of genome editing and automated phenotyping, is beginning to address systems-level solutions to some biomedical problems. The addition of broader efforts to integrate information content across preclinical model organisms and the incorporation of rigorous analytics, including closed-loop deep learning, will facilitate efforts to create systems pharmacology and toxicology with the ability to continuously optimize chemical biological interactions around societal needs. In this review, we outline progress toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Nakagawa H, Aramaki T, Kondo S, Kuroda J. Collagen9a1c localizes to collagen fibers called actinotrichia in zebrafish fins. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000747. [PMID: 37090155 PMCID: PMC10119692 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish fins are supported by spear-shaped collagen crystals called actinotrichia. Actinotrichia are distributed radially at the distal end of the fins and thought to be necessary for proper formation of the fin and fin-bones. We previously reported that collagen9a1c ( col9a1c ) gene product is essential for the regular arrangement of actinotrichia using col9a1c -knockout zebrafish. Here, we examined the localization pattern of the EGFP-tagged Col9a1c protein in the fins to understand its role in the arrangement of actinotrichia. We found that EGFP-Col9a1c specifically localizes to actinotrichia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Nakagawa
- Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Graduate school of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence to: Junpei Kuroda (
)
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Miyamoto K, Kawakami K, Tamura K, Abe G. Developmental independence of median fins from the larval fin fold revises their evolutionary origin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7521. [PMID: 35525860 PMCID: PMC9079066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The median fins of modern fish that show discrete forms (dorsal, anal, and caudal fins) are derived from a continuous fold-like structure, both in ontogeny and phylogeny. The median fin fold (MFF) hypothesis assumes that the median fins evolved by reducing some positions in the continuous fin fold of basal chordates, based on the classical morphological observation of developmental reduction in the larval fin folds of living fish. However, the developmental processes of median fins are still unclear at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we describe the transition from the larval fin fold into the median fins in zebrafish at the cellular and molecular developmental level. We demonstrate that reduction does not play a role in the emergence of the dorsal fin primordium. Instead, the reduction occurs along with body growth after primordium formation, rather than through actively scrapping the non-fin forming region by inducing cell death. We also report that the emergence of specific mesenchymal cells and their proliferation promote dorsal fin primordium formation. Based on these results, we propose a revised hypothesis for median fin evolution in which the acquisition of de novo developmental mechanisms is a crucial evolutionary component of the discrete forms of median fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Organ Morphogenesis, Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Functional Morphology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-cho 86, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
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Nakagawa H, Kuroda J, Aramaki T, Kondo S. Mechanical role of actinotrichia in shaping the caudal fin of zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 481:52-63. [PMID: 34537221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spear-like collagen complexes, known as actinotrichia, underlie the epidermal cell layer in the tip of teleost fins and are known to contribute toward fin formation; however, their specific role remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated of actinotrichia in the role of caudal fin formation by generating collagen9a1c (col9a1c)-knockout zebrafish. Although actinotrichia were initially produced normally and aligned correctly in the knockout fish, the number of actinotrichia decreased as the fish grew and their alignment became disordered. Simultaneously, the fin tip gradually shortened in the dorsal-ventral direction and the entire fin became oval-shaped, while the fin-rays rarely bifurcated and instead underwent fusion, suggesting that actinotrichia are essential for spreading fins dorsoventrally. Furthermore, the epithelial cells that are usually thinly spread in normal fish became spherical in the knockout fish, reducing the area covered by each cell and thus the area of the fin tip. Together, these findings suggest that the tight alignment of actinotrichia provides physical support in the dorsal-ventral direction that allows caudal fins to expand in a triangular-shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuroda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Hawkins MB, Henke K, Harris MP. Latent developmental potential to form limb-like skeletal structures in zebrafish. Cell 2021; 184:899-911.e13. [PMID: 33545089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in appendage structure underlie key transitions in vertebrate evolution. Addition of skeletal elements along the proximal-distal axis facilitated critical transformations, including the fin-to-limb transition that permitted generation of diverse modes of locomotion. Here, we identify zebrafish mutants that form supernumerary long bones in their pectoral fins. These new bones integrate into musculature, form joints, and articulate with neighboring elements. This phenotype is caused by activating mutations in previously unrecognized regulators of appendage patterning, vav2 and waslb, that function in a common pathway. This pathway is required for appendage development across vertebrates, and loss of Wasl in mice causes defects similar to those seen in murine Hox mutants. Concordantly, formation of supernumerary bones requires Hox11 function, and mutations in the vav2/wasl pathway drive enhanced expression of hoxa11b, indicating developmental homology with the forearm. Our findings reveal a latent, limb-like pattern ability in fins that is activated by simple genetic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brent Hawkins
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Katrin Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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