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Varisli L, Vlahopoulos S. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2173. [PMID: 38396852 PMCID: PMC10889420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a metabolic process that confers phenotypic flexibility to cells and the ability to adapt to new functions. This transition is critical during embryogenesis and is required for the differentiation of many tissues and organs. EMT can also be induced in advanced-stage cancers, leading to further malignant behavior and chemotherapy resistance, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Although EMT was long considered and studied only in solid tumors, it has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including acute leukemias. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that EMT promotes the progression of acute leukemias, leading to the emergence of a more aggressive phenotype of the disease, and also causes chemotherapy resistance. The current literature suggests that the levels and activities of EMT inducers and markers can be used to predict prognosis, and that targeting EMT in addition to conventional therapies may increase treatment success in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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2
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Li S, Sampson C, Liu C, Piao HL, Liu HX. Integrin signaling in cancer: bidirectional mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:266. [PMID: 37770930 PMCID: PMC10537162 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that possess distinct ligand-binding specificities in the extracellular domain and signaling properties in the cytoplasmic domain. While most integrins have a short cytoplasmic tail, integrin β4 has a long cytoplasmic tail that can indirectly interact with the actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, 'inside-out' signals can induce integrins to adopt a high-affinity extended conformation for their appropriate ligands. These properties enable integrins to transmit bidirectional cellular signals, making it a critical regulator of various biological processes.Integrin expression and function are tightly linked to various aspects of tumor progression, including initiation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Certain integrins have been shown to drive tumorigenesis or amplify oncogenic signals by interacting with corresponding receptors, while others have marginal or even suppressive effects. Additionally, different α/β subtypes of integrins can exhibit opposite effects. Integrin-mediated signaling pathways including Ras- and Rho-GTPase, TGFβ, Hippo, Wnt, Notch, and sonic hedgehog (Shh) are involved in various stages of tumorigenesis. Therefore, understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms and molecular specificities of integrins are crucial to delaying cancer progression and suppressing tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the development of integrin-based therapeutics for cancer are of great importance.This review provides an overview of integrin-dependent bidirectional signaling mechanisms in cancer that can either support or oppose tumorigenesis by interacting with various signaling pathways. Finally, we focus on the future opportunities for emergent therapeutics based on integrin agonists. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chibuzo Sampson
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Hong-Xu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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Huang W, Zheng S, Wang Q, Zhao N, Long Z. Identification and validation of a prognostic risk-scoring model based on the level of TIM-3 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15658. [PMID: 37730831 PMCID: PMC10511414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis due to the presence of self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The presence of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) on the surface of LSCs has been observed in various types of human AML, exerting an impact on the prognostic outcome. Exploring the hub genes associated with varying levels of TIM-3 expression offers a valuable approach to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involving TIM-3 and to identify potential prognostic indicators in AML. Nevertheless, to date, no research studies have reported a prognostic model that relies on the level of TIM-3 expression. In our study, we screen the hub-genes based on different expression level of TIM-3 through WGCNA. The prognostic risk-scoring model was constructed based on hub-genes. The results show the risk prognostic model has extraordinary ability to predict prognosis in both the training and validation sets. The high-risk group present poor prognosis with mutation of NPM1, TP53 (Multiple Hit) and FLT3(multiple hit), while IDH2 (Missense Mutation), MUC16 (Multiple Hit/Missense Mutation) occur mutation in low-risk group presenting favorite prognosis than high-risk group. Leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, regulation of T cell activation and I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling enriched in high-risk group, involving in HSCs or LSCs anchoring to BM, which implicated in LSCs survival and chemotherapy resistance. B7-H3 (CD276) and CD276 would be the potential immune targets in high-risk group. The risk score model may help in distinguishing immune and molecular characteristics, predicting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China.
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Kawai H, Oo MW, Takabatake K, Tosa I, Soe Y, Eain HS, Sanou S, Fushimi S, Sukegawa S, Nakano K, Takeshi T, Nagatsuka H. Enzyme-Cleaved Bone Marrow Transplantation Improves the Engraftment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10722. [PMID: 36936364 PMCID: PMC10020919 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach to curing bone diseases and disorders. In treating genetic bone disorders, MSC therapy is local or systemic transplantation of isolated and in vitro proliferated MSC rather than bone marrow transplantation. Recent evidence showed that bone marrow MSC engraftment to bone regeneration has been controversial in animal and human studies. Here, our modified bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method solved this problem. Like routine BMT, our modified method involves three steps: (i) isolation of bone marrow cells from the donor, (ii) whole-body lethal irradiation to the recipient, and (iii) injection of isolated bone marrow cells into irradiated recipient mice via the tail vein. The significant modification is imported at the bone marrow isolation step. While the bone marrow cells are flushed out from the bone marrow with the medium in routine BMT, we applied the enzymes' (collagenase type 4 and dispase) integrated medium to wash out the bone marrow cells. Then, cells were incubated in enzyme integrated solution at 37°C for 10 minutes. This modification designated BMT as collagenase-integrated BMT (c-BMT). Notably, successful engraftment of bone marrow MSC to the new bone formation, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes, occurs in c-BMT mice, whereas routine BMT mice do not recruit bone marrow MSC. Indeed, flow cytometry data showed that c-BMT includes a higher proportion of LepR+, CD51+, or RUNX2+ non-hematopoietic cells than BMT. These findings suggested that c-BMT is a time-efficient and more reliable technique that ensures the disaggregation and collection of bone marrow stem cells and engraftment of bone marrow MSC to the recipient. Hence, we proposed that c-BMT might be a promising approach to curing genetic bone disorders. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - May Wathone Oo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Ikue Tosa
- Department of Regenerative Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yamin Soe
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Htoo Shwe Eain
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Sho Sanou
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Shigeko Fushimi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Shintaro Sukegawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKagawa Prefectural Central HospitalTakamatsuJapan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Takarada Takeshi
- Department of Regenerative Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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Mannose Receptor Deficiency Impacts Bone Marrow and Circulating Immune Cells during High Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121205. [PMID: 36557243 PMCID: PMC9784906 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on the immune cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) of several tissues, including the bone marrow (BM). Parallel to systemic metabolic alterations and hematopoietic cell proliferation, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases the expression of Mrc1 in sinusoidal ECs, thus calling for the investigation of its role in bone marrow cell reprogramming and the metabolic profile during obesity. Mrc1-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed an HFD (45% Kcal/diet) for 20 weeks. Weight gain was monitored during the diet regimen and glucose and insulin tolerance were assessed. Extensive flow cytometry profiling, histological, and proteomic analyses were performed. After HFD feeding, Mrc1-/- mice presented impaired medullary hematopoiesis with reduced myeloid progenitors and mature cells in parallel with an increase in BM adipocytes compared to controls. Accordingly, circulating levels of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory monocytes decreased in Mrc1-/- mice together with reduced infiltration of macrophages in the visceral adipose tissue and the liver compared to controls. Liver histological profiling coupled with untargeted proteomic analysis revealed that Mrc1-/- mice presented decreased liver steatosis and the downregulation of proteins belonging to pathways involved in liver dysfunction. This profile was reflected by improved glucose and insulin response and reduced weight gain during HFD feeding in Mrc1-/- mice compared to controls. Our data show that during HFD feeding, mannose receptor deficiency impacts BM and circulating immune cell subsets, which is associated with reduced systemic inflammation and resistance to obesity development.
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Cruz LJ, Rezaei S, Grosveld F, Philipsen S, Eich C. Nanoparticles targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Multimodal carriers for the treatment of hematological diseases. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1030285. [PMID: 36407494 PMCID: PMC9666682 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern-day hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapies, such as gene therapy, modify autologous HSCs prior to re-infusion into myelo-conditioned patients and hold great promise for treatment of hematological disorders. While this approach has been successful in numerous clinical trials, it relies on transplantation of ex vivo modified patient HSCs, which presents several limitations. It is a costly and time-consuming procedure, which includes only few patients so far, and ex vivo culturing negatively impacts on the viability and stem cell-properties of HSCs. If viral vectors are used, this carries the additional risk of insertional mutagenesis. A therapy delivered to HSCs in vivo, with minimal disturbance of the HSC niche, could offer great opportunities for novel treatments that aim to reverse disease symptoms for hematopoietic disorders and could bring safe, effective and affordable genetic therapies to all parts of the world. However, substantial unmet needs exist with respect to the in vivo delivery of therapeutics to HSCs. In the last decade, in particular with the development of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an emerging platform to facilitate the manipulation of cells and organs. By employing surface modification strategies, different types of NPs can be designed to target specific tissues and cell types in vivo. HSCs are particularly difficult to target due to the lack of unique cell surface markers that can be utilized for cell-specific delivery of therapeutics, and their shielded localization in the bone marrow (BM). Recent advances in NP technology and genetic engineering have resulted in the development of advanced nanocarriers that can deliver therapeutics and imaging agents to hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the BM niche. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of NP-based approaches targeting HSPCs to control and monitor HSPC activity in vitro and in vivo, and we discuss the potential of NPs for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders, with a specific focus on the delivery of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Somayeh Rezaei
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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