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Tsukiboshi Y, Mikami Y, Horita H, Ogata A, Noguchi A, Yokota S, Ogata K, Yoshioka H. Protective effect of Sasa veitchii extract against all-trans-retinoic acid-induced inhibition of proliferation of cultured human palate cells. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2024; 86:223-236. [PMID: 38962411 PMCID: PMC11219230 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.86.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cleft palate is the most common facial birth defect worldwide. It is caused by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Environmental factors such as pharmaceutical exposure in women are known to induce cleft palate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Sasa veitchii extract against medicine-induced inhibition of proliferation of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. We demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid inhibited human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas dexamethasone treatment had no effect on cell proliferation. Cotreatment with Sasa veitchii extract repressed all-trans-retinoic acid-induced toxicity in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. We found that cotreatment with Sasa veitchii extract protected all-trans-retinoic acid-induced cyclin D1 downregulation in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, Sasa veitchii extract suppressed all-trans-retinoic acid-induced miR-4680-3p expression. Additionally, the expression levels of the genes that function downstream of the target genes ( ERBB2 and JADE1 ) of miR-4680-3p in signaling pathways were enhanced by cotreatment with Sasa veitchii extract and all-trans-retinoic acid compared to all-trans-retinoic acid treatment. These results suggest that Sasa veitchii extract suppresses all-trans-retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell proliferation via modulation of miR-4680-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tsukiboshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan
| | - Yurie Mikami
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hanane Horita
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan
| | - Aya Ogata
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan
| | - Azumi Noguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan
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Tsukiboshi Y, Noguchi A, Horita H, Mikami Y, Yokota S, Ogata K, Yoshioka H. Let-7c-5p associate with inhibition of phenobarbital-induced cell proliferation in human palate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149516. [PMID: 38241808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common congenital diseases, and is accompanied by a complicated etiology. Medical exposure in women is among one of the reasons leading to CP. Recently, it has been reported that microRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in palate formation and the disruption of miRNA that influence the development of CP. Although association with pharmaceuticals and miRNAs were suggested, it has remained largely unknow. The aim of the current investigation is to elucidate upon the miRNA associated with the inhibition of phenobarbital (PB)-induced cell proliferation in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. We showed that PB inhibited HEPM cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrated that PB treatment suppressed cyclin-D1 expression in HEPM cells. Furthermore, PB upregulated let-7c-5p expression and downregulated the expression of two downstream genes (BACH1 and PAX3). Finally, we demonstrated that the let-7c-5p inhibitor alleviated PB-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and altered BACH1 and PAX3 expression levels. These results suggest that PB suppresses cell viability by modulating let-7c-5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tsukiboshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Azumi Noguchi
- Department Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hanane Horita
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Yurie Mikami
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu, 509-0293, Japan.
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Wang J, Chai B, Yang Y, Chen C, Ren Y, Li Y, Wang ZQ, Li T. JADE1 is dispensable for the brain development in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149421. [PMID: 38171233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In mammalian brain development, WNT signaling balances proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells, and is essential for the maintenance of regular brain development. JADE1 is a candidate transcription co-factor essential for DNA replication, cell division, and cell cycle regulation. In 293T cells, JADE1 is stabilized by von Hippel-Lindau protein pVHL, promotes the β-catenin ubiquitination and thus blunts canonical WNT signaling. Furthermore, JADE1 inhibits β-catenin-induced ectopic axis formation in Xenopus embryos. However, JADE1's role in mammalian brain development remains unknown. Here, we generated a new Jade1 knockout mouse line using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We found that JADE1 null resulted in decreased survival rate, reduced body weight and brain weight in mice. However, histological analysis revealed a normal brain development. Furthermore, Jade1 null neural progenitor cells proliferated normally in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq analysis further showed that JADE1 loss did not affect the cerebral cortex gene expression. Our findings indicate that JADE1 is dispensable for developing the cerebral cortex in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baihui Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanlang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chengyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoxin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Tsukiboshi Y, Horita H, Mikami Y, Noguchi A, Yokota S, Ogata K, Yoshioka H. Involvement of microRNA-4680-3p against phenytoin-induced cell proliferation inhibition in human palate cells. J Toxicol Sci 2024; 49:1-8. [PMID: 38191190 DOI: 10.2131/jts.49.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common birth defects and is caused by a combination of genetic and/or environmental factors. Environmental factors such as pharmaceutical exposure in pregnant women are known to induce CP. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) was found to be affected by environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of miRNA against phenytoin (PHE)-induced inhibition of proliferation in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells. We demonstrated that PHE inhibited HEPM cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We found that treatment with PHE downregulated cyclin-D1 and cyclin-E expressions in HEPM cells. Furthermore, PHE increased miR-4680-3p expression and decreased two downstream genes (ERBB2 and JADE1). Importantly, an miR-4680-3p-specific inhibitor restored HEPM cell proliferation and altered expression of ERBB2 and JADE1 in cells treated with PHE. These results suggest that PHE suppresses cell proliferation via modulation of miR-4680-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanane Horita
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science
| | - Yurie Mikami
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Azumi Noguchi
- Department Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
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Ma YQ, Zhang XY, Zhao SW, Li D, Cai MQ, Yang H, Wang XM, Xue H. Retinoic acid delays murine palatal shelf elevation by inhibiting Wnt5a-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling and downstream Cdc-42/F-actin remodeling in mesenchymal cells. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1658-1673. [PMID: 37675882 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian palatal shelves erupted from maxillary prominences undergo vertical extention, transient elevation, and horizontal growth to fuse. Previous studies in mice reported that the retinoic acid (RA) contributed to cleft palate in high incidence by delaying the elevating procedure, but little was known about the underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS In this study, hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the phenotypes and the expression of related markers in the RA-treated mice model. In situ hybridization and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling pathway. The palatal mesenchymal cells were cultured in vitro, and stimulated with RA or CASIN, and co-treated with Foxy5. Wnt5a and Ccd42 expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Phalloidin was used to label the microfilament cytoskeleton (F-actin) in cultured cells. RESULTS We revealed that RA resulted in 100% incidence of cleft palate in mouse embryos, and the expression of genes responsible for Wnt5a-mediated noncanonical Wnt signal transduction were specifically downregulated in mesenchymal palatal shelves. The in vitro study of palatal mesenchymal cells indicated that RA treatment disrupted the organized remodeling of cytoskeleton, an indicative structure of cell migration regulated by the small Rho GTPase Cdc42. Moreover, we showed that the suppression of cytoskeleton and cell migration induced by RA was partially restored using the small molecule Foxy-5-mediated activation of Wnt5A, and this restoration was attenuated by CASIN (a selective GTPase Cdc42 inhibitor) again. CONCLUSIONS These data identified a crucial mechanism for Wnt5a-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling in acting downstream of Rho GTPase Cdc42 to regulate cytoskeletal remodeling and cell migration during the process of palate elevation. Our study provided a new explanation for the cause of cleft palate induced by RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dou Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Qin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing (No: 20JR10RA653 - ZDKF20210401), School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Song C, Li T, Zhang C, Li S, Lu S, Zou Y. RA-induced prominence-specific response resulted in distinctive regulation of Wnt and osteogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302013. [PMID: 37541848 PMCID: PMC10403638 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for normal craniofacial development. Both excessive RA and RA deficiency in early embryonic stage may lead to a variety of craniofacial malformations, for example, cleft palate, which have been investigated extensively. Dysregulated Wnt and Shh signaling were shown to underlie the pathogenesis of RA-induced craniofacial defects. In our present study, we showed a spatiotemporal-specific effect of RA signaling in regulating early development of facial prominences. Although inhibited Wnt activities was observed in E12.5/E13.5 mouse palatal shelves, early exposure of excessive RA induced Wnt signaling and Wnt-related gene expression in E11.5/E12.5 mouse embryonic frontonasal/maxillary processes. A conserved regulatory network of miR-484-Fzd5 was identified to play critical roles in RA-regulated craniofacial development using RNA-seq. In addition, subsequent osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation were differentially regulated in discrete mouse embryonic facial prominences in response to early RA induction, demonstrated using both in vitro and in vivo analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Schuler R, Bugacov A, Hacia J, Ho T, Iwata J, Pearlman L, Samuels B, Williams C, Zhao Z, Kesselman C, Chai Y. FaceBase: A Community-Driven Hub for Data-Intensive Research. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1289-1298. [PMID: 35912790 PMCID: PMC9516628 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The FaceBase Consortium, funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health, was established in 2009 with the recognition that dental and craniofacial research are increasingly data-intensive disciplines. Data sharing is critical for the validation and reproducibility of results as well as to enable reuse of data. In service of these goals, data ought to be FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. The FaceBase data repository and educational resources exemplify the FAIR principles and support a broad user community including researchers in craniofacial development, molecular genetics, and genomics. FaceBase demonstrates that a model in which researchers "self-curate" their data can be successful and scalable. We present the results of the first 2.5 y of FaceBase's operations as an open community and summarize the data sets published during this period. We then describe a research highlight from work on the identification of regulatory networks and noncoding RNAs involved in cleft lip with/without cleft palate that both used and in turn contributed new findings to publicly available FaceBase resources. Collectively, FaceBase serves as a dynamic and continuously evolving resource to facilitate data-intensive research, enhance data reproducibility, and perform deep phenotyping across multiple species in dental and craniofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Schuler
- Viterbi School of Engineering,
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey,
CA, USA
| | - A. Bugacov
- Viterbi School of Engineering,
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey,
CA, USA
| | - J.G. Hacia
- Keck School of Medicine, Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - T.V. Ho
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for
Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - J. Iwata
- School of Dentistry, Diagnostic &
Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX, USA
| | - L. Pearlman
- Viterbi School of Engineering,
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey,
CA, USA
| | - B.D. Samuels
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for
Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - C. Williams
- Viterbi School of Engineering,
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey,
CA, USA
| | - Z. Zhao
- School of Biomedical Informatics,
Center for Precision Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C. Kesselman
- Viterbi School of Engineering,
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey,
CA, USA
| | - Y. Chai
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for
Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Cheng Q, Yang S, Yang D. All-trans retinoic acid inhibits the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells by promoting IL-1β production via NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Seelan RS, Pisano MM, Greene RM. MicroRNAs as epigenetic regulators of orofacial development. Differentiation 2022; 124:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Dexamethasone Suppresses Palatal Cell Proliferation through miR-130a-3p. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212453. [PMID: 34830336 PMCID: PMC8621257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital birth defects. This study aims to identify novel pathogenic microRNAs associated with cleft palate (CP). Through data analyses of miRNA-sequencing for developing palatal shelves of C57BL/6J mice, we found that miR-449a-3p, miR-449a-5p, miR-449b, miR-449c-3p, and miR-449c-5p were significantly upregulated, and that miR-19a-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-301a-3p, and miR-486b-5p were significantly downregulated, at embryonic day E14.5 compared to E13.5. Among them, overexpression of the miR-449 family (miR-449a-3p, miR-449a-5p, miR-449b, miR-449c-3p, and miR-449c-5p) and miR-486b-5p resulted in reduced cell proliferation in primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells and mouse cranial neural crest cell line O9-1. On the other hand, inhibitors of miR-130a-3p and miR-301a-3p significantly reduced cell proliferation in MEPM and O9-1 cells. Notably, we found that treatment with dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid known to induce CP in mice, suppressed miR-130a-3p expression in both MEPM and O9-1 cells. Moreover, a miR-130a-3p mimic could ameliorate the cell proliferation defect induced by dexamethasone through normalization of Slc24a2 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-130-3p plays a crucial role in dexamethasone-induced CP in mice.
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