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Spokeviciute B, Kholia S, Brizzi MF. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy: Harnessing extracellular vesicles for enhanced efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107352. [PMID: 39147005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
A cutting-edge approach in cell-based immunotherapy for combating resistant cancer involves genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) lymphocytes. In recent years, these therapies have demonstrated effectiveness, leading to their commercialization and clinical application against certain types of cancer. However, CAR-T therapy faces limitations, such as the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) that can render CAR-T cells ineffective, and the adverse side effects of the therapy, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse group of membrane-bound particles released into the extracellular environment by virtually all cell types. They are essential for intercellular communication, transferring cargoes such as proteins, lipids, various types of RNAs, and DNA fragments to target cells, traversing biological barriers both locally and systemically. EVs play roles in numerous physiological processes, with those from both immune and non-immune cells capable of modulating the immune system through activation or suppression. Leveraging this capability of EVs to enhance CAR-T cell therapy could represent a significant advancement in overcoming its current limitations. This review examines the current landscape of CAR-T cell immunotherapy and explores the potential role of EVs in augmenting its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharad Kholia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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2
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Kim SY, Park S, Kim S, Ko J. CD133-containing microvesicles promote cancer progression by inducing M2-like tumor-associated macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:300-310. [PMID: 38085813 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immunosuppressive TME formed by TAMs is an essential prerequisite for cancer progression. Tumor-derived microvesicles (MVs), a subtype of extracellular vesicle shed directly from the plasma membrane, are important regulators of intercellular communication and TME modulation during tumorigenesis. However, the exact mechanism by which tumor-derived MVs induce the generation of the immunosuppressive TME and polarization of TAMs remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of CD133-containing MVs derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in macrophage polarization and cancer progression. CD133-containing MVs from CRC cells were incorporated into macrophages, and M0 macrophages were morphologically transformed into M2-like TAMs. CD133-containing MVs were found to increase the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers. Additionally, cytokine array analysis revealed that M2-like TAMs induced by CD133-containing MVs increased the secretion of interleukin 6, which activated the STAT3 pathway in CRC cells. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of M2-like TAMs promoted cell motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell proliferation. However, MVs from CD133-knockdown cells had little effect on TAM polarization and CRC progression. These results demonstrate that CD133-containing MVs induce M2-like TAM polarization and contribute to cancer progression by mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs in the TME of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sungyeon Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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3
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S. MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38462628 PMCID: PMC10926683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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4
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Li Y, Lin Y, Li X, Chen Y, Chen G, Yang H. A Group of Highly Secretory miRNAs Correlates with Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2024; 14:224. [PMID: 38397460 PMCID: PMC10886572 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in modulating intercellular communications between tumor cells and other cells in the microenvironment, thereby influencing tumor progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. However, a comprehensive inventory of these secretory miRNAs in sEVs and their biological and clinical implications remains elusive. This study aims to profile the miRNA content of OSCC cell line sEVs and computationally elucidate their biological and clinical relevance. We conducted miRNA sequencing to compare the miRNA profiles of OSCC cells and their corresponding sEVs. Our motif enrichment analysis identified specific sorting motifs that are implicated in either cellular retention or preferential sEV secretion. Target cell analysis suggested that the sEV miRNAs potentially interact with various immune cell types, including natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Additionally, we explored the clinical relevance of these miRNAs by correlating their expression levels with TNM stages and patient survival outcomes. Intriguingly, our findings revealed that a distinct sEV miRNA signature is associated with lymph node metastasis and poorer survival in patients in TCGA-HNSC dataset. Collectively, this research furthers our understanding of the miRNA sorting mechanisms in OSCC and underscores their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuntao Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518035, China; (Y.L.)
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5
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Wang Y, Qin W. Revealing protein trafficking by proximity labeling-based proteomics. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107041. [PMID: 38134520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein trafficking is a fundamental process with profound implications for both intracellular and intercellular functions. Proximity labeling (PL) technology has emerged as a powerful tool for capturing precise snapshots of subcellular proteomes by directing promiscuous enzymes to specific cellular locations. These enzymes generate reactive species that tag endogenous proteins, enabling their identification through mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In this comprehensive review, we delve into recent advancements in PL-based methodologies, placing particular emphasis on the label-and-fractionation approach and TransitID, for mapping proteome trafficking. These methodologies not only facilitate the exploration of dynamic intracellular protein trafficking between organelles but also illuminate the intricate web of intercellular and inter-organ protein communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Aloi N, Drago G, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1205. [PMID: 38256278 PMCID: PMC10816988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (G.D.); (S.R.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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7
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Schmidtmann M, D’Souza-Schorey C. Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Packages That Modulate Tumor Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5617. [PMID: 38067320 PMCID: PMC10705367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression, from early-stage invasion to the formation of distal metastases, relies on the capacity of tumor cells to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) and communicate with the surrounding stroma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an important means to regulate cell invasion due to the selective inclusion of cargoes such as proteases and matrix proteins into EVs that can degrade or modify the ECM. EVs have also been shown to facilitate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling, which can impact ECM invasion by cancer cells. Here, we describe the current knowledge of EVs as facilitators of tumor invasion by virtue of their effects on proteolytic degradation and modification of the ECM, their ability to educate the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and their role as mediators of long-range communication aiding in cell invasion and matrix remodeling at secondary sites.
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Nan W, Wang F, Wang H, Xiao W, Li L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Dai L, Xu Z, Wan G, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang Q, Hao Y. Synergistic wound repair effects of a composite hydrogel for delivering tumor-derived vesicles and S-nitrosoglutathione. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9987-10002. [PMID: 37823264 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Treating chronic wounds requires transition from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 dominant macrophages. Based on the role of tumor extracellular vesicles (tEVs) in regulating the phenotypic switching from M1 to M2 macrophages, we propose that tEVs may have a beneficial impact on alleviating the overactive inflammatory microenvironment associated with refractory wounds. On the other hand, as a nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can regulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, enhance matrix deposition, and facilitate wound healing. In this study, a guar gum-based hydrogel with tEVs and GSNO was designed for the treatment of diabetic refractory wounds. This hybrid hydrogel was formed through the phenyl borate bonds, which can automatically disintegrate in response to the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level at the site of refractory diabetic wounds, releasing tEVs and GSNO. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of this hydrogel in vitro, which demonstrated excellent performance. Meanwhile, using a full-thickness excision model in diabetic mice, the wounds exposed to the therapeutic hydrogel healed completely within 21 days. The increased closure rate was associated with macrophage polarization and collagen deposition, accelerated fibroblast proliferation, and increased angiogenesis in the regenerating tissues. Therefore, this multifunctional hybrid hydrogel appears to be promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Nan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Wenchi Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Linxiao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Yulu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Linna Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Guoyun Wan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxue Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Hongli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300000, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Hao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Nano Biomedical Materials Research Center, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
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Kopper TJ, Yu X, Graner MW. Immunopathology of Extracellular Vesicles in Macrophage and Glioma Cross-Talk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103430. [PMID: 37240536 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are a devastating disease with extremely poor clinical outcomes. Resident (microglia) and infiltrating macrophages are a substantial component of the tumor environment. In GBM and other cancers, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suppress macrophage inflammatory responses, impairing their ability to identify and phagocytose cancerous tissues. Furthermore, these macrophages then begin to produce EVs that support tumor growth and migration. This cross-talk between macrophages/microglia and gliomas is a significant contributor to GBM pathophysiology. Here, we review the mechanisms through which GBM-derived EVs impair macrophage function, how subsequent macrophage-derived EVs support tumor growth, and the current therapeutic approaches to target GBM/macrophage EV crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kopper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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May AM, Batoon L, McCauley LK, Keller ET. The Role of Tumor Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Macrophage Crosstalk in Cancer Progression. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:117-127. [PMID: 36848026 PMCID: PMC10106416 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published findings regarding the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor progression, macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, and crosstalk that exists between tumor cells and macrophages. RECENT FINDINGS EMT is a crucial process in tumor progression. In association with EMT changes, macrophage infiltration of tumors occurs frequently. A large body of evidence demonstrates that various mechanisms of crosstalk exist between macrophages and tumor cells that have undergone EMT resulting in a vicious cycle that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells undergoing EMT provide reciprocal crosstalk which leads to tumor progression. These interactions provide potential targets to exploit for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M May
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 14, Room 116 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Lena Batoon
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, NCRC, Building 14, Room 116 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Single Cell Spatial Analysis Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Exosomal MicroRNA Levels Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030801. [PMID: 36979782 PMCID: PMC10045368 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown high efficiency in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment. However, the response to therapy among patients varies greatly. Modern studies demonstrate the high potential of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in oncopathology. This study aimed to evaluate exosomal miRNA expression profiles of miRNAs-144, -146a, -149, -126, and -155 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The study included 35 patients whose venous blood samples were taken before and after ICI therapy. Expression analysis was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. It was demonstrated that the level of microRNA-146a increased after therapy (median(IQR) 12.92(4.06–18.90)) compared with the level before it (median(IQR) 7.15(1.90–10.50); p-value = 0.006). On the contrary, microRNA-126 was reduced after therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (median(IQR) 0.85(0.55–1.03) vs. 0.48(0.15–0.68) before and after therapy, respectively; p-value = 0.0001). In addition, miRNA-146a expression was shown to be reduced in patients with a higher grade of immune-related adverse events (p-value = 0.020). The AUC value for the miRNA-146a and miRNA-126 combination was 0.752 (95% CI 0.585–0.918), with the sensitivity at 64.3% and the specificity at 78.9%. Thus, while it can be assumed that miRNA-146a and miRNA-126 can be used as predictors for ICI therapy effectiveness, additional in-depth studies are required.
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12
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Chen QY, Gao B, Tong D, Huang C. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215979. [PMID: 36306939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In concert with hijacking key genes to drive tumor progression, cancer cells also have the unique ability to dynamically interact with host microenvironment and discreetly manipulate the surrounding stroma, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), to provide optimal conditions for tumor cells to thrive and evade host immunity. Complex cellular crosstalk and molecular signaling between cancer cells, surrounding non-malignant cells, and non-cellular components are involved in this process. While intercellular communication traditionally centers around chemokines, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, emerging pathways involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention. The immunosuppressive TME is created and maintained in part by the large abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs), which are associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and have emerged as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. TMAs are highly dynamic, and can be polarized into either M1 or M2-like macrophages. EVs are efficient cell-cell communication molecules that have been catapulted to the center of TMA polarization. In this article, we provide detailed examination of the determinative role of EVs in sustaining the TME through mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Environmenta and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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13
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Indino S, Borzi C, Moscheni C, Sartori P, De Cecco L, Bernardo G, Le Noci V, Arnaboldi F, Triulzi T, Sozzi G, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L, Gagliano N, Moro M, Sommariva M. The Educational Program of Macrophages toward a Hyperprogressive Disease-Related Phenotype Is Orchestrated by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415802. [PMID: 36555441 PMCID: PMC9779478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperprogressive disease (HPD), an aggressive acceleration of tumor growth, was observed in a group of cancer patients treated with anti-PD1/PDL1 antibodies. The presence of a peculiar macrophage subset in the tumor microenvironment is reported to be a sort of "immunological prerequisite" for HPD development. These macrophages possess a unique phenotype that it is not clear how they acquire. We hypothesized that certain malignant cells may promote the induction of an "HPD-related" phenotype in macrophages. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to the conditioned medium of five non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Macrophage phenotype was analyzed by microarray gene expression profile and real-time PCR. We found that human NSCLC cell lines, reported as undergoing HPD-like tumor growth in immunodeficient mice, polarized macrophages towards a peculiar pro-inflammatory phenotype sharing both M1 and M2 features. Lipid-based factors contained in cancer cell-conditioned medium induced the over-expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of innate immune receptor signaling pathways. We also determined that tumor-derived Extracellular Vesicles represent the main components involved in the observed macrophage re-education program. The present study might represent the starting point for the future development of diagnostic tools to identify potential hyperprogressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Indino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Borzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. B. Grassi, 74, L.I.T.A. Vialba, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarla Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentino Le Noci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Moro
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250315401
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14
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Jorquera-Cordero C, Lara P, Cruz LJ, Schomann T, van Hofslot A, de Carvalho TG, Guedes PMDM, Creemers L, Koning RI, Chan AB, de Araujo Junior RF. Extracellular Vesicles from M1-Polarized Macrophages Combined with Hyaluronic Acid and a β-Blocker Potentiate Doxorubicin’s Antitumor Activity by Downregulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051068. [PMID: 35631654 PMCID: PMC9143936 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main reasons for cancer’s low clinical response to chemotherapeutics is the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-ass ociated M2 macrophages (M2-TAMs) orchestrate the immunosuppression, which favors tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for targeted therapies as, depending on their biological origin, they can present different therapeutic properties, such as enhanced accumulation in the target tissue or modulation of the immune system. In the current study, EVs were isolated from M1-macrophages (M1-EVs) pre-treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) and the β-blocker carvedilol (CV). The resulting modulated-M1 EVs (MM1-EVs) were further loaded with doxorubicin (MM1-DOX) to assess their effect in a mouse model of metastatic tumor growth. The cell death and cell migration profile were evaluated in vitro in 4T1 cells. The polarization of the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was also analyzed to evaluate the effects on the TME. Tumors were investigated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. MM1-DOX reduced the primary tumor size and metastases. NF-κB was the major gene downregulated by MM1-DOX. Furthermore, MM1-DOX reduced the expression of M2-TAM (CD-163) in tumors, which resulted in increased apoptosis (FADD) as well as decreased expression of MMP-2 and TGF-β. These results suggest a direct effect in tumors and an upregulation in the TME immunomodulation, which corroborate with our in vitro data that showed increased apoptosis, modulation of macrophage polarization, and reduced cell migration after treatment with M1-EVs combined with HA and CV. Our results indicate that the M1-EVs enhanced the antitumor effects of DOX, especially if combined with HA and CV in an animal model of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Jorquera-Cordero
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.J.-C.); (L.C.); (A.B.C.)
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
| | - Pablo Lara
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.); (A.v.H.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (R.F.d.A.J.); Tel.: +31-06-21180677 (P.L.); +31-65-562-0247 (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.); (A.v.H.)
| | - Timo Schomann
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.); (A.v.H.)
| | - Anna van Hofslot
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.); (A.v.H.)
| | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Da Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil;
| | - Laura Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.J.-C.); (L.C.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Roman I. Koning
- Electron Microscopy, Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Alan B. Chan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.J.-C.); (L.C.); (A.B.C.)
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araujo Junior
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (T.G.d.C.)
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Radiology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.); (A.v.H.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078 970, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (R.F.d.A.J.); Tel.: +31-06-21180677 (P.L.); +31-65-562-0247 (R.F.d.A.J.)
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