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Ci X, Chen S, Zhu R, Zarif M, Jain R, Guo W, Ramotar M, Gong L, Xu W, Singh O, Mansouri S, Zadeh G, Wei GH, Xu W, Bristow R, Berlin A, Koritzinsky M, van der Kwast T, He HH. Oral pimonidazole unveils clinicopathologic and epigenetic features of hypoxic tumour aggressiveness in localized prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:744. [PMID: 38890593 PMCID: PMC11186205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor hypoxia is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Pimonidazole (PIMO) is an investigational hypoxia probe used in clinical trials. A better understanding of the clinical significance and molecular alterations underpinning PIMO-labeled tumor hypoxia is needed for future clinical application. Here, we investigated the clinical significance and molecular alterations underpinning PIMO-labeled tumor hypoxia in patients with localized PCa, in order to apply PIMO as a prognostic tool and to identify potential biomarkers for future clinical translation. METHODS A total of 39 patients with localized PCa were recruited and administered oral PIMO before undergoing radical prostatectomy (RadP). Immunohistochemical staining for PIMO was performed on 37 prostatectomy specimens with staining patterns evaluated and clinical association analyzed. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed using laser-capture of microdissected specimen sections comparing PIMO positive and negative tumor areas. A hypoxia related methylation molecular signature was generated by integrating the differentially methylated regions with previously established RNA-seq datasets. RESULTS Three PIMO staining patterns were distinguished: diffuse, focal, and comedo-like. The comedo-like staining pattern was more commonly associated with adverse pathology. PIMO-defined hypoxia intensity was positively correlated with advanced pathologic stage, tumor invasion, and cribriform and intraductal carcinoma morphology. The generated DNA methylation signature was found to be a robust hypoxia biomarker, which could risk-stratify PCa patients across multiple clinical datasets, as well as be applicable in other cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Oral PIMO unveiled clinicopathologic features of disease aggressiveness in localized PCa. The generated DNA methylation signature is a novel and robust hypoxia biomarker that has the potential for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Ci
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sujun Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Present Address: West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mojgan Zarif
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rahi Jain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wangyuan Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ramotar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linsey Gong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjie Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Olivia Singh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bristow
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Christie NHS Trust and CRUK Manchester Institute and Cancer Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Angel CZ, Stafford MYC, McNally CJ, Nesbitt H, McKenna DJ. MiR-21 Is Induced by Hypoxia and Down-Regulates RHOB in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041291. [PMID: 36831632 PMCID: PMC9954526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-established contributor to prostate cancer progression and is also known to alter the expression of several microRNAs. The over-expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been consistently linked with many cancers, but its role in the hypoxic prostate tumour environment has not been well studied. In this paper, the link between hypoxia and miR-21 in prostate cancer is investigated. A bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate biopsy datasets shows the up-regulation of miR-21 is significantly associated with prostate cancer and clinical markers of disease progression. This up-regulation of miR-21 expression was shown to be caused by hypoxia in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line in vitro and in an in vivo prostate tumour xenograft model. A functional enrichment analysis also revealed a significant association of miR-21 and its target genes with processes related to cellular hypoxia. The over-expression of miR-21 increased the migration and colony-forming ability of RWPE-1 normal prostate cells. In vitro and in silico analyses demonstrated that miR-21 down-regulates the tumour suppressor gene Ras Homolog Family Member B (RHOB) in prostate cancer. Further a TCGA analysis illustrated that miR-21 can distinguish between different patient outcomes following therapy. This study presents evidence that hypoxia is a key contributor to the over-expression of miR-21 in prostate tumours, which can subsequently promote prostate cancer progression by suppressing RHOB expression. We propose that miR-21 has good potential as a clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hypoxia and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Zoe Angel
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | | | - Christopher J. McNally
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Queen A, Bhutto HN, Yousuf M, Syed MA, Hassan MI. Carbonic anhydrase IX: A tumor acidification switch in heterogeneity and chemokine regulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:899-913. [PMID: 34998944 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary physiological process of respiration produces carbon dioxide (CO2) that reacts with water molecules which subsequently liberates bicarbonate (HCO-3) and protons. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are the primary catalyst involved in this conversion. More than 16 isoforms of human CAs show organ or subcellular specific activity. Dysregulation of each CA is associated with multiple pathologies. Out of these members, the overexpression of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is associated explicitly with hypoxic tumors or various solid cancers. CAIX helps tumors deal with higher CO2 by sequestering it with bicarbonate ions and helping cancer cells to grow in a comparatively hypoxic or acidic environment, thus acting as a pH adaptation switch. CAIX-mediated adaptations in cancer cells include angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and regulation of cancer-specific chemokines. This review comprehensively collects and describe the cancer-specific expression mechanism and role of CAIX in cancer growth, progression, heterogeneity, and its structural insight to develop future combinatorial targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarfa Queen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Humaira Naaz Bhutto
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Yousuf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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