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Cho SE, Li W, Beard AM, Jackson JA, Kiernan R, Hoshino K, Martin AC, Sun J. Actomyosin contraction in the follicular epithelium provides the major mechanical force for follicle rupture during Drosophila ovulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407083121. [PMID: 39292751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407083121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is critical for sexual reproduction and consists of the process of liberating fertilizable oocytes from their somatic follicle capsules, also known as follicle rupture. The mechanical force for oocyte expulsion is largely unknown in many species. Our previous work demonstrated that Drosophila ovulation, as in mammals, requires the proteolytic degradation of the posterior follicle wall and follicle rupture to release the mature oocyte from a layer of somatic follicle cells. Here, we identified actomyosin contraction in somatic follicle cells as the major mechanical force for follicle rupture. Filamentous actin (F-actin) and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) are highly enriched in the cortex of follicle cells upon stimulation with octopamine (OA), a monoamine critical for Drosophila ovulation. Pharmacological disruption of F-actin polymerization prevented follicle rupture without interfering with the follicle wall breakdown. In addition, we demonstrated that OA induces Rho1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase activation in the follicle cell cortex, which activates Ras homolog (Rho) kinase to promote actomyosin contraction and follicle rupture. All these results led us to conclude that OA signaling induces actomyosin cortex enrichment and contractility, which generates the mechanical force for follicle rupture during Drosophila ovulation. Due to the conserved nature of actomyosin contraction, this work could shed light on the mechanical force required for follicle rupture in other species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella E Cho
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Andrew M Beard
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Jonathan A Jackson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Risa Kiernan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Kazunori Hoshino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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Li S, Liu ZY, Li H, Zhou S, Liu J, Sun N, Yang KF, Dougados V, Mangeat T, Belguise K, Feng XQ, Liu Y, Wang X. Basal actomyosin pulses expand epithelium coordinating cell flattening and tissue elongation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3000. [PMID: 38589403 PMCID: PMC11001887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin networks constrict cell area and junctions to alter cell and tissue shape. However, during cell expansion under mechanical stress, actomyosin networks are strengthened and polarized to relax stress. Thus, cells face a conflicting situation between the enhanced actomyosin contractile properties and the expansion behaviour of the cell or tissue. To address this paradoxical situation, we study late Drosophila oogenesis and reveal an unusual epithelial expansion wave behaviour. Mechanistically, Rac1 and Rho1 integrate basal pulsatile actomyosin networks with ruffles and focal adhesions to increase and then stabilize basal area of epithelial cells allowing their flattening and elongation. This epithelial expansion behaviour bridges cell changes to oocyte growth and extension, while oocyte growth in turn deforms the epithelium to drive cell spreading. Basal pulsatile actomyosin networks exhibit non-contractile mechanics, non-linear structures and F-actin/Myosin-II spatiotemporal signal separation, implicating unreported expanding properties. Biophysical modelling incorporating these expanding properties well simulates epithelial cell expansion waves. Our work thus highlights actomyosin expanding properties as a key mechanism driving tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Zong-Yuan Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sijia Zhou
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ningwei Sun
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kai-Fu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Vanessa Dougados
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Belguise
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Inter-plane feedback coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains 3D tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. Development 2024; 151:dev201757. [PMID: 38533736 PMCID: PMC11006395 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
How complex organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve three-dimensional (3D) form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina, where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells (IOPCs) organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments show that photoreceptor and IOPC terminal differentiation is unexpectedly interdependent, connected by an intercellular feedback mechanism that coordinates and promotes morphogenetic change across orthogonal tissue planes to ensure correct 3D retinal pattern. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob Decker
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicelio Sanchez-Luege
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilaria Rebay
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Orthogonal coupling of a 3D cytoskeletal scaffold coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531386. [PMID: 36945525 PMCID: PMC10028844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How complex three-dimensional (3D) organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve the correct final form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells coordinately organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments revealed an unanticipated intercellular feedback mechanism whereby correct cellular differentiation of either cell type can non-autonomously induce cytoskeletal remodeling in the other Abl mutant cell type, restoring retinal pattern and integrity. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Roberto GM, Emery G. Directing with restraint: Mechanisms of protrusion restriction in collective cell migrations. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:75-81. [PMID: 35397972 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is necessary for morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and immune response. It is also involved in diseases. In particular, cell migration is inherent in metastasis. Cells can migrate individually or in groups. To migrate efficiently, cells need to be able to organize into a leading front that protrudes by forming membrane extensions and a trailing edge that contracts. This organization is scaled up at the group level during collective cell movements. If a cell or a group of cells is unable to limit its leading edge and hence to restrict the formation of protrusions to the front, directional movements are impaired or abrogated. Here we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms restricting protrusion formation in collective cell migration. We focus on three in vivo examples: the neural crest cell migration, the rotatory migration of follicle cells around the Drosophila egg chamber and the border cell migration during oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Molinari Roberto
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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