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Wang X, Starodubtseva MN, Kapron CM, Liu J. Cadmium, von Willebrand factor and vascular aging. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 37264012 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease. The aged blood vessels, characterized by vascular wall thickening and stiffening, are instigated by endothelial cell dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a glycoprotein known for its role in coagulation, and plasma levels of vWF are increased with age. Elevated vWF promotes thrombosis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant associated with increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. At low concentrations, Cd activates pro-survival signaling in endothelial cells, however enhances intima-media thickness and atherogenesis. A non-cytotoxic dose of Cd also increases endothelial vWF expression and secretion in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying vWF-promoted vascular aging-associated pathologies and Cd-induced vWF expression. In addition, we propose that exposure to low-dose Cd is a risk factor for vascular aging, through elevation of plasma vWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Maria N Starodubtseva
- Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus
- Institute of Radiobiology of NAS of Belarus, Gomel, Belarus
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
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2
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Pisano C, Terriaca S, Scioli MG, Nardi P, Altieri C, Orlandi A, Ruvolo G, Balistreri CR. The Endothelial Transcription Factor ERG Mediates a Differential Role in the Aneurysmatic Ascending Aorta with Bicuspid or Tricuspid Aorta Valve: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810848. [PMID: 36142762 PMCID: PMC9502538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathobiology of ascending aorta aneurysms (AAA) onset and progression is not well understood and only partially characterized. AAA are also complicated in case of bicuspid aorta valve (BAV) anatomy. There is emerging evidence about the crucial role of endothelium-related pathways, which show in AAA an altered expression and function. Here, we examined the involvement of ERG-related pathways in the differential progression of disease in aortic tissues from patients having a BAV or tricuspid aorta valve (TAV) with or without AAA. Our findings identified ERG as a novel endothelial-specific regulator of TGF-β-SMAD, Notch, and NO pathways, by modulating a differential fibrotic or calcified AAA progression in BAV and TAV aortas. We provided evidence that calcification is correlated to different ERG expression (as gene and protein), which appears to be under control of Notch signaling. The latter, when increased, associated with an early calcification in aortas with BAV valve and aneurysmatic, was demonstrated to favor the progression versus severe complications, i.e., dissection or rupture. In TAV aneurysmatic aortas, ERG appeared to modulate fibrosis. Therefore, we proposed that ERG may represent a sensitive tissue biomarker to monitor AAA progression and a target to develop therapeutic strategies and influence surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Terriaca
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Nardi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Altieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Jiang H, Li L, Zhang L, Zang G, Sun Z, Wang Z. Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895005. [PMID: 35928939 PMCID: PMC9343736 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is active and regulates extraosseous ossification progress, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost layer of blood vessels and directly respond to changes in flow shear stress and blood composition. Together with vascular smooth muscle cells, ECs maintain vascular homeostasis. Increased evidence shows that ECs have irreplaceable roles in VC due to their high plasticity. Endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, autocrine and paracrine functions, mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and other factors prompt ECs to participate in VC. EndMT is a dedifferentiation process by which ECs lose their cell lineage and acquire other cell lineages; this progress coexists in both embryonic development and CVD. EndMT is regulated by several signaling molecules and transcription factors and ultimately mediates VC via osteogenic differentiation. The specific molecular mechanism of EndMT remains unclear. Can EndMT be reversed to treat VC? To address this and other questions, this study reviews the pathogenesis and research progress of VC, expounds the role of ECs in VC, and focuses on the regulatory factors underlying EndMT, with a view to providing new concepts for VC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqun Wang,
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Khosh Kish E, Choudhry M, Gamallat Y, Buharideen SM, D D, Bismar TA. The Expression of Proto-Oncogene ETS-Related Gene ( ERG) Plays a Central Role in the Oncogenic Mechanism Involved in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094772. [PMID: 35563163 PMCID: PMC9105369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ETS-related gene (ERG) is proto-oncogene that is classified as a member of the ETS transcription factor family, which has been found to be consistently overexpressed in about half of the patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). The overexpression of ERG can mostly be attributed to the fusion of the ERG and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) genes, and this fusion is estimated to represent about 85% of all gene fusions observed in prostate cancer. Clinically, individuals with ERG gene fusion are mostly documented to have advanced tumor stages, increased mortality, and higher rates of metastasis in non-surgical cohorts. In the current review, we elucidate ERG’s molecular interaction with downstream genes and the pathways associated with PCa. Studies have documented that ERG plays a central role in PCa progression due to its ability to enhance tumor growth by promoting inflammatory and angiogenic responses. ERG has also been implicated in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells, which increases the ability of cancer cells to metastasize. In vivo, research has demonstrated that higher levels of ERG expression are involved with nuclear pleomorphism that prompts hyperplasia and the loss of cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ealia Khosh Kish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Muhammad Choudhry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Sabrina Marsha Buharideen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Dhananjaya D
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Tarek A. Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada; (E.K.K.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (S.M.B.); (D.D.)
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2V 1P9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-943-8430; Fax: +1-403-943-3333
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New Therapeutics Targeting Arterial Media Calcification: Friend or Foe for Bone Mineralization? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040327. [PMID: 35448514 PMCID: PMC9027727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of arterial media calcification, a highly complex and multifactorial disease, puts patients at high risk for developing serious cardiovascular consequences and mortality. Despite the numerous insights into the mechanisms underlying this pathological mineralization process, there is still a lack of effective treatment therapies interfering with the calcification process in the vessel wall. Current anti-calcifying therapeutics may induce detrimental side effects at the level of the bone, as arterial media calcification is regulated in a molecular and cellular similar way as physiological bone mineralization. This especially is a complication in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes, who are the prime targets of this pathology, as they already suffer from a disturbed mineral and bone metabolism. This review outlines recent treatment strategies tackling arterial calcification, underlining their potential to influence the bone mineralization process, including targeting vascular cell transdifferentiation, calcification inhibitors and stimulators, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) death and oxidative stress: are they a friend or foe? Furthermore, this review highlights nutritional additives and a targeted, local approach as alternative strategies to combat arterial media calcification. Paving a way for the development of effective and more precise therapeutic approaches without inducing osseous side effects is crucial for this highly prevalent and mortal disease.
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