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Arslan FB, Öztürk K, Tavukçuoğlu E, Öztürk SC, Esendağlı G, Çalış S. A novel combination for the treatment of small cell lung cancer: Active targeted irinotecan and stattic co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122573. [PMID: 36592892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used drug delivery systems for cancer treatment due to their properties such as ease of passing through biological membranes, opportunity to modify drug release, specifically targeting drugs to diseased areas, and potential of reducing side effects. Here, we formulated irinotecan and Stattic co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeted to small cell lung cancer. Nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with CD56 antibody with a conjugation efficiency of 84.39 ± 1.01%, and characterization of formulated nanoparticles was conducted with in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Formulated particles had sizes in the range of 130-180 nm with PDI values smaller than 0.3. Encapsulation and active targeting of irinotecan and Stattic resulted in increased cytotoxicity and anti-cancer efficiency in-vitro. Furthermore, it was shown with ex-vivo biodistribution studies that conjugated nanoparticles were successfully targeted to CD56-expressing SCLC cells and distributed mainly to tumor tissue and lungs. Compliant with our hypothesis and literature, the STAT3 pathway was successfully inhibited with Stattic solution and Stattic loaded nanoparticles. Additionally, intravenous injection of conjugated co-loaded nanoparticles resulted in decreased side effects and better anti-tumor activity than individual solutions of drugs in SCLC tumor-bearing mice. These results may indicate a new treatment option for clinically aggressive small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betül Arslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Kıvılcım Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ece Tavukçuoğlu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Süleyman Can Öztürk
- Centre for Laboratory Animals Research and Application, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Sema Çalış
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye.
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Méndez-Clemente A, Bravo-Cuellar A, González-Ochoa S, Santiago-Mercado M, Palafox-Mariscal L, Jave-Suárez L, Solorzano-Ibarra F, Villaseñor-García M, Ortiz-Lazareno P, Hernández-Flores G. Dual STAT‑3 and IL‑6R inhibition with stattic and tocilizumab decreases migration, invasion and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting the IL‑6/IL‑6R/STAT‑3 axis. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:138. [PMID: 35703345 PMCID: PMC9245073 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a key public health problem worldwide; at diagnosis, a high percentage of patients exhibit tumor cell invasion of adjacent tissue. STAT‑3, IL‑6 receptor (R) and IL‑6 serum levels are associated with enhanced PCa migratory, invasive, clonogenic and metastatic ability. Inhibiting the STAT‑3 pathway at different levels (cytokines, receptors, and kinases) exhibits relative success in cancer. The present study investigated the effect of Stattic (Stt) + Tocilizumab (Tcz) on proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive ability of human metastatic PCa (assessed by colony formation, wound healing and migration assay). RWPE‑1 (epithelial prostate immortalized cells), 22Rv1 (Tumor cells), LNCaP (Metastatic cells) and DU‑145 (metastatic, castration‑resistant prostate cells) cells were used in vitro to evaluate levels of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors (Cytometric Bead Array), STAT‑3, phosphorylated STAT‑3 (In‑Cell Western), IL‑6R, vimentin and epithelial (E‑) cadherin (Western Blot). The effect of inhibition of STAT‑3 (expressed constitutively in DU‑145 cells) with Stt and/or Tcz on expression levels of vimentin, VEGF, and E‑cadherin, as well as proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of metastatic PCa cells was assessed. The expression levels of IL‑6, C‑X‑C chemokine ligand 8, VEGF and vimentin, as well as proliferation and migration, were increased in metastatic PCa cells. Treatment with Stt or Tcz decreased vimentin and VEGF and increased E‑cadherin expression levels and inhibited proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of DU‑145 cells; addition of IL‑6 decreased this inhibitory effect. However, Stt + Tcz maintained inhibition even in the present of high concentrations of IL‑6. Stt + Tcz decreased expression of vimentin and VEGF and inhibited the proliferative, clonogenic, migratory and invasive capacity of metastatic PCa cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to combine Stt, a STAT‑3 inhibitor, with Tcz, an antibody against IL‑6R, to target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Méndez-Clemente
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Salvador González-Ochoa
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Maria Santiago-Mercado
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Palafox-Mariscal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Jave-Suárez
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Fabiola Solorzano-Ibarra
- Chronic Degenerative Diseases Research Institute Postdoctoral Stays Program for Mexico 2021, Department of Molecular and Genomic Biology, University of Guadalajara (UdeG), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Maria Villaseñor-García
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Pablo Ortiz-Lazareno
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- Immunology Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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