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Pose-Méndez S, Rehbock M, Wolf-Asseburg A, Köster RW. In Vivo Monitoring of Fabp7 Expression in Transgenic Zebrafish. Cells 2024; 13:1138. [PMID: 38994990 PMCID: PMC11240397 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, like in mammals, radial glial cells (RGCs) can act as neural progenitors during development and regeneration in adults. However, the heterogeneity of glia subpopulations entails the need for different specific markers of zebrafish glia. Currently, fluorescent protein expression mediated by a regulatory element from the glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) gene is used as a prominent glia reporter. We now expand this tool by demonstrating that a regulatory element from the mouse Fatty acid binding protein 7 (Fabp7) gene drives reliable expression in fabp7-expressing zebrafish glial cells. By using three different Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated fluorescent protein reporter strains, we reveal in double transgenic zebrafish that progenitor cells expressing fluorescent proteins driven by the Fabp7 regulatory element give rise to radial glia, oligodendrocyte progenitors, and some neuronal precursors. Furthermore, Bergmann glia represent the almost only glial population of the zebrafish cerebellum (besides a few oligodendrocytes), and the radial glia also remain in the mature cerebellum. Fabp7 regulatory element-mediated reporter protein expression in Bergmann glia progenitors suggests their origin from the ventral cerebellar proliferation zone, the ventricular zone, but not from the dorsally positioned upper rhombic lip. These new Fabp7 reporters will be valuable for functional studies during development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Pose-Méndez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michel Rehbock
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wolf-Asseburg
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Hughes S, Hessel EVS. Zebrafish and nematodes as whole organism models to measure developmental neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:330-343. [PMID: 38832580 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2342448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing epidemiological evidence of an association between toxin exposure and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), systematic testing of DNT is not mandatory in international regulations for admission of pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals. However, to date around 200 compounds, ranging from pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, have been tested for DNT in the current OECD test guidelines (TG-443 or TG-426). There are calls for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for DNT, which has resulted in a DNT testing battery using in vitro human cell-based assays. These assays provide a means to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity in humans which is lacking in animal-based toxicity tests. However, cell-based assays do not represent all steps of the complex process leading to DNT. Validated models with a multi-organ network of pathways that interact at the molecular, cellular and tissue level at very specific timepoints in a life cycle are currently missing. Consequently, whole model organisms are being developed to screen for, and causally link, new molecular targets of DNT compounds and how they affect whole brain development and neurobehavioral endpoints. Given the practical and ethical restraints associated with vertebrate testing, lower animal models that qualify as 3 R (reduce, refine and replace) models, including the nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) will prove particularly valuable for unravelling toxicity pathways leading to DNT. Although not as complex as the human brain, these 3 R-models develop a complete functioning brain with numerous neurodevelopmental processes overlapping with human brain development. Importantly, the main signalling pathways relating to (neuro)development, metabolism and growth are highly conserved in these models. We propose the use of whole model organisms specifically zebrafish and C. elegans for DNT relevant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hughes
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Ding Z, Jiang M, Qian J, Gu D, Bai H, Cai M, Yao D. Role of transforming growth factor-β in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:380-386. [PMID: 37488894 PMCID: PMC10503632 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits. Unlike in the central nervous system, damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells. However, axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function, which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge. Transforming growth factor (TGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair, embryo development, and cell growth and differentiation. There is accumulating evidence that TGF-β family proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells; recruiting specific immune cells; controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier, thereby stimulating axon growth; and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons. TGF-β has been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models. In this context, we review the functions of TGF-β in peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Cai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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6
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Shih HY, Raas Q, Bonkowsky JL. Progress in leukodystrophies with zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:21-34. [PMID: 38239149 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Inherited leukodystrophies are genetic disorders characterized by abnormal white matter in the central nervous system. Although individually rare, there are more than 400 distinct types of leukodystrophies with a cumulative incidence of 1 in 4500 live births. The pathophysiology of most leukodystrophies is poorly understood, there are treatments for only a few, and there is significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting a critical need for improvements in this field. A variety of animal, cell, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models have been developed for leukodystrophies, but with significant limitations in all models. Many leukodystrophies lack animal models, and extant models often show no or mixed recapitulation of key phenotypes. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become increasingly used as disease models for studying leukodystrophies due to their early onset of disease phenotypes and conservation of molecular and neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we focus on reviewing new zebrafish disease models for leukodystrophy or models with recent progress. This includes discussion of leukodystrophy with vanishing white matter disease, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger spectrum disorders and peroxisomal disorders, PSAP deficiency, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-8/4H leukodystrophy, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, RNASET2-deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids-1 (CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy), and ultra-rare leukodystrophies. Zebrafish models offer important potentials for the leukodystrophy field, including testing of new variants in known genes; establishing causation of newly discovered genes; and early lead compound identification for therapies. There are also unrealized opportunities to use humanized zebrafish models which have been sparsely explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Shih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Utah Tech University, Saint George, Utah, USA
- Center for Precision & Functional Genomics, Utah Tech University, Saint George, Utah, USA
| | - Quentin Raas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Research for Neurological Disorders, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Komada M, Nishimura Y. Epigenetics and Neuroinflammation Associated With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Microglial Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852752. [PMID: 35646933 PMCID: PMC9133693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cerebral palsy. Converging lines of evidence from basic and clinical sciences suggest that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation and miRNA expression, is associated with neuroinflammation. Genetic and environmental factors can affect the interaction between epigenetics and neuroinflammation, which may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. In this minireview, we focus on neuroinflammation that might be mediated by epigenetic dysregulation in microglia, and compare studies using mammals and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Komada
- Mammalian Embryology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuhei Nishimura,
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8
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Berdowski WM, van der Linde HC, Breur M, Oosterhof N, Beerepoot S, Sanderson L, Wijnands LI, de Jong P, Tsai-Meu-Chong E, de Valk W, de Witte M, van IJcken WFJ, Demmers J, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M, Wolf NI, van Ham TJ. Dominant-acting CSF1R variants cause microglial depletion and altered astrocytic phenotype in zebrafish and adult-onset leukodystrophy. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:211-239. [PMID: 35713703 PMCID: PMC9288387 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, including microglia, are implicated in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders and are possible therapeutic targets by their chemical depletion or replenishment by hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of microglial function and the consequences of microglial depletion in the human brain is lacking. In human disease, heterozygous variants in CSF1R, encoding the Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, can lead to adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) possibly caused by microglial depletion. Here, we investigate the effects of ALSP-causing CSF1R variants on microglia and explore the consequences of microglial depletion in the brain. In intermediate- and late-stage ALSP post-mortem brain, we establish that there is an overall loss of homeostatic microglia and that this is predominantly seen in the white matter. By introducing ALSP-causing missense variants into the zebrafish genomic csf1ra locus, we show that these variants act dominant negatively on the number of microglia in vertebrate brain development. Transcriptomics and proteomics on relatively spared ALSP brain tissue validated a downregulation of microglia-associated genes and revealed elevated astrocytic proteins, possibly suggesting involvement of astrocytes in early pathogenesis. Indeed, neuropathological analysis and in vivo imaging of csf1r zebrafish models showed an astrocytic phenotype associated with enhanced, possibly compensatory, endocytosis. Together, our findings indicate that microglial depletion in zebrafish and human disease, likely as a consequence of dominant-acting pathogenic CSF1R variants, correlates with altered astrocytes. These findings underscore the unique opportunity CSF1R variants provide to gain insight into the roles of microglia in the human brain, and the need to further investigate how microglia, astrocytes, and their interactions contribute to white matter homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woutje M. Berdowski
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shanice Beerepoot
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Sanderson
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve I. Wijnands
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick de Jong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Tsai-Meu-Chong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Walter de Valk
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek de Witte
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Hematology Department, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. J. van IJcken
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XCenter for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XProteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I. Wolf
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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