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Zhu J, Chen H, Wu J, Li S, Lin W, Wang N, Bai L. Ferroptosis in Glaucoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapy. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300530. [PMID: 38411382 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a blind-leading disease largely since chronic pathological intraocular high pressure (ph-IOP). Hitherto, it is reckoned incurable for irreversible neural damage and challenges in managing IOP. Thus, it is significant to develop neuroprotective strategies. Ferroptosis, initially identified as an iron-dependent regulated death that triggers Fenton reactions and culminates in lipid peroxidation (LPO), has emerged as a focal point in multiple tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Researches show that iron homeostasis play critical roles in the optic nerve (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), suggesting targeted treatments could be effective. In glaucoma, apart from neural lesions, disrupted metal balance and increased oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork (TM) are observed. These disturbances lead to extracellular matrix excretion disorders, known as sclerotic mechanisms, resulting in refractory blockages. Importantly, oxidative stress, a significant downstream effect of ferroptosis, is also a key factor in cell senescence. It plays a crucial role in both the etiology and risk of glaucoma. Moreover, ferroptosis also induces non-infectious inflammation, which exacerbate glaucomatous injury. Therefore, the relevance of ferroptosis in glaucoma is extensive and multifaceted. In this review, the study delves into the current understanding of ferroptosis mechanisms in glaucoma, aiming to provide clues to inform clinical therapeutic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, No.182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, East Chongwenmennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Wanying Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, East Chongwenmennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Kalinin S, Feinstein DL. Astrocyte lipocalin-2 modestly effects disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis while reducing mature oligodendrocyte protein and mRNA expression. Neurosci Lett 2023; 815:137497. [PMID: 37748675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Roles for lipocalin-2 (LCN2, also referred to as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, NGAL) in the progression of disease in multiple sclerosis and its animal models have been reported; however, the importance of astrocyte-derived LCN2, a major source of LCN2, have not been defined. We found that clinical scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were modestly delayed in mice with conditional knockout of LCN2 from astrocytes, associated with a small decrease in astrocyte GFAP expression. Immunostaining and qPCR of spinal cord samples showed decreased oligodendrocyte proteolipid protein and transcription factor Olig2 expression, but no changes in PDGFRα expression. These results suggest astrocyte LCN2 contributes to early events in EAE and reduces damage to mature oligodendrocytes at later times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Mei T, Wu J, Wu K, Zhao M, Luo J, Liu X, Shang B, Xu W, Yang Z, Lai Y, Liu C, Gong H, Gao X, Zhuo Y, Lin M, Zhao L. Lipocalin 2 induces visual impairment by promoting ferroptosis in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36760251 PMCID: PMC9906199 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is a common pathological condition that can lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and visual impairment. However, the pathogenesis of RGC loss and visual impairment caused by retinal ischemia remains unclear. Methods A mouse model of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced RIR injury was used. Flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) and electroretinography (ERG) recordings were performed to assess visual function. The structural integrity of the retina and the number of RGC were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and retinal flat mounts. Ferroptosis was evaluated by testing the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), and ferritin light chains (FTL) in the retina of wild-type (WT) and lipocalin-2 transgenic (LCN2-TG) mice after RIR injury. Results We found that LCN2 was mainly expressed in the RGC layer in the retina of wild-type mice and remarkably upregulated after RIR injury. Compared with wild-type mice, aggravated RGC death and visual impairment were exhibited in LCN2-TG mice with RIR injury. Moreover, LCN2 overexpression activated glial cells and upregulated proinflammatory factors. More importantly, we found that LCN2 strongly promoted ferroptosis signaling in RGC death and visual impairment. Liproxstatin-1, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, could significantly ameliorate RGC death and visual impairment. Furthermore, we found significantly alleviated RGC death and retinal damage in LCN2 heterozygous knockout mice. Conclusions Our study provides important insights linking upregulated LCN2-mediated promotion of ferroptosis to RGC death and visual function impairment in the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China;,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bizhi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China;,Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Hagiyama M, Mimae T, Wada A, Takeuchi F, Yoneshige A, Inoue T, Kotoku N, Hamada H, Sekido Y, Okada M, Ito A. Possible Therapeutic Utility of anti-Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Antibodies for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945007. [PMID: 35903548 PMCID: PMC9315061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the effective therapeutic drugs are limited. Thus, the establishment of novel therapeutic method is desired. Considerable proportion of MPMs are shown to express cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), and to use CADM1 to bind to and proliferate on the pleural mesothelial surface, suggesting that CADM1 is a possible therapeutic target. Here, anti-CADM1 ectodomain chicken monoclonal antibodies, 3E1 and 9D2, were examined for their possible therapeutic utility. The full-length form of CADM1 was expressed in eight out of twelve human MPM cell lines. MPM cell lines were cultured on a confluent monolayer of mesothelial MeT-5A cells in the presence of 9D2, the neutralizing antibody. 9D2 suppressed the cell growth of CADM1-positive MPM cells with the loss and aggregation of CADM1 molecules on the MPM cell membrane, but not of CADM1-negative MPM cells. Co-addition of 3E1, lacking the neutralizing action, enhanced the growth-suppressive effect of 9D2. The two antibodies were tested as drug delivery vectors. 3E1 was converted into a humanized antibody (h3E1) and conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. When the resulting h3E1–MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was added to the standard cultures of CADM1-positive MPM cells, it suppressed the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Co-addition of 9D2 enhanced the growth-suppressive effect of h3E1–MMAE ADC. Anti-CADM1 ectodomain antibodies were suggested to serve as both antibody drugs and drug vectors in the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Wada
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuka Takeuchi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiko Ito,
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Amin D, Kuwajima T. Differential Retinal Ganglion Cell Vulnerability, A Critical Clue for the Identification of Neuroprotective Genes in Glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:905352. [PMID: 38983528 PMCID: PMC11182220 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.905352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the neurons in the retina which directly project to the brain and transmit visual information along the optic nerve. Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness, is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and degeneration of the optic nerve, which is followed by RGC death. Currently, there are no clinical therapeutic drugs or molecular interventions that prevent RGC death outside of IOP reduction. In order to overcome these major barriers, an increased number of studies have utilized the following combined analytical methods: well-established rodent models of glaucoma including optic nerve injury models and transcriptomic gene expression profiling, resulting in the successful identification of molecules and signaling pathways relevant to RGC protection. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of pathological features in a variety of animal models of glaucoma and top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) depending on disease progression, RGC subtypes, retinal regions or animal species. By comparing top DEGs among those different transcriptome profiles, we discuss whether commonly listed DEGs could be defined as potential novel therapeutic targets in glaucoma, which will facilitate development of future therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for treatments of human patients in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwarkesh Amin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takaaki Kuwajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 87:100998. [PMID: 34348167 PMCID: PMC8803988 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation relying on the inflammatory responses of glial cells has emerged as an impactful component of the multifactorial etiology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. It has become increasingly evident that despite early adaptive and reparative features of glial responses, prolonged reactivity of the resident glia, along with the peripheral immune cells, create widespread toxicity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, somas, and synapses. As much as the synchronized responses of astrocytes and microglia to glaucoma-related stress or neuron injury, their bi-directional interactions are critical to build and amplify neuroinflammation and to dictate the neurodegenerative outcome. Although distinct molecular programs regulate somatic and axonal degeneration in glaucoma, inhibition of neurodegenerative inflammation can provide a broadly beneficial treatment strategy to rescue RGC integrity and function. Since inflammatory toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction are converging etiological paths that can boost each other and feed into a vicious cycle, anti-inflammatory treatments may also offer a multi-target potential. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on neuroinflammation in glaucoma with particular emphasis on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors involved in the reciprocal regulation of glial responses, the interdependence between inflammatory and mitochondrial routes of neurodegeneration, and the research aspects inspiring for prospective immunomodulatory treatments. With the advent of powerful technologies, ongoing research on molecular and functional characteristics of glial responses is expected to accumulate more comprehensive and complementary information and to rapidly move the field forward to safe and effective modulation of the glial pro-inflammatory activities, while restoring or augmenting the glial immune-regulatory and neurosupport functions.
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